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THE CRISES OF THE COLD WAR. Lobj: to consider whether ‘peaceful existence’ really existed. PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE ?. Khrushchev made visits to foreign leaders Gave aid to the Third World – trying to raise Communist influence Was certain Communism was superior Crushed a Hungarian Revolution - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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THE CRISES OF THE COLD WAR
Lobj: to consider whether ‘peaceful existence’ really existed.
PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE ?
• Khrushchev made visits to foreign leaders
• Gave aid to the Third World – trying to raise Communist influence
• Was certain Communism was superior
• Crushed a Hungarian Revolution
• Built the Berlin Wall
PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE ?
• Space race with USA – proved USSR was technologically superior
• Enraged the West with a Nuclear Arms race
• Demanded the USA left Berlin
• USSR challenged US dominance in Olympic games
PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE ?
Khrushchev was not the Tyrant like Stalin – but the Cold War got to the hottest point
during his time
THE GENEVA SUMMIT
• 1955 – World leaders met to discuss trade, the arms race & disarmament.
• President Eisenhower suggested each side could monitor (from the air) what the other was doing
• Neither could stockpile weapons & tensions would be reduced = high point in relations
THE ARMS RACE 1955-63
• Up to 1957 – nuclear bombs had to be carried to their destination by a plane
• Oct 1957 – USSR developed a rocket – R7 , which could send a satellite into space
• Dec 1957 – USA had own rocket – Atlas-A
• Meant nuclear weapons could be launched at targets with no need for planes
• 1960 – both countries had ICM’s (Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles)
• These were land based & stored underground• They could hit target 6400 kilometres away
• The USA based these missiles in Turkey – on the USSR border
• 1960 – Polaris missiles designed – could fire 1600km away – based in submarines
THE HUNGARIAN RISING 1956
• June 1956 – Polish people revolted and gained some freedoms for Moscow
• Oct 1956 – Hungarian demonstrations & protests• Nagy Imre became PM and started to reform –1. No Govt control of press2. Non communists allowed in parliament3. Free and fair elections4. Leave the Warsaw Pact
• The last moved was unacceptable for Khrushchev - if they left the WP then it would threaten the safety of the USSR
• These reforms made communism look bad
• 4 Nov 1956 – The Red Army returned to Hungary & killed 4000
• 200,000 fled to the West
RESULTS OF THE RISING
• Nagy was arrested and executed
• 300 protestors were executed
• Janos Kadar became Prime Minister – he abolished all of Nagy’s reforms
• NATO did nothing - No Action; Talk Only
• Communism looked brutal & cruel – thousands left the Communist party in GB