The Crisis Deepens

Chapter 10 Section 3

Birth of the Republican Party Kansas-Nebraska Act -> replaced Missouri

Compromise Had major effect on Democratic and Whig parties

Whip Party-> Southern=pro-slavery and Northern=antislavery

Anger over the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to new coalition-> Whigs, Free-Soil Party, and antislavery Democrats created the Republican Party ( also called Anti-Nebraska, Fusion, People’s, and Independent Party) Began during Congressional elections in 1854

Republicans Organize Organized in July of 1854

Took name from Jefferson’s original party Wanted prevent Southern planters from controlling the

federal gov’t Agreed slavery should be kept out of territories

Northern voters agreed-> Republicans made great strides in the elections of 1854

How the Republican Party was formed?

The Know-Nothings Know-Nothings (American Party)

Made great gains due to anger against the Democrats in the north

Were anti-Catholic and nativists Opposed immigration

Were scared they would take jobs Used this ideology to win seats in Congress and

state legislature Eventually split over slavery and Northern party

members merged with Republicans Slavery>than immigration

Election of 1856 John C. Fremont (Rep.) vs. James

Buchannan (Dem.) vs. Millard Fillmore (American Party) Two separate contests:

Buchannan vs. Fremont (North) Dems. Campaigned on the idea that Buchannan could save

the Union and Fremont’s election would cause the South to secede Buchannan won

Buchannan vs. Fillmore (South) Buchannan had solid support in the South=easy win

Dred Scott vs. Sanford (1857) Background: Scott was a slave from Missouri,

had been shuffled from one family to another - one Northern state to another - eventually abolitionists decide to use him as a test case. Three Questions of the case:

1. Were blacks CITIZENS under the meaning of the constitution? Ruling- No, they are property.

2. Does residence in a free state make a slave free? Ruling-No

3. Does residence North of the 36-30 N Latitude line make a slave free? Ruling-No, Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

Sectional Division Grows Dred Scott Decision

In his March 1857 inaugural address, Buchanan suggested that the Supreme Court decide the question of slavery in the territories Two days later Supreme Court released the Dred Scott v.

Sanford ruling Dred Scot is the first case since Marbury v. Madison that

the supreme court found an act of congress unconstitutional. America’s Response:

North: Slavery has become a southern conspiracy. There is no telling when slavery will end, or how far it will reach.

South: Yay! Increased sectional conflict-> b/c federal gov’t couldn’t

prohibit slavery in any territories

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Sectional Division Grows Dems for decision-> Reps condemned it and

claimed it was not binding Reps argued it was an obiter dictum->incidental

opinion not called for by all circumstances of the case

Southerners called for Northerners to obey the decision or they would secede the Union

Kansas’s Lecompton Constitution Gov’t fueled conflict b/w pro and antislavery

forces in “Bleeding Kansas” Buchannan urged statehood constitution was drafted in Lecompton->legalized

slavery in the territory Each side held their own referendum-> anti forces

opposed and pro forces approved it Buchanan accepted pros vote and asked Kansas be

admitted as slave state Senate accepted Lecompton Constitution

Caused fights to break out in Congress

Kansas’s Lecompton Constitution Pres. Buchanan and Southern leaders agreed to allow

another referendum-> Southerners were confident b/c if rejected Kansas would be delayed statehood 2yrs. In 1858, settlers of Kansas rejected the Lecompton

Constitution Became a state in 1861

Lincoln and Douglas Read Lincoln and Douglas on pg. 336-337

- Reading Checks: Lincoln’s background Douglas’ background Location of the pivotal debate b/w the 2 Significant Questions and responses Election winner Lincoln’s positive impact

Lincoln and Douglas

Stephen Douglas Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln-Douglas Debate

Lincoln-Douglas Debate

John Brown’s Raid Read pg. 337.

Write a brief summary of John Brown’s Raid. Discuss all of the following:

What happened? Who was involved? Where did it take place? What were the results of the incident?

John Brown’s Raid