The contribution of Italy to the higher education in environmental chemistry

A. Marcomini, Fabrizio Passarini

ICCE 2017

Session “Environmental Modelling” Oslo, 20 June 2017

Outline Inventory Methodology

Distribution of total ECTS at national and regional level

Distribution of courses in Environmental Chemistry and related courses in Italian BSc and MSc

Distribution of courses in Chemistry of Cultural Heritage and related courses in Italian BSc and MSc

Distribution of ECTS for Environmental Chemistry and Chemistry of Cultural Heritage, and related courses

List of course subjects

Conclusions

Constitution of the Italian Republic Art. 9

“The Republic promotes the development of culture and of scientific and technical research. It safeguards natural landscape and the historical and artistic heritage of the Nation.”

Art. 117

The State has exclusive legislative powers in the following subject matters: ... protection of the environment, the ecosystem and cultural heritage.

Academic status

In Italy, the Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD CHIM/12) of Environmental chemistry includes Chemistry of Cultural Heritage, within the Chemistry area (A03) in Science. In addition to the sector, there is a macrosector including Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, and Chemistry of the Environment and of Cultural Heritage. In practice, courses assigned to CHIM/12 can be taught by analytical chemists or physical chemists, and viceversa.

Methodology

The inventory has been conducted by exploring the BSc and MSc programs offered by the Italian universities and reported on the web site. Within each programme, the courses assigned to the SSD CHIM/12 were identified and recorded with the number of ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) corresponding to each course.

The courses identified according to the previous procedure have been further validated by expert judgement (e.g. checking the course subject).

The output is presented as ECTS with each ECTS corresponding to 6-10 hours of frontal teaching, depending on individual university. Each course accounts for 4 to 12 ECTS, typically 6.

Distribution of ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) by domain

[CATEGORY NAME]

[PERCENTAGE]

Cultural heritage

29 %

Medicine 4 %

Others 2 %

Total ECTS: 1736

Bachelor ECTS: 684

Master ECTS: 1052

Distribution of ECTS in the Italian University

Bachelor Master

Environmental Chemistry: number of courses (total: 181)

66

115

Bachelor

Master

University Bachelor Master University Bachelor Master Bari 1 1 Palermo 2 6

Basilicata 1 Parma 1 3 Bologna 7 6 Pavia 2 2 Brescia 1 1 Perugia 1 2 Cagliari 2 Piemonte 1 1

Campania 3 Pisa 6 3 Chieti 2 Ancona 3 2

Catania 3 Reggio Calabria 1 1 Ferrara 1 1 Roma 4 Firenze 2 7 Lecce 4 Genova 2 9 Salerno 2 2 Modena 2 4 Sassari 1 1 L'Aquila 1 3 Siena 2 6 Messina 2 Torino 1 10 Milano 6 11 Trieste 1 3

Unimore 2 3 Verona 1 Napoli 4 4 Venezia 3 6 Padova 2 3

Chemistry of Cultural Heritage: number of courses (total: 68)

24

44

Bachelor

Master

University

Bachelor

Master

University

Bachelor

Master

Bari 1 Parma 3

Basilicata 1 Pisa 1

Bologna 2 5 Roma 4 4

Cagliari 1 Lecce 1 2

Calabria 1 1 Siena 1

Firenze 1 3 Torino 1 1

Genova 2 2 Trento 1

L'Aquila 1 Viterbo 3

Milano 2 3 Udine 2

Napoli 2 Urbino 2

Padova 2 Venezia 4 4

Palermo 4

List of degrees including Environmental chemistry and related courses

[CATEGORY NAME]

[PERCENTAGE]

Chemistry Industrial and Environmental Chemistry

Environmental Science Geology

Civil Engeneering Environmental Engineering

Safety engineering Pharmaceutical Science

Biology/Ecological Science Coastal and marine biology and ecology

Earth Physics Science and Management of Climate Change

List of degrees including Chemistry of Cultural Heritage and related courses

Cultural heritage

29 %

Chemistry of Cultural Heritage

Science for the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage

History of Art and Conservation Economy and Management of Cultural Activity

Main courses courses in Science domain Course Title Bachelor Master Degree

Atmospheric Chemistry X Earth Physics Environmental analitical chemistry X Chemical Science, Env. Science, Archeology, …

Environmental chemistry X X Env. Science, Chemical Science, Industrial Chemistry, … Civil Engeneering for Env. and Energy X Civil Engeneering

Coastal and marine biology and ecology X Marine Science Environmental Science X Env. Science, Env. Engeneering

Indicator of Sustainability X Ecotoxicology and Sustainability Biodegradation processes X Chemistry Chemical oceanography X Chemistry

Environmental Monitoring X X Chemistry, Env. Science, Industrial Chemistry, … Env. Risk Management X Env. Science, Env. Biology Environmental Science X X Science for the conservation Atmospheric chemistry X Environmental Chemistry

Envirinmental Chemistry X X Natural Science Climate change and env. contamination X Master Science and Management of Climate Change

Interaction of pollutants and cultural heritage X Chemical and Material technology Environmental photochemistry X Photochemistry and Molecular Materials

Safety and Env. Monitoring X Engeneering of protection and safety, Chemistry Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage X X Architectural

Environmental safety X Technology for the occupational safety Water pollution and waste managment X Technology for population and health and wealth

Waste Tratment X Ecotoxicology and Sustainability

Main courses in Cultural Heritage domain

Course Title Bachelor Master Degree Chemistry of cultural heritage X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage

Chemical methods for examination of cultural heritage X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage Chemical restoration X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage

Air pollutant chemistry X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage Restoration chemistry X X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage

Organic chemistry for cultural heritage X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage Spectrometric methods apply to cultural heritage X Material Science, Science for the conservation

Phisical-chemistry for cultural heritage X Science for the conservation Analitical Chemistry X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage

Analitical methods for the env. degradation of cultural heritage X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage Science and engineering for conservation of cultural heritage X Architecture

Envirinmental chemistry X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage Chromatographic techniques for cultural heritage X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage

Electrochemistry applied to cultural heritage X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage Materials for contempory art X Science for the conservation - restoration of cultural heritage

Open issues

Budgeting the number of students attending the courses listed in the previous tables/figs

Distinguishing courses according to mandatory vs free of choice courses

Improving the definition of the subjects especially for multidisciplinary courses (e.g. environmental quality assessment, environmental monitoring, assessment and management of environmental risk)

Identifying the academic area (Chemistry, Biology, etc.), and sector (CHIM/12, CHIM/01, CHIM/02, etc.) delivering the course

Extending the survey to Ph.D. courses

Conclusions

Ubiquitous distribution in Italy of Environmental Chemistry and Chemistry of Cultural Heritage, and related courses, in BSc and MSc

Overall, the number of courses in MSc is by far higher than in BSc

An increasing number of courses are highly multidisciplinary need to expand the capability of environmental chemists to address and to include topics such as environmental impact assessment, environmental risk assessment and management, environmental sustainability, etc..

In Italy, continued effort to support Chemistry of Cultural Heritage.