Title:

OOP

Submitted To:

Mr.Ejaz

Submitted By:

Ammar Sabir Cheema

(sp13-bbi-007)

Shahzad Hameed

(sp13-bbi-018)

THE CRUSADESTHECRUSADES

BACKGROUND• The word “crusade” comes from the Spanish cruzade which means

“marked with the cross”

– Crusaders wore red crosses on their chests to symbolize their purpose

• The clash between Islam and Christianity started the very first day with the advent of islam.

• The Muslims believed in Oneness of Allah and on other hand Christians believed in trinity.

• By the end of the 11th century, Western Europe had emerged as a significant power in its own right. Byzantium was losing considerable territory to the invading Seljuk Turks.

• Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine Army at the battle of Manzikirt in 1071.

• They gain control over much of Anatolia.

The First Crusade (1096-99)• Pope Urban II called Christians for first crusade.

• Soon a grand army assembled in France.

• Four armies of Crusaders were set to depart for Byzantium in August 1096.

• A less organized band of knights set off before the others

• In the first major clash Turkish forces crushed the invading Europeans.

• The Seljuk were indulged in their state issues.

• In May 1097,after defeating Qilij Sultan(a Seljuk) the Crusaders and their Byzantine allies captured Nicaea.

• In the same way after defeating Sultan Yaghi,Crusaders captured Armenia.

• Count Baldwin was declared the as the king of Armenia.

• The Crusaders encaptured coastal town of Maarat-al-Numan and killed 100,000 Muslims there.

• At last on June 1099,the Crusader army was against the walls of Jerusalem.

• There was a massive bloodshed of Muslims and even the holy places were not left free of blood.

• The Jerusalem which was gained by Omer the great so peacefully, was now red with Muslim blood.

• The crusades then fought a battle against Fatimids and became the rulers of whole Palestine.

• This was the end of first crusade.

The Second Crusade (1147-49)• The news of AL-Ruha’s fall was received with concern by Pope

Eugenis 3.

• The Pope with other emperors including The German Emperor, Conrad 3 and the King of France launched the third crusade.

• The crusaders besieged Damascus but they did not succeeded in taking it from Muslims.

• The Crusade proved to be a failure.

• The combined Muslim forces dealt a humiliating defeat to the Crusaders, decisively ending the Second Crusade.

• But islands in the Aegean sea fell to the Crusades which was a great blow to the Muslims.

Nuruddin Zangi(1146-1174)• In the mean time great person rose from the lines of Muslims.

• He was Nuruddin,the very capable son of Imaduddin Zangi.

• Nuruddin annexed the entire district of al-Ruha.

• He also captured the Christian Governor of the area, Count Jocelin 2 and imprisoned him.

• He then attacked the ruler of Antioch,Bohemund 2 and imprisoned him.

• He would not release the two princes till they had paid him a large ransom.

Salahuddin al-Ayyubi(1169-1192)

• Salahuddin was the son of Ayyub,the commander of Baalbeck under the Zangids.

• The only objective of his life was to take Jerusalem back from Christians.

• Because the Great Masjid, Masjid-e-Aqsa was a holy place of Muslims.

• The Muslims up to this day remember it as Qibla-e-awal.

• The Prophet Muhammad(SAW) also offered a prayer there during Meraj.

• After a series of wars with Christians and even Muslims who had become allies of the Christians, Salahuddin regained Jerusalem for Muslims .

• When Salahuddin entered Jerusalem, he asked the Christian inhabitants to pay few money and leave Jerusalem.

• This was the education of Islam.

The Third Crusade (1189-92)

• The fall of Jerusalem sent a wave of horror throughout the Europe.

• All the kings of Europe rose to fight for the honor of Christendom.

• Three powerful kings took the lead .

• Richard of England, Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor of Germany and Philip 2,king of France.

• Acre fell to Crusaders in 1191.

• 3000 Muslims prisoners were killed.

• After this Christian army stood before the walls of Jerusalem.

• But failed to take it from Muslims.

• Because Muslims fighted recklessly.

• At last a treaty was signed between Salah-Uddin and Richard.

• According to this treaty Salah-Uddin retained all the land he hand.

• Also Christians were allowed to enter Jerusalem free of arms.

From the Fourth to the Sixth Crusade (1198-1229)

• There were many crusades after this but not all were aimed against the Muslims or any holy city.

• The fourth crusade was aimed at and resulted in capture of Constantinople.

• The fifth Crusade was fighted to take Egypt from Muslims, but it proved failure for crusaders.

• In Sixth Crusade Emperor Frederick II achieved the peaceful transfer of Jerusalem to Crusader.

• The peace treaty expired a decade later, and Muslims easily regained control of Jerusalem.

• So Jerusalem came back to Muslims in 1246.

• From this time Jerusalem remained in Muslims hands until 1947.

• After this Israel came into being existence.

References

• A Short History of ISLAM(S.F Mahmud)

• Salahuddin(Unknown writer)

• Dastaan Emaan Faroosho Ki(Altumash)

JzakAllah