TheCountercultur

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Angela BrownChapter 31 Section 4

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Bellringer:

• Define the word counterculture and consider how the values, attitudes, and activities of young people in the 1960s were “counter” to the traditional culture.

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Counterculture

rejected most of the conventional social custom and

experimented with new forms of dress,

attitudes toward sexual relationships, and

use of drugs

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A Time of Change

• Hippies – people who were “hip” or aware of the latest styles

• Long hair, loose-fitting dresses or mini-skirts (introduced by British designer Mary Quant in 1965)

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Men’s Attire

• Men wore long hair, beards, dressed in working people clothes

• Both wore blue jeans with bell bottoms and plain cotton shirts

• Intended to look natural

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The Sexual Revolution

• Argued sex should be separate from traditional ties to family life

• More open discussion – newspaper, magazines, and books printed articles that might not have been printed a few years earlier

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Communes

• Experienced with new living patterns

• some lived together in communal groups, shared property and chores

• more simply lived together without being married

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The Drug Scene• Turned to

psychedelic drugs – powerful chemicals cause the brain to behave abnormally = hallucinations, altered perception of reality

• Use of marijuana became more widespread.

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LSD

• Proponent of psychedelic drug use – researchers Timothy Leary worked at Harvard University with Richard Alpert on chemical compound lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD

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Timothy Leary

• Both fired in 1963 for using undergraduates in experiments with LSD

• Leary preached drugs could help free the mind.

• Soldiers who did drugs in Vietnam brought them home.

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Joplin, Morrison, Hendrix

• Three leading musicians – Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, and Jimi Hendrix died of complications of drug overdoses

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• Deaths represented tragic excesses some people were driven by their reliance on drugs as an escape

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The Music World

• Music both reflected and contributed to the cultural changes.

• The Beatles, Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones, and Janis Joplin

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Woodstock• Aug 1969

Woodstock Music and Art Fair in upstate NY

• strands of counterculture came together

• 400,000 people gathered in pasture in Bethel, NY to listen to major bands of rock world

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Woodstock

• Brutal heat and rain – police choose not to enforce drug laws = crowd under control

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• Those who attended deplored the drugs , sex, nudity they saw at Woodstock festival.

• Counterculture represented rejection of morals and values

• To many seemed a childish reaction to problems of era

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Altamont• Dec. 1969 Altamont

Speedway in California 300,000 people gathered for Rolling Stones Concert

• Promoter’s failed to provide adequate security

• The band hired Hell’s Angels to keep order.

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Violence

• Cyclists beat one man to death when he ventured on stage.

• Violence of Altamont contradicted values of counterculture.

• Signaled era of “Peace and Love” would not last forever

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• Most hippies children of comfortable middle class

• when counterculture failed melted back into mainstream

• By 1980s many held executive positions in same corporations they had once denounced

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War’s Opponents

• Most believe antiwar sentiments exclusively by young and highly educated

• 1972 University of Michigan Survey study shows greatest opposition from least educated parts of the population

• 1971 deferment eliminated by Congress

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• African Americans, small town men, and working class overrepresented in war.

• Soon struggle lost meaning – simply tried to stay alive

• 1969 government instituted lottery system • All eligible men assigned a number according

to birth date = likelihood he would be called for service

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