The ConstitutionThe Constitution

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

COULDCOULD

Make lawsMake laws Control militaryControl military Organize treatiesOrganize treaties

COULD NOTCOULD NOT TaxTax Enforce lawsEnforce laws Regulate tradeRegulate trade Establish national Establish national

courtscourts Control money Control money

supplysupply No single authorityNo single authority

Unicameral legislature where each state had one vote.Unicameral legislature where each state had one vote.

Federal system: Power is divided between Federal system: Power is divided between national and state governments.national and state governments.

What is one limitation on the What is one limitation on the political rights of legal aliens?political rights of legal aliens?A.A. They may not attend public schools.They may not attend public schools.B.B. They are not entitled to legal They are not entitled to legal

protection.protection.C.C. They may not serve on juries.They may not serve on juries.D.D. They may not own property. They may not own property.

What is the government most What is the government most likely to use to keep track of likely to use to keep track of inflation?inflation?A.A. Unemployment rateUnemployment rateB.B. Civilian labor forceCivilian labor forceC.C. Consumer price indexConsumer price indexD.D. Stock marketStock market

AOC AccomplishmentsAOC Accomplishments Ordinance of 1785 – system of Ordinance of 1785 – system of

surveying land and established surveying land and established townshipstownships IN, OH, MI, WI, ILIN, OH, MI, WI, IL

Northwest Ordinance – method for Northwest Ordinance – method for governing new territories and governing new territories and admittance into the Union.admittance into the Union. No slavery in these statesNo slavery in these states

Ordinance of 1785 &Ordinance of 1785 &NW Ordinance NW Ordinance

The End of the AOCThe End of the AOC The Articles proved to be too weak The Articles proved to be too weak

for the country.for the country. 9 out of 13 had to approve laws. 9 out of 13 had to approve laws. 13 out of 13 had to approve for any 13 out of 13 had to approve for any

amendments.amendments. Shay’s rebellion: A group of farmers Shay’s rebellion: A group of farmers

in Massachusetts were in debt in Massachusetts were in debt because of heavy state taxes. 1200 because of heavy state taxes. 1200 rebelled but were defeated.rebelled but were defeated.

Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion

On what were more than half of the On what were more than half of the delegates at the 2delegates at the 2ndnd Continental Continental Congress able to agree?Congress able to agree?

A.A. That British control over the That British control over the colonies was too weak colonies was too weak

B.B. That the colonies must break away That the colonies must break away from Britainfrom Britain

C.C. That King George III deserved the That King George III deserved the loyalty of the coloniesloyalty of the colonies

D.D. That the colonies could not win a That the colonies could not win a war against Britainwar against Britain

Which term is used to describe the Which term is used to describe the extent to which a change in price extent to which a change in price causes a change in the quantity causes a change in the quantity

demanded?demanded? Supply elasticity Supply elasticity Marginal utility Marginal utility Diminishing returnsDiminishing returns Demand elasticity Demand elasticity

Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention May 25, 1787 55 delegates from 12 states May 25, 1787 55 delegates from 12 states

met in Philadelphia.met in Philadelphia. The purpose of the meeting was to revise The purpose of the meeting was to revise

the Articles of Confederation.the Articles of Confederation. The delegates agreed on four things:The delegates agreed on four things:

1. Throw out the articles.1. Throw out the articles.2. Each state had one vote regardless on 2. Each state had one vote regardless on the amount of delegates.the amount of delegates.3. Keep it secret for 25 years.3. Keep it secret for 25 years.4. George Washington would be in charge.4. George Washington would be in charge.

Independence HallIndependence Hall

Which of the following is Which of the following is notnot a a true statement about the power true statement about the power of Congress under the AOC?of Congress under the AOC?

A.A. Congress was unable to regulate Congress was unable to regulate tradetrade

B.B. Congress could not pass laws w/o the Congress could not pass laws w/o the approval of 9 statesapproval of 9 states

C.C. Congress collected taxes 4 times a Congress collected taxes 4 times a yearyear

D.D. Congress had difficulty enforcing its Congress had difficulty enforcing its lawslaws

What key activity does this What key activity does this map depict?map depict?A. Middle PassageB. Trans-Saharan

Slave TradeC. Triangle Trade

RouteD. Trans-Atlantic

Slave Trade

PlansPlansPLAN AUTHOR DESCRIPTION

Virginia JamesMadison

1. Bicameral legislature based on population.

2. Strong Executive Branch3. National Court System

New Jersey

WilliamPatterson

1. Unicameral legislature with equal representation.

2. Strong Executive Branch3. National Court system

Connecticutor Great

Roger Sherman

1. Bicameral legislature: Upper house equal and lower house based on population.

2. Strong Executive Branch3. National Court system

Virginia PlanVirginia Plan

New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan

CompromisesCompromisesCompromise Details

Great Bicameral legislature: Upper: Equal (Senate) Lower: Based on population (House of

Rep)Three-Fifths One slave equals three-fifths of a person for

the purposes of taxation and representation.

Slave Trade Congress can control all aspects of foreign and interstate trade, but they can not stop the slave trade until it is re-addressed in twenty years.

Executive The Executive branch will be lead by one individual called “President” and will be elected every four years by the Electoral College.

RatificationRatification Nine out of 13 states had to ratify the Constitution.Nine out of 13 states had to ratify the Constitution. It was signed by the delegates on September 17, It was signed by the delegates on September 17,

1787.1787. Federalists supported the Constitution. They wrote Federalists supported the Constitution. They wrote

a series of essays called the Federalist papers that a series of essays called the Federalist papers that were published in newspapers across the country. were published in newspapers across the country. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay were the writers defending the Constitution.were the writers defending the Constitution.

Anti-federalists were those that opposed the Anti-federalists were those that opposed the Constitution. That felt that too much power was Constitution. That felt that too much power was given to the National government. They wanted a given to the National government. They wanted a bill of rights.bill of rights.

June 21, 1788 New Hampshire became the ninth June 21, 1788 New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution. Rhode Island was state to ratify the Constitution. Rhode Island was the 13th state to ratify it in 1790.the 13th state to ratify it in 1790. North Carolina was 12thNorth Carolina was 12th

The FederalistThe Federalist Federalist, No. 10 Federalist, No. 10

by James Madisonby James Madison

““A Republic, by A Republic, by which I mean a which I mean a Government in Government in which the scheme of which the scheme of representation takes representation takes place . . . Promises place . . . Promises the cure for which the cure for which we are seeking. . . “we are seeking. . . “

Writers of the Federalist PapersWriters of the Federalist Papers

James MadisonFather of the

Constitution & 4th President of the USA John Jay

1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Alexander Hamilton1st Secretary of Treasury

During the Revolutionary period, colonial During the Revolutionary period, colonial boycotts of British goods were effective boycotts of British goods were effective measures of protest because theymeasures of protest because they

A. Reduced the profits of British merchants

B. Lowered the cost of importsC. Convinced British merchants to join

the Loyalist causeD. Left British troops short of food and

weapons in the colonies

ConstitutionConstitution Supreme law of the Supreme law of the

land.land. Provides the Provides the

framework for framework for government in the government in the United States.United States.

All powers of each All powers of each branch of branch of government are in government are in the Constitution.the Constitution.

Constitution BreakdownConstitution Breakdown1. Preamble1. Preamble2. Seven Articles:2. Seven Articles:

I. Legislative BranchI. Legislative BranchII. Executive BranchII. Executive BranchIII. Judicial BranchIII. Judicial BranchIV. Relations among statesIV. Relations among statesV. Amending processV. Amending process

VI. National SupremacyVI. National SupremacyVII. Ratification processVII. Ratification process

3. Twenty-seven amendments3. Twenty-seven amendments

Article ActivityArticle Activity You will be put into 7 different groups You will be put into 7 different groups

and each group will be assigned an and each group will be assigned an article. After reading each article out article. After reading each article out loud as a group, you first need to loud as a group, you first need to answer the questions that go with answer the questions that go with your article. You will then draw a your article. You will then draw a picture that represents that article. picture that represents that article. This will be presented in front of the This will be presented in front of the class. Be creative on the picture!class. Be creative on the picture!

Five Basic PrinciplesFive Basic Principles The Constitution was designed on The Constitution was designed on

five five basic principles:basic principles: Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty Limited Government – Rule of LawLimited Government – Rule of Law Separation of powersSeparation of powers FederalismFederalism Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty The right of the people to rule The right of the people to rule

themselves (vote).themselves (vote). Voters elect representatives and Voters elect representatives and

through the Electoral College, they through the Electoral College, they elect a president.elect a president.

The president and representatives The president and representatives are there to serve the people.are there to serve the people.

Which of the following was Which of the following was notnot something accepted by something accepted by delegates of the Constitutional delegates of the Constitutional Convention?Convention?A.A. 3/5ths Compromise3/5ths CompromiseB.B. Electoral CollegeElectoral CollegeC.C. Great CompromiseGreat CompromiseD.D. New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan

Limited GovernmentLimited Government A danger is that the majority may A danger is that the majority may

deny rights to the minority.deny rights to the minority. The Constitution protects the rights The Constitution protects the rights

of all Americans.of all Americans. The Bill of Rights was added later to The Bill of Rights was added later to

secure the rights of the people.secure the rights of the people. Rule of Law – no one is above the lawRule of Law – no one is above the law

According to the Virginia Plan, According to the Virginia Plan, which of the following which of the following determined representation?determined representation?A.A. PopulationPopulationB.B. SizeSizeC.C. InfluenceInfluenceD.D. LocationLocation

Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers Baron de Montesquieu believed that Baron de Montesquieu believed that

executive, legislative, and judicial executive, legislative, and judicial powers should be separated.powers should be separated. Abuse of power can occur when 1 group Abuse of power can occur when 1 group

holds to much power. holds to much power. The Constitution separates powers The Constitution separates powers

and incorporates a system of checks and incorporates a system of checks and balances.and balances.

Why did the Anti-Federalists Why did the Anti-Federalists object to the Constitution?object to the Constitution?A.A. They felt it gave too much power to They felt it gave too much power to

the national governmentthe national governmentB.B. They felt it gave too much power to They felt it gave too much power to

independent citizensindependent citizensC.C. They felt it gave too much power to They felt it gave too much power to

larger stateslarger statesD.D. They felt it gave too much power to They felt it gave too much power to

foreign governmentsforeign governments

FederalismFederalism National government shares power with National government shares power with

the states.the states. This gives Americans freedom to provide This gives Americans freedom to provide

for their own needs.for their own needs. The main reason is sectional differences.The main reason is sectional differences. Types of Power:Types of Power:

Enumerated: Powers given to the national Enumerated: Powers given to the national government. Can be expressed or implied government. Can be expressed or implied (Elastic clause).(Elastic clause).

Reserved: Powers given to the state Reserved: Powers given to the state governments.governments.

Concurrent: Powers shared between national Concurrent: Powers shared between national and state.and state.

New FederalismNew Federalism Recently shift of some Recently shift of some

programs/authority for decision-programs/authority for decision-making on the implementation of the making on the implementation of the programs back to the state and local programs back to the state and local governments. governments.

Started with President Nixon and Started with President Nixon and continued with President Reagancontinued with President Reagan

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances The powers of the government are The powers of the government are

divided into three branches:divided into three branches: Legislative: Congress (House of Reps. Legislative: Congress (House of Reps.

And Senate) Make lawsAnd Senate) Make laws Executive: President. Enforce laws.Executive: President. Enforce laws. Judicial: Supreme Court. Interpret laws.Judicial: Supreme Court. Interpret laws.

The system of checks and balances The system of checks and balances keeps one branch of government keeps one branch of government from becoming too powerful.from becoming too powerful. Diagram on page 88Diagram on page 88

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

What is the cartoon saying about What is the cartoon saying about Checks and Balances during the Checks and Balances during the

Bush Administration?Bush Administration?

Amending ProcessAmending Process Process to formally change the Constitution.Process to formally change the Constitution. An amendment must be proposed and An amendment must be proposed and

ratified.ratified. An amendment can be proposed by a 2/3 An amendment can be proposed by a 2/3

vote from both houses of Congress or by a vote from both houses of Congress or by a national convention called by 2/3 of the national convention called by 2/3 of the state legislatures. The national convention state legislatures. The national convention has never occurred.has never occurred.

An amendment can be ratified by the An amendment can be ratified by the approval of ¾ of the state legislatures or by approval of ¾ of the state legislatures or by special ratifying conventions that pass in ¾ special ratifying conventions that pass in ¾ of the states. The ratifying convention has of the states. The ratifying convention has occurred only once.occurred only once.

Which of the following is an Which of the following is an example of the system of checks example of the system of checks and balances?and balances?A.A. Legislative branch can appoint judges.Legislative branch can appoint judges.B.B. Executive branch can veto legislation. Executive branch can veto legislation. C.C. Judicial branch can impeach the Judicial branch can impeach the

president.president.D.D. Executive branch can overturn judicial Executive branch can overturn judicial

verdicts. verdicts.

InterpretationInterpretation Loose interpretation: Congress can Loose interpretation: Congress can

make any law that the Constitution make any law that the Constitution does not specifically forbid.does not specifically forbid.

Strict interpretation: Congress can Strict interpretation: Congress can only make laws that the Constitution only make laws that the Constitution gives them direct authority over.gives them direct authority over.

The Supreme Court interprets the The Supreme Court interprets the Constitution and can declare laws Constitution and can declare laws unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

Which of the following is one of Which of the following is one of the 2 ways that an amendment the 2 ways that an amendment can be proposed?can be proposed? A.A. By an unanimous vote of the By an unanimous vote of the

members of the House of members of the House of RepresentativesRepresentatives

B.B. By a vote of 2/3rds of the members By a vote of 2/3rds of the members of both houses of Congressof both houses of Congress

C.C. By a majority vote of the members By a majority vote of the members of the Senateof the Senate

D.D. By a joint decision of the president By a joint decision of the president and the VPand the VP