The common good as an invisible hand: Machiavelli’s legacy to public management

7/23/2019 The common good as an invisible hand: Machiavelli’s legacy to public management

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! B‛^BB"-Bm{zbzuzbom{ h|e meke{{h|r h{ ejukhzo|{ oc kbsbk shaue{ hmj zo {u{zhbm zne tu|{ubz oc znebjeha oc zne òoj {okbezr pnem zno{e shaue{ h|e mo aomè| habse pbznbm zne {tb|bz oc zne aehje| hmj pbznbm zne teotae- „Zne Teotae‒ . totoao" omar e~b{z h{ h toabzbkhaar eju&khzej fh{{ umje| zne aehje|{nbt oc h T|bmke! h fhm oc |h|e l|hbm hmj hm huzno|bzrjejbkhzej zo lubajbm` zne koffom òoj! fozbshzej lr fo|ha sb|zue! esem bc ‚ hmj bzb{ zne fo{z koffomar fb{bmze|t|ezej ae`hkr oc Fhknbhseaab ‚ ne b{ fosej lr nb{mhzu|ha {eacb{n je{b|e zo hkxub|e ào|r bm nb{zo|r-

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\oknez Fhknbhseaab‒{ ae`hkr hmj zne koffom òoj :22



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Zo {uf ut7 „zne koffom òoj kom{b{z{ bm h t|ekh|bou{ nh|fomr lezpeem zneòoj oc zne fhmr hmj zne òoj oc zne `|ehz‒ .[z|hu{{! 825>7 <08"- Znb{ nh|fomr khmomar le `|hmzej bm h „peaa&o|je|ej‒ .leme o|jbmhzh" |etulabk lh{ej om h jrmhfbkbmze|hkzbom lezpeem bm{zbzuzbom{ hmj kbzbwem{- Bm nb{ Nb{zo|r oc Cao|emke! Fhknbhseaabkaeh|ar otto{e{ zne zufuaz{ znhz htteh|ej bm \ofe hmj bm Cao|emke7 bm Cao|emke! toabzb&kha bm{zhlbabzr ph{ |oozej bm zne cb`nz lezpeem |uabm` kah{{ chkzbom{ znhz aej zo knho{znhz ph{ jbcce|emz c|of |eha kah{{ bmze|e{z{- Bm \ofe! om zne komz|h|r! toabzbkha komcabkz{|ecaekzej |eha kah{{ komcabkz{ znhz h|e meke{{h|r zo zne sbzhabzr oc h |etulabk- Je{tbze nb{bmchzuhzbom pbzn toabzbkha {zhlbabzr! Fhknbhseaab leabesej bm zne k|ehzbse to{{blbabzbe{ oc kah{{ komcabkz{ znhz ne kom{bje|ej zo le hm bffuzhlae knh|hkze|b{zbk oc |etulabkhmtoabzbkha abce .L|ujmer! 82>:"- Znb{ komcabkz ph{ bm{zbzuzbomhabwej bm \ofe pbzn znek|ehzbom oc zne Z|blume{! pnbkn fhje h tahke co| zne totuah| th|z oc zne òse|mfemzt|osbm` lemecbkbha zo zne {z|em`zn hmj zne {zhlbabzr oc zne |etulabk .Jb{kou|{e{ 8-:-87<4:"-< Fhknbhseaab b{ xubze |hjbkha! lozn bm ou| zbfe hmj bm 83zn&kemzu|r Cao|emke7

B {hr znhz zno{e pno komjefm zne jb{{em{bom lezpeem zne molbabzr hmj zne teotae{eef zo fe cbmjbm` chuaz pbzn pnhz h{ h cb|{z kou|{e ietz \ofe c|ee! hmj zo lekom{bje|bm` xuh||ea{ hmj zne mob{e znhz |e{uazej c|of zne{e jb{{em{bom{ |hzne| znhmzne òoj eccekz zner l|ou`nz hlouz! zner h|e moz kom{bje|bm` znhz! bm ese|r |etulabk

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tuz bz .82:37 85;"! Zne T|bmke b{ mebzne| fo|ha mo| bffo|ha7 bz je{k|ble{ znbm`{ h{ znerh|e- Fhknbhseaab phmz{ zne tope| zo le eccekzbse- Luz! coaaopbm` Aeco|z‒{ bmze|t|ezhzbom.820<7 <4<"! Kh{{b|e| chba{ bm |ehjbm` Fhknbhseaab h{ Fhknbhseaab |ehj Absr o| H|b{zozae7ne t|ezemj{ zo nhse hm umlbh{ej hmj zbfeae{{ sbep oc nb{ znou`nz hmj |ehkne{ znekomkau{bom znhz Fhknbhseaab bmsemz{ zne {zhze h{ bmjetemjemz oc hmr ibmj oc |eab`bomhmj fezhtnr{bkha kom{bje|hzbom- Znb{ komkau{bom b{ hz zne o|b`bm oc Aeo [z|hu{{ „{ |ehj&bm` oc Fhknbhseaab-:

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544 Bmze|mhzbomha \esbep oc Hjfbmb{z|hzbse [kbemke{ 0:.;"



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.L|umezzo Ahzbmb! Gehm je Sbze|le! Fh|{bàbo jh Thjosh! Znoffh{o j‒Hxubmo! ezk-"-5

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Luz! leromj hmr joulz! Fhknbhseaabhm bmmoshzbom b{! hkko|jbm` zo Xuemzbm [ibmme|.8224! <448"! zne k|ehzbom oc zne sbse|e toabzbko- Bm zne H|b{zozeabhm toabzbkha tnbao{o&tnr! sb|zue b{ zne {ut|efe emj oc fhm znhz pbaa le hknbesej zn|ou`n kbsbk hkzbsbzr! znesbse|e kbsbae- Zne Fhknbhseaabhm sbse|e toabzbko b{ moz hm eznbkha emj luz h fehm{ zojecemj kbsbk able|zr hmj zne fuazbtae emj{ oc bmjbsbjuha{ {o h{ zo fhbmzhbm zne {zhlbabzroc zne {zhze bm h z|oulaej te|boj chso|hlae zo zne jekhr oc h |etulabk-3

Bm zne komze~z oc h knhm`bm` po|aj! toabzbkha ol{e|se|{ pe|e jb{httobmzej!hkimopaej`bm` zneb| bmhlbabzr zo co|e{ee zne kou|{e oc esemz{ .Aezze| zo Sezzo|b! 2 Ht|ba858;"- Aoub{ ^BB! zne Ibm` oc C|hmke! chbaej bm nb{ Bzhabhm emjehso|! lebm` zne sbkzbf oc umke|zhbmzr- [o! toabzbk{ meej{ h t|oce{{bomha t|hkzbke znhz pbaa cbz umke|zhbmzr7 toabzbk{lekofe{ hm h|ze jeaao {zhzo ‚ oc pnbkn Fhknbhseaab jekah|e{ bz ph{ nb{ umbxue

okkuthzbom ‚ hm o|`hmbwej t|oce{{bom {bfbah| zo zne Cao|emzbme o|`hmbwhzbom oc pooapehse|{! a‒h|ze jeaah ahmh .aezze| zo Sezzo|b! 84 Jekefle| 858;"- Bm Fhknbhseaab‒{|etulabkhmb{f! zne {zhze e~b{z{ h{ hm emj bm bz{eac luz komzbmue{ znhmi{ zo kbsba able|zrhmj zne hkzbse th|zbkbthzbom oc zne teotae7 zne|e b{ h kaeh| ko&esoauzbom lezpeem zne{z|em`zn oc zne {zhze hmj kbsbk hkzbsbzr! zne sbse|e toabzbko-

Sb|zò! co|zumh! ko||utzbo7 zne Fhknbhseaabhm fofemz

Fhknbhseaab jecbme{ zn|ee komketz{ znhz baaufbmhze zne lh{bk{ bm fhmh`bm` tulabkhcchb|{7 co|zumh! o| umke|zhbmzr! sb|zò! o| zne haabhmke oc kbsbk sb|zue hmj zne meke{{h|r{z|em`zn zo {u{zhbm hmj emco|ke h toabzbkha {r{zef! hmj ko||utzbo! pnbkn b{ zne jb{&htteh|hmke oc kbsbk shaue{ chkej pbzn zne umke|zhbmzr oc zne co|zumh- Bm Fhknbhseaab‒{po|j{! ko||utzbo joe{ moz nhse zne foje|m uzbabzh|bhm fehmbm` .b-e- fhze|bha ko||ut&

zbom znhz bfteje{ zne chb| jb{z|bluzbom oc komz|hkz{" luz zne ao{{ oc kbsbk shaue{ znhz pbaate|fhmemzar |ekom{z|ukz zne bjeha oc zne koffom peha chkej pbzn zne h{{huaz{ oc zneco|zumh- Co|zumh te|fhmemzar zn|ehzem{ zne exubabl|buf oc zne |etulabk- Zne cuzu|e oc zne |etulabk jetemj{ om zne sbzhabzr oc toabzbkha abce! zne sbzh hkzbsh! hmj zne {nh|bm` oc kbsbk shaue{ hfom` kbzbwem{-

Zne {z|omè| zne kbsbk shaue{! zne aope| zne z|hm{hkzbom ko{z{ abmiej zo zne emco|ke&femz oc bm{zbzuzbom{- H{ Tokoki .<44;" tobmz{ ouz! zne|e h|e! bm zne jeseaotfemz oc {okbezbe{! Fhknbhseaabhm fofemz{ znhz h|e zne `hzne|bm` oc zne{e zn|ee komjbzbom{ ‚sb|zò oc zne aehje|! zne {nh|bm` oc kbsbk shaue{ hfom` kbzbwem{ znhz fhie{ ese|r sb|zue

\oknez Fhknbhseaab‒{ ae`hkr hmj zne koffom òoj 548



|ebmco|kej lr ozne|{! hmj khthkbzr zo chke ko||utzbo ‚ pnbkn haaop h |etulabk zo e~b{zhmj! bm chkz! hkz h{ hm bmsb{blae nhmj- Zne{e Fhknbhseaabhm fofemz{ h|e moz te|fh&memz! hmj {okbezbe{ |b{e hmj chaa hkko|jbm` zo zneb| hlbabzr zo |e{b{z zne h{{huaz{ oc co|zumh! znhz b{! zne {z|em`zn oc kbsbk shaue{ zo |e{b{z ko||utzbo- Fhknbhseaab‒{ bmmoshzbomb{ nhsbm` c|eej sb|zò bm hkzbom c|of Kn|b{zbhm eznbk{- Hkzbom znhz po|i{ b{ sb|zuou{7eznbk{ fu{z le komke|mej pbzn zne emj! zne koffom òoj hmj le jb{gobmzej c|ofzne fehm{- Nb{ komketzbom oc sb|zò b{ hibm zo zne @|eei fezb{ .bmzubzbom" hmj t|hkzbkhapbz o| t|ujemke! tn|ome{b{ .@hbaae&Mbiojbfos hmj Fâmb{{be|! <4437 <32"- H |uae| b{{ubzej co| occbke! om Fhknbhseaab‒{ hkkoumz! pno b{ khthlae oc sh|rbm` nb{ komjukz c|ofòoj zo esba hmj lhki h`hbm „h{ co|zume hmj kb|kuf{zhmke{ jbkzhze‒ .Tokoki! <44;"-Zne t|bmke b{ emjopej pbzn sb|zò h{ zne ph||bo| b{ pbzn fezb{7 lozn imop nop zo zu|mkb|kuf{zhmke{ zo zneb| hjshmzhè-

Zne sb|zuou{ |etulabkhm aehje| hmj zne teotae oc kbzbwem{

Fhknbhseaab `bse{ u{ zne bfto|zhmz cehzu|e{ oc pnhz h |etulabkhm aehje| fu{z le7 cb|{zoc haa! hm h|knbzekz- Zne coumjhzbom{ oc zne kbzr fu{z le {oabj! bm zne bm{zbzuzbomha cbeajh{ peaa h{ zne tnr{bkha cbeaj! `bsbm` bmkemzbse{ zo sb|zuou{ lenhsbo|7 Fhknbhseaab|ekoffemj{ lubajbm` jhf{ hmj khmha{ zo cb`nz je{z|orbm` caooj{- [ekomj! ne imop{nop zo lubaj bm{zbzuzbom{ htt|ot|bhze zo zne th|zbkuah| ezno{ oc zne kbzbwem{ hmj joe{moz {eh|kn co| zne co|f oc zne le{z toabzbkha |e`bfe- Ne b{ komke|mej pbzn zne komzemzoc bm{zbzuzbom{ hmj moz pbzn zne co|f ‚ h{ zne kah{{bk{ pe|e- Znb|j! ne b{ h tnr{bkbhmpno moz omar ku|e{! luz ha{o t|bmkbthaar t|esemz{ ko||utzbom lr hjhtzbm` zne bm{zbzu&zbom{- Ne fu{z hmzbkbthze zne kofbm` oc h lhj co|zumh {o h{ zo |ebmco|ke nb{ sb|zò- Znejbh`mo{zbk b{ kh{e {tekbcbk hkko|jbm` zo kb|kuf{zhmke{! {o h{ zo chkbabzhze hjhtzbse

bm{zbzuzbomha khthkbzbe{-Zo hsobj zne kom{zbzuzbom oc se{zej bmze|e{z{! zne aehje| fu{z kofe c|of zne

teotae h{ Fhknbhseaab baau{z|hze{ bm nb{ Abce oc Kh{z|ukkbo Kh{z|hkhmb .85<4"! hmj tul&abk {e|shmz{ fu{z |ozhze {o h{ zo exubabl|hze zne koffom òoj oc zne cep pbzn znekoffom òoj oc zne fhmr zn|ou`n jb|ekz kbsbk hkzbsbzr- Ne joe{ moz phmz zo lubaj hte|cekz |e`bfe oc {okbha nh|fomr! luz kom{bje|{ znhz zne cb`nz lezpeem {okbha kah{{e{hmj jbse|`bm` bmze|e{z{ b{ mo|fha hmj t|ooc oc hm hkzbse kbsbk abce znhz pbaa fhie znekoffom òoj oc zne fhmr z|buftn ose| zne t|bshze òoj oc zne tope|cua .@hbaae&Mbiojbfos hmj Fâmb{{be|! <4437 <0:"- Bm mo|fha zbfe{! komcabkz{ h|e meke{{h|r h{ th|zoc zne sbse|e toabzbko- Zner jo moz emjhmè| zne {zhze luz |ebmco|ke bz! {bmke mo |etul&abk khm e~b{z pbznouz th{{bom{ hmj zneb| o|`hmbwej e~t|e{{bom- Zne |emepha oc kbsbksb|zue zn|ou`n komcabkz{ ème|hze{ h jrmhfbk exubabl|buf jb{zbmkz c|of hm bfto{ej

t|bmkear o|je|7mo| khm h \etulabk bm hmr phr pbzn |eh{om le khaaej jb{o|je|ej pne|e zne|e h|e {ofhmr e~hftae{ oc sb|zò! co| òoj e~hftae{ |e{uaz c|of òoj ejukhzbom! òojejukhzbom c|of òoj ahp{! hmj òoj ahp{ c|of zno{e zufuaz{ pnbkn fhmrbmkom{bje|hzear komjefm9 co| ne pno e~hfbme{ peaa zne |e{uaz oc zne{e! pbaa moz cbmjznhz zner nhse l|ou`nz co|zn hmr e~bae o| sboaemke t|egujbkbha zo zne koffom òoj!luz ahp{ hmj bm{zbzuzbom{ bm lemecbz oc tulabk able|zr- .Jb{kou|{e{! B! :"

Bm komzefto|h|r ze|f{! Fhknbhseaab‒{ |etulabkhmb{f leaom`{ kaeh|ar zo pnhz [b| B{hïhnLe|abm nh{ .me`hzbsear" kobmej „to{bzbse able|zr‒! h{ otto{ej zo „me`hzbse able|zr‒ hjso&

54< Bmze|mhzbomha \esbep oc Hjfbmb{z|hzbse [kbemke{ 0:.;"



khzej lr zne able|ha {zhmke {bmke Nolle{ hmj e{{emzbhaar {bmke Aokie7 able|zr kom{b{z{bm hsobjbm` hmr nbmj|hmke zo bmjbsbjuha c|eejof om zne th|z oc zne {zhze- Om znekomz|h|r! to{bzbse able|zr b{ zne khthkbzr zo hkz te|{omhaar zo t|ojuke {ulgekzbse hmjkoaaekzbse |b`nz{- Zne|e b{ h kommekzbom lezpeem zne koffom òoj hmj te|{omhaable|zr! h{ [ibmme| .822<" tuz{ bz! otto{bm` Fhknbhseaab zo Gonm \hpa{ pno{e Zneo|r

oc Gu{zbke omar kom{bje|{ bmjbsbjuha{ |b`nz{! |egekzbm` o|`hmbwbm` koote|hzbom hmj kbsbkabce h{ hm umjue lu|jem co| zne {zhze-

Zne jrmhfbk{ oc knhmè

Luz zne fo{z mozbkehlae bmmoshzbom oc Fhknbhseaab b{ nhsbm` bmz|ojukej knhmè bmzozne jrmhfbk{ oc |etulabkhm abce7 zne te|cekz |etulabk .|etullabkh te|cezzh" b{ hlae zofojbcr bz{ bm{zbzuzbom{ pnem chkej pbzn jb{|utzbse fuzhzbom{- Ahp lekofe{ bmeccek&zbse hmj meej{ zo le |ebm{zbzuzej! esem! bm zne kh{e oc h fhgo| k|b{b{! lr httehabm` zo ht|osb{bomha jbkzhzo| .b-e- h mep T|bmke hkzbm` h{ h coumjbm` chzne|" ‚ h{ jbj zne \ofhm|etulabk ‚ zo |ecoumj zne |etulabkhm bm{zbzuzbom{-

Pe fhr |ehj Fhknbhseaab h{ h toabzbkha tnbao{otne| ‚ haznou`n ne kom{bje|ejnbf{eac fo|e h t|hkzbzbome| znhm h tnbao{otne|0 ‚ pno bmzemjej zo |ekomkbae zneae`hkr oc kah{{bkha tnbao{otnr .zne H|b{zozeabhm hmj [ok|hzbk h{tb|hzbom co| zne ̀ ooj abce!

gu{zbke hmj zne òoj {okbezr |uaej lr òoj ahp{" ‚ pbzn lebm` eccekzbse bm zne knhm`&bm` hmj zu|luaemz po|aj oc zne Bzhabhm \emhb{{hmke hmj zne le`bmmbm` oc hm bmju{z|bhae|h {ez bm fozbom lr zeknmoao`bkha bmmoshzbom hmj zne jefb{e oc zne kah{{bk{„ bjeha oc zne {zhlae po|aj- H{ E|bk Soeèabm .822>" tuz bz! Bzhar e~te|bemkej fhmr jb{|utzbom{ bmFhknbhseaab‒{ zbfe7 zne e~thm{bom oc zne Fomòa{ pe{zph|j hmj zne C|emkn bmsh{bombm 8:2:- Lebm` zne kemze| oc zne bmzeaaekzuha abce oc bz{ zbfe! Bzhar ph{ moz hlae zo umje|&

{zhmj zne {bzuhzbom- Bz ph{ mo aomè| to{{blae zo utnoaj zne sbep oc h ome&phr jesea&otfemz oc nb{zo|r h{ {ez ut lr zne Huù{zbmbhm fojea- Fhknbhseaab zu|m{ zo \ofhmnb{zo|r {bmke ne b{ kom{kbou{ oc znb{ bmeccekzbseme{{! hmj {nej{ ab`nz om zne mom&abmeh|bzroc nb{zo|r! zne t|olaef oc krkae{! te|boj{ oc ̀ |opzn hmj jekhr znhz Soeèabm khaa{ „znekou|{e oc mhzbomha nb{zo|r‒ .zojhr esoauzbomh|r zneo|b{z{ pouaj khaa znb{ h tnemofemomoc „thzn jetemjemkr‒9 Mea{om hmj Pbmze|! 82><"- „Bm {o jobm` Fhknbhseaab hmzbkbthze{{tekuahzbom om nb{zo|bkha krkae{! zne ko|{b hmj |bko{b oc Sbko! Ejph|j Fere|! [temàe|!Zormlee hmj! bftabkbzar! oc Soeèabm nbf{eac‒ .Fouahib{! <445"-

Kah{{bkha toabzbkha tnbao{otnr! h{ zneo|bwej lr H|b{zozae! |egekzej bmmoshzbom hmjknhmè! lh{ej om zne h{{uftzbom znhz abce bm {okbezr ph{ h we|o&{uf `hfe hmj znhzbftose|b{nbm` h th|z oc zne {okbezr ph{ h meke{{h|r j|hplhki zo k|ehzbm` pehazn-Fhknbhseaab bmz|ojukej knhmè hmj zu|luaemke bmzo zne [ok|hzbk t|ogekz oc lubajbm` h

òoj {okbezr- Toabzbkha komcabkz{ hmj zu|luaemke h|e meke{{h|r zo chke ut zo umke|zhbmzrhmj knhmè- Kbsbk shaue{! lozn hfom` zne teotae hmj zne aehje|! h{ peaa h{ zne xuha&bzr oc kbsbk abce! h|e zne bmsb{blae nhmj znhz fhr haaop zne {r{zef zo cbmj bz{ exubabl|bufhmj |ekom{z|ukz bz{ |e{babemke pnem chkej pbzn umke|zhbmzr-

Nop |eaeshmz h|e Fhknbhseaab‒{ ae{{om{ zojhr?

Fhknbhseaab‒{ ae`hkr nh{ leem e|h{ej lr zne bjeoao`r oc „Fhknbhseaab{f‒ znhz ph{ lo|mpbzn zne |eab`bou{ ph|{- Znb{ bjeoao`r b{ um|eahzej zo zne |eha po|i{ oc Fhknbhseaabpno! h{ Aeco|z tuz bz! htteh| zo le zne sbkzbf oc h zbfe pnem zne cb|e oc |eab`bou{

\oknez Fhknbhseaab‒{ ae`hkr hmj zne koffom òoj 54;



bmzoae|hmke kom{ufe{ haa zne po|i{ oc znou`nz hmj |ekahbf{ ke|zhbmzbe{ lh{ej om chbzn.Aeco|z! 82>37 B"- Zne fhibm` oc znb{ bjeoao`r le`bm{ pbzn Bmmokemz @emzbaaez „HmzbFhknbhseaab‒> pno h{{bfbahze{ Fhknbhseaab‒{ ae`hkr zo zne [hbmz Lh|znâaefr fh{{hk|eoc zne Nuùemoz{ lr zne Fejbkb{ pnem zner |uaej zne kou|z oc zne Ibm`jof oc C|hmke- Om zne Khznoabk {bje! @boshmmb Loze|o2 komjefmej Fhknbhseaab‒{ hlhmjom&femz oc Kn|b{zbhm eznbk{ pnem kom{bje|bm` zne fehm{ oc toabzbkha hkzbom9 pnbae lebm`zne |eha zneo|ezbkbhm oc zne |hb{om j‒ezhz komz|h|r zo Lojbm‒{ {ose|eb`mzr zneo|r- Ibm`C|eje|bk BB oc T|u{{bh p|oze nb{ opm „hmzb&Fhknbhseaab‒ po|i! t|echkej lr Soazhb|e! zobaau{z|hze znhz h T|bmke kouaj le h ̀ ooj t|bmke u{bm` zne |b`nz fehm{ ‚ hmj! bm nb{ kh{e!ne {ukkeejej-

Zne foje|m able|ha {zhmke kahbfej pbzn Fomze{xubeu znhz „hz ah{z pe òz |bj oc Fhknbhseaab‒! t|hb{bm` zne |oae oc koffe|ke h{ h fo|e tehkecua fehm{ oc lubajbm`òoj bm{zbzuzbom{! {bmke koffe|ke jb{fb{{e{ toabzbkha th{{bom{ hmj {utto{e{ exuhath|zme|{-84 Nolle{ ph{ no{zbae zo zne |etulabkhm komketzbom oc able|zr hmj kom{bje|ejznhz zne|e b{ mo {ukn znbm` h{ kbsbk shaue bm fem ouz{bje zne olejbemke zo zne {zhze-

Haznou`n Nolle{ ph{ h zneo|b{z oc {okbha sb|zue{ hmj kahbfej znhz zneb| fhbmzemhmkeph{ bmjb{tem{hlae zo zne t|e{e|shzbom oc tehke! ne phmzej zo eflej bz bm h „{kbemkeoc Se|zue hmj Sbke‒ .[ibmme|! 8223"- Lebm` zne c|ubz oc |eh{om! znb{ {kbemke! chkej pbznbmze|e{z hmj b`mo|hmke! nh{ abzzae knhmke oc lebm` ab{zemej zo- Ne |ejuke{ jefok|hzbkjelhze zo zne h|z oc eaoxuemke! pnbkn b{ {uccbkbemz zo {ejuke zne fuazbzuje! hmj jb{&fb{{e{ zne emzb|e te|boj oc zne Emàb{n |esoauzbom h{ moznbm` lezze| znhm hm e|h oc bm{hmbzr .[ibmme|! 8223"- Aokie! pno e{zhlab{nej znhz zne bmjbsbjuha bmze|e{z oc zneopme| ph{ zne le{z |eùahzo| oc tulabk abce! koftaeze{ znb{ esoauzbom7 zne toabzbkhaxue{zbom b{ |etahkej lr zne xue{zbom oc t|ote|zr bm zne mep foje|m toabzbkha tnbao{&

otnr-Zne \emhb{{hmke tuz hm emj zo zne {knoah{zbk sbep oc nufhm hkzbom lebm` |uaej lr

h ko{fbk o|je|! hmj c|eej nufhm k|ehzbsbzr zo thse zne phr co| hm ekomofr lh{ejom bmmoshzbom- E|m{z Kh{{b|e| .82:37 8<2‛;;" kom{bje|{ znhz Fhknbhseaab {zujbej znetoabzbkha fosefemz{ bm zne {hfe {tb|bz h{ @habaeo pouaj! ome kemzu|r ahze|! pbzn zneahp{ oc `|hsbzr! hmj ne ph{ zne cb|{z zo l|ehi pbzn zne {knoah{zbk sbep oc hm umknhm`&bm` po|aj hmj {ukkeej bm emkofth{{bm` zne |oae oc zne {zhze bm h fuzhlae po|aj-

Nopese|! h{ h|ùej lr fhmr k|bzbk{ oc foje|mbzr .Aeo [z|hu{{! Nhmmhn H|emjz! E|bkSoeèabm! \hrfomj H|om! ezk-" zne foje|m zeknmoao`bkha e|h `hse lb|zn zo mepleabec{ bm zne ahp{ oc mhzu|e |earbm` om zeknmbxue! {ukn h{ zno{e t|oce{{ej lr zneto{bzbsb{z{ hmj kah{{bkha ekomofb{z{ {ukn h{ Huù{ze Kofze ‚ co| pnof „ol{e|shzbomkhfe hlouz jofbmhzbm` bfh`bmhzbom hmj jezn|omej bz‒ ‚ Gehm&Lhtzb{ze [hr88 hmj znem

Pbac|ejo Th|ezo- Zne h|z oc toabzbk{! h{ |ou`nar {zhzej lr Aeo [z|hu{{! b{ |ejukej zo hmumje|{zhmjbm` oc zne ahp{ oc mhzu|e7 zne toabzbkha xue{zbom „Pnhz?‒ oc zne koffomòoj lekofe{ eflejjej bm zne xue{zbom „Nop?‒ oc zne foje|m kah{{bkha tnbao{otnr!kh{zbm` h{bje zne toabzbkha xue{zbom-

Jehabm` pbzn bmmoshzbom! umke|zhbmzr hmj jb{|utzbom

Meo{knufteze|bhm {knoah|{! otto{ej zo zne meokah{{bkha ekomofr fhbm{z|ehf! tuzeftnh{b{ om zne mhzu|e oc zeknmoao`r moz kom{bje|ej h{ h fhmmh c|of nehsem luzh{ h àolha hmj {okbha z|hm{co|fhzbom t|oke{{7

54: Bmze|mhzbomha \esbep oc Hjfbmb{z|hzbse [kbemke{ 0:.;"



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Cbù|e 8

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hmj emsb|omfemzha b{{ue{" hmj jeae`hzej zne jelhze fombzo|bm` zo hm bmjetemjemzfejbhzo| u{ej zo jehabm` pbzn {ukn koaaekzbse t|oke{{e{- Zne ottomemz{‒ tobmz oc sbep ph{ nemkeco|zn tulab{nej ‚ {ofeznbm` {zbaa umznbmihlae bm zne C|emkn t|oke{{znhz b{ roum` hmj {zbaa kom{bje|ej h{ h zn|ehz zo |et|e{emzhzbse jefok|hkr hmj kom&cbmej zo {ekomjh|r tobmz{! bc moz h tu|e „pbmjop j|e{{bm`‒ jesbke- Haznou`n znet|ogekz jbj moz t|osoie |boz{ bm C|hmke! ceejlhki hlouz pnhz nhttemej bm Bzhar ‚pnbkn |e{uazej bm hz aeh{z h zpo&reh| jeahr ‚ |e{uazej bm zne t|ogekz lebm` |e&e~hfbmej lr zne C|emkn tahmmbm` huzno|bzbe{ {o h{ zo bmze`|hze zne b{{ue{ |hb{ej lrzne Bzhabhm jelhze bmzo zne t|ogekz-

\oknez Fhknbhseaab‒{ ae`hkr hmj zne koffom òoj 58;



\esbepbm` nop zne{e jelhze{ h|e kh||bej ouz bm [pbzwe|ahmj! C|hmke hmj Bzhar bmfhmh`bm` zeknmbkha t|ogekz{ ‚ pnbkn h|e lh{bkhaar habie ‚ |eseha{ zne jehjaoki{ oc znezeknmok|hzbk zot&jopm htt|ohkn hmj zne |eb`m oc zne {o&khaaej e~te|z{ umhlae zochke ut zo co|zumh h{{huaz{ hmj zne meej zo bmsbò|hze Fhknbhseaab |etulabkhm t|bmkb&tae{ oc eftope|bm` hmj ejukhzbm` teotae zo fhbmzhbm hmj e~thmj zne |etulabkhmsbse|e toabzbko zo fhie òoj hmj ae`bzbfhze jekb{bom{ bm koftae~ t|ogekz b{{ue{-

Ut`|hjbm` zne |e{eh|kn t|o`|hf bm tulabk fhmhèfemz?

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sb|zò pne|e kbzbwem{ bmze|hkzej zo {u{zhbm hmj bft|ose kbsbk shaue{- Eccbkbemkr ph{ kom&{bje|bm` zne |eha fhm ‚ bmkaujbm` nb{ {eacb{nme{{ hmj nb{ sbke{ ‚ hmj |eha po|aj t|ol&aef&{oasbm`- Fhknbhseaab‒{ bmmoshzbom ph{ aooibm` co| t|h`fhzbk fehm{ ‚ bmkaujbm`„nomou|hlar esba‒! znhz ph{ zne |eh{om pnr ne ph{ fb{umje|{zooj ‚ zo jeseaot znekoffom òoj-

Znb{ ae`hkr nh{ leem lau||ej pbzn zne able|ha z|hjbzbom oc Nolle{ hmj Aokiejb{z|u{zbm` zne hlbabzr oc fem zo jeable|hze koaaekzbsear om zne koffom òoj b{{ue{!tuzzbm` eftnh{b{ fhbmar om t|bshze òoj hmj fhibm` zne koffom òoj zne {bftae{uf oc bz hmj! h{ h kom{exuemke! lobabm` jopm zne |oae oc zne {zhze bmzo ome oc koe|kbom .[ibmme|! 8223! <44>"-

Tulabk fhmhèfemz nh{ leem! ut zo mop! fhbmar komke|mej pbzn „eccbkbemkr‒ bmo|`hmbwhzbom{ znhz lekhfe zne Noar @|hba oc haa tulabk hjfbmb{z|hzo|{ bm zne Hmào&

[h~om po|aj! h{ kaeh|ar {nopm lr C|ej Znoft{om bm nb{ zno|ou`n |esbep oc zne toabzb&kha ekomofr oc tulabk hjfbmb{z|hzbom .<443"- Zne cb|{z hè ph{ zne Pele|bhmth|hjb`f! lh{ej om zne {eth|hzbom lezpeem chkz{ hmj shaue{! pnbkn ph{ zne z|hm{&to{bzbom bm zne hjfbmb{z|hzbse po|aj oc zne {eh|kn co| ekomofbe{ oc {khae znhz knh|hk&ze|bwej zne t|ojukzbom foje oc zne {ekomj bmju{z|bha |esoauzbom- Znem bz nhj zo chkezne jek|eh{bm` eccbkbemkr oc se|zbkhaar bmze`|hzej o|`hmbwhzbom{ pbzn zne kofbm` oc zneznb|j bmju{z|bha |esoauzbom- H{ h kom{exuemke! bm zne komze~z oc zne 82>4{ hmj zneoccem{bse h`hbm{z zne peach|e {zhze! meokah{{bkha ekomofbk{ lekhfe zne koftua{o|rthzn zo tu|{ubm` zne Noar @|hba oc eccbkbemkr- Fhmr {knoah|{ nhse hlumjhmzarje{k|blej pnhz b{ p|om` pbzn meokah{{bkha ekomofbk{ hmj zne phr{ bm pnbkn bz b{

58: Bmze|mhzbomha \esbep oc Hjfbmb{z|hzbse [kbemke{ 0:.;"



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Bc pe h|e hlae zo jb{emzhmàe fhmhè|bha hmj o|`hmbwhzbomha b{{ue{ .jobm` znbm`{

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8 Sb|zò b{ moz z|hm{ahzhlae {bmke bz b{ kofto{ej oc sb| .{z|em`zn" hmj sb|zu{ .kbsbk sb|zue"- Fhknbhseaabjecbme{ sb|zò h{ zne {ute|{ez oc te|{omha knh|hkze|b{zbk{ znhz h |uae| fu{z to{{e{{ bm o|je| zofhbmzhbm nb{ |uae h{ aom` h{ to{{blae hmj hknbese `|ehzme{{ bm zne t|oke{{- Zne koffhmj oc




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< „- - - Le{bje{ `bsbm` bz{ {nh|e zo totuah| komz|oa! zne{e occbkbha pe|e je{b`mej co| zne t|ozekzbomoc \ofhm able|zr‒ .Jb{kou|{e{ 8-:-87 <4:"-

; B jo moz eflh|i bm znb{ h|zbkae om zne jb{ku{{bom hlouz pnezne| Fhknbhseaab b{ h t|oce{{o| oc esbao| moz- Ne hjsokhze{ zne u{e oc lhj fehm{ zo t|e{e|se zne {zhze! nhsbm` bm fbmj t|e{e|sbm`bm{zbzuzbom{ znhz h|e zno{e oc zne koffom òoj! o| zo |ecoumj bz pnem ko||utzej- Fhknbhseaabkom{bje|ej ‚ zhibm` h{ hm e~hftae Tbe|o [oje|bmb pno ph{ zne ah{z .hmj pehi" |uae|. òmchaombe| " oc zne Cao|emzbme |etulabk pno jbjm‒z jh|e u{e „lh{ fehm{‒ zo t|e{e|se znekoffom òoj hmj aej zne |etulabk zo bz{ jefb{e ‚ znhz h t|bmke fu{z moz ne{bzhze zo u{e„nomo|hlaar esba‒ fehm{ bc zne |etulabk fu{z le {hsej hmj |etulabkhm bm{zbzuzbom{ .|e"coumjej!esem bc jobm` {o! zne t|bmke tu|{ue bz{ opm ào|r- Aeo [z|hu{{! pno t|e{emzej Fhknbhseaab h{zne cb|{z zo hlhmjom kah{{bkha tnbao{otnr hmj h{ h „zehkne| oc esba‒! bm nb{ Znou`nz{ om

Fhknbhseaab ! hkimopaejè{ zne komzbmubzr oc nb{ znou`nz pbzn zne kah{{bkha tnbao{otnr! luzahfemz{ zne hlhmjomfemz oc h {ute|&nufhm komketzbom oc nop fhm fu{z abse- Nb{ tnbao{otnrlubaj{ „aop luz {oabj‒ pbzn zne „Leh{z Fhm h{ otto{ej zo zne @oj Fhm‒ .825>7 <23" h{ {rfloa-[z|hu{{ kom{bje|{ znhz! bm {tbze oc pnhz fhie{ Fhknbhseaab h fhm oc zne \emhb{{hmke! nb{komketzbom oc fhm fhie{ nbf foje|m- B jo moz {nh|e znb{ bmze|t|ezhzbom! kom{bje|bm` znhzFhknbhseaab‒{ bmzemz ph{ zo |ekomkbae kah{{bkha toabzbkha tnbao{otnr pbzn zne jb{kose|r oc znetope| oc {kbemke hmj zeknmoao`r zo z|hm{co|f zne mhzu|ha {zhze- B h`|ee pbzn Tokoki‒{koffemz om B{hbhn Le|abm„{ komketz oc able|zr znhz zne Fhknbhseaabhm fofemz b{ zne zu|mbm`tobmz lezpeem zne komketzbom oc to{bzbse able|zr ‚ pnbkn b{ zne |etulabkhm ome ‚ hmj oc me`hzbse able|zr ‚ pnbkn b{ zne able|ha ome ‚ luz znhz zne |eha `ht bm zne ejbcbkhzbom oc znefoje|m mhzu|ha ahp hmj zne kah{{bk mhzu|ha ahp b{ lezpeem Fhknbhseaab hmj Nolle{ pno b{!hcze| @boshmmb Loze|o .85>2" h{ h coumjbm` chzne|! zne |eha tnbao{otne| oc zne |hb{om j‒âzhz .Tokoki! <44;"- B hf bmkabmej zo coaaop Kahuje Aeco|z‒{ bmze|t|ezhzbom znhz! bm h toabzbkha lojr! zneteotae oc zne jb{to{{e{{ej h|e h lezze| ùh|jbhm oc gu{zbke hmj oc zne bjeh oc zne @ooj {okbezrznhm zne tnbao{otne|{ .h{ bm Tahzo‒{ sbep" {bmke zner kom{zhmzar t|oze{z o| |esoaz h`hbm{z zne

|eb`mbm` o|je|- Znb{ jelhze b{ h fhzze| oc nop zo jeha pbzn zne toabzbkha&zneoao`bkha t|olaefznhz b{ leromj zne {kote oc znb{ h|zbkae .Ahleaae! <443"-

: Kh{{b|e| ose|{hp Aeo [z|hu{{‒ zne{b{-5 Fhu|bwbo Sb|oab .<444" fhie{ zne tobmz th|zbkuah|ar kaeh| bm nb{ lbo`|htnr oc Fhknbhseaab7

„Fhknbhseaab mese| zhu`nz znhz zne emj gu{zbcbe{ zne fehm{ o| znhz h {zhze{fhm b{ haaopej zo jopnhz b{ co|lbjjem zo ozne|{! - - - ne zhu`nz! |hzne|! znhz bc {ofeome b{ jeze|fbmej zo hknbese h`|ehz tu|to{e ‚ c|ee h teotae! coumj h {zhze! emco|ke zne ahp hmj k|ehze tehke pne|e hmh|knrhmj je{tozb{f |eb`m ‚ znem ne fu{z moz ceh| lebm` znou`nz k|uea o| {zbm`r luz fu{z {bftar jopnhz b{ meke{{h|r bm o|je| zo hknbese zne òha-‒

3 „Zne sbse|e toabzbko b{ h {tekbcbk co|f oc toabzbkha o|`hmbwhzbom znhz t|ekauje{ zr|hmmr hmjje{tozbk |uae hmj b{ bmkofthzblae pbzn zne {zhze oc {ofeome7 bc h kbzbwem o| h th|zr {ukkeej{ bmjofbmhzbm` zne ahp{ hmj zne fh`b{z|hze{! ome khm mo aomè| {tehi oc h |etulabk‒ .Sb|oab! 822<"-

0 Fhknbhseaab le`hm zo p|bze nb{ po|i{ hcze| 858<! pnem ne nhj zo aehse nb{ to{bzbom hcze| zne|ezu|m oc zne Fejbkb{- Bm h aezze| zo nb{ c|bemj Sezzo|b .42-4:-858;"! ne e~tahbm{ znhz! znhmi{ zozne co|zumh! zne omar fhzze| ne fh{ze|ej ph{ zne h|z oc zne {zhze . H|ze jeaao {zhzo" hmj ne

jbjm‒z phmz zo jb{ku{{ zne òoj! gu{zbke hmj zne nufhm komjbzbom bm hl{z|hkzo! luz t|ojuke hfo|e t|hkzbkha {zujr oc zne |eahzbom{nbt{ lezpeem zne kbzbwem{ hmj zne {zhze! hmj lezpeem{zhze{-

> „Jb{kou|{ j‒ezhz {u| ae{ forem{ je lbem òuse|me| ez fhbmzemb| em lomme thb~ um \orhufeou huz|e t|bmkbthuzâ - - - Komz|e Mbkoah{ Fhknbhsea! cao|emzbm‒ .8503" lr Bmmokemz @emzbaaez-@emzbaaez‒{ looi nhj h aoz oc |et|bmz{ lr zne emj oc zne 80zn kemzu|r! `bsbm` lb|zn zo znetego|hzbse ze|f{ oc „Fhknbhseaabhmb{f‒ hmj „Fhknbhseaabhm‒-

2 @boshmmb Loze|o .85>2"! Jeaah |h`bome jb {zhzo- Bz b{ po|zn fhibm` moze oc zne chkz znhz znee~t|e{{bom |h`bome jb {zhzo mese| htteh|{ bm zne po|i{ oc Fhknbhseaab- Loze|o jeseaot{ hkomketzbom oc zne {zhze lh{ej emzb|ear om h mozbom oc tope| znhz Loze|o e~tabkbzar otto{e{ zoLojbm‒{ komketz oc {ose|eb`mzr .8503" hmj znhz ietz {t|ehjbm` zn|ou`nouz Eu|ote ‚ Loze|o




t|oto{e{ h toabzbkha fojea abmibm` h „Fhknbhseaabhm‒ hmhar{b{ oc tope| {z|u`àe{ pbzn h {zujr oc zne komjbzbom{ òse|mbm` zne ekomofbk jeseaotfemz oc {zhze{- H{ [emeaah|z .82>2" tuz bz!Loze|o b{ hkzuhaar „Fhknbhseaabhm‒ bm @emzbaaez‒{ fehmbm` oc zne ze|f! luz kaeh|ar hmzb&Fhknbhseaabhm {bmke Fhknbhseaab kom{bje|{ te|{omha bmze|e{z h{ h {ou|ke oc komcabkz- Loze|o nhjzo |ekomkbae zpo komz|hjbkzo|r |exub|efemz{7 zne meej oc h {z|om` [zhze luz moz bmjetemjemzc|of zne tope| oc zne Knu|kn- Znu{! zne omar |eabhlae {z|em`zn b{ znhz oc bmju{z|r! hmj Loze|ohtteh|{ zo le h co|e|umme| oc able|ha znbmibm`! otto{bm` zne fe|khmzbab{f hjsokhzej lr Lojbm-Loze|o `bse{ lb|zn zo hm hmzb&Fhknbhseaabhm hmj hmzb&{ose|eb`m |eh{om oc {zhze .Je{kemj|e!<44;"-

84 „Om h koffemkâ ä {e ̀ uâ|b| ju fhknbhsâab{fe - - - ez ba e{z neu|eu~ xue temjhmz xue aeu|{th{{bom{ aeu| bm{tb|emz ah tem{âe j‒çz|e fâknhmz{! ba{ omz tou|zhmz bmzâ|çz ä me th{ a‒çz|e‒.Fomze{xubeu! A‒E{t|bz je{ Aob{! ^^B! <4"-

88 ‒Ah fhmbî|e jomz ae{ kno{e{ {omz ez jomz ae{ kno{e{ h||bsemz! kom{zbzue ke xu‒om htteaae ahmhzu|e je{ kno{e{9 ez a‒ol{e|shzbom e~hkze je ah mhzu|e je{ kno{e{ e{z a‒umbxue comjefemz je

zouze sâ|bzâ- - - - A‒âkomofbe toabzbxue - - - e{z âzhlabe {u| je{ comjefemz{ bmâl|hmahlae{! jufofemz xue ae{ t|bmkbte{ xub aub {e|semz je lh{e {omz je{ jâjukzbom{ |bòu|eu{e{ je chbz{`âmâ|hu~ bmkomze{zhlae{‒ .Gehm&Lhtzb{ze [hr! Z|hbzâ j‒âkomofbe toabzbxue! 8>4;"-

8< Fhknbhseaab jembej zne eccbkbemkr oc fe|kemh|be{‒ z|oot{ ‚ hm bmchzuhzbom pe fhr cbmj haazn|ou`n nb{ po|i{ ‚ h{ Bzhabhm kbzbe{ pe|e u{ej zo! hmj taehjej bm chso| oc hm h|fr oc kbzbwem{h{ lebm` zne omar „kaehm h|f{‒ to{{blae-

8; „Zne jb{e`mo b{ oc h {ukn e~keaaemke znhz bz joe{ moz omar {nop zne po|i{ oc mhzu|e! luz znhz bzt|ojuke{ co|f{ bmcbmbzear fo|e sh|bej- Bz ouz{nbme{ mhzu|e lekhu{e oc zne abfbzej knh|hkze| oc bz{eaefemzh|r co|f{ pnbae po|i{ |exub|ej lr zne ere oc fhm h|e umabfbzej‒ .Aeomh|jo jh Sbmkb!xuozej lr Gehm&Aoub{ ae Fob`me! <440"- Jb{e`mo `hse lb|zn zo zne Emàb{n po|j „je{b`m‒-

8: „ - - - Pomje| nh{ haphr{ leem h {ou|ke oc `|ehz òoj- Co| bz b{ pomje| znhz {zbfuahze{ zneje{b|e co| imopaejè znhz b{ bmmhze bm haa teotae9 bz b{ pomje| znhz abcz{ c|of zne fbmj zne seba oc pnbkn b`mo|hmke kose|{9 bz b{ pomje| znhz t|oftz{ zne fbmj zo bmse{zb`hze khu{e{ hmj aeh|mnop eccekz{ t|okeej c|of znef- Znb{ ibmj oc imopaejè ph{ zne o|b`bm oc tnbao{otnr! hmj znez|uzn znhz pe kofe zo imop zn|ou`n bz-‒ „Pomje|‒ b{ th|z oc zne |ejb{kose|bm` oc kah{{bk{ {bmke bz

htteh|{ bm Tahzo‒{ Zneãzezu{ hlouz zne h|z oc imopaejè-85 Zne phr co|fha hmj bmco|fha bm{zbzuzbom{ bmze|hkz nh{ ha{o leem tobmzej ouz lr Mbezw{kne7

otbmbom{ knhmè cb|{z hmj co|fha bm{zbzuzbom{ fhr coaaop pbzn bme|zbh7 „Zne ose|zn|op oc bm{zbzuzbom{ joe{ moz coaaop bffejbhzear utom zne ose|zn|op oc otbmbom{! bm{zehj zne mepotbmbom{ abse co| h aom` zbfe bm zne je{oahze hmj {z|hmèar umchfbabh| nou{e oc zneb|t|ejeke{{o|{ hmj esem t|e{e|se bz znef{ease{! {bmke zner meej {ofe {o|z oc {neaze|‒ .xuozej bm\ebme|z! <4407 8<0"-

83 „.8" H {r{zef b{ e|òjbk pnem h {exuemke o| {bwhlae {hftae b{ exuhaar |et|e{emzhzbse oc znepnoae .h{ bm |e`h|j zo h {zhzb{zbkha th|hfeze|"9 .<" bmsoasbm` o| |eahzbm` zo zne t|olhlbabzr znhzhmr {zhze pbaa |eku|! e{tekbhaar nhsbm` we|o t|olhlbabzr znhz hmr {zhze pbaa mese| |eku|‒ .Pel{ze|‒{Jbkzbomh|r "-„H koaaekzbom oc {r{zef{ co|f{ hm e|òjbk em{eflae bc zne foje{ oc lenhsbo| coumj bm hmr ome{r{zef c|of zbfe zo zbfe |e{eflae bz{ lenhsbo| hz ozne| zefto|ha te|boj{ hmj bc zne lenhsbo|oc hmr ozne| {r{zef pnem kno{em hz |hmjof ha{o b{ abie zne ome {r{zef- Pe jo moz |exub|ebjemzbkha te|co|fhmke! omar xubze {bfbah| zbfe hse|hè{ hmj mufle| hse|hè{- Bm hm e|òjbk

totuahzbom! hmr {bmàe bmjbsbjuha b{ |et|e{emzhzbse oc zne emzb|e totuahzbom- Zne {habemzknh|hkze|b{zbk{ oc znb{ bmjbsbjuha h|e e{{emzbhaar bjemzbkha pbzn hmr ozne| fefle| oc zne `|out‒.T|bmkbtbh Krle|mezbkh Pel"-

80 Zne zneoao`bkha toabzbkha t|olaef b{ zne zem{bom lezpeem zne |esehaej Ahp hmj zne to{bzbse ahpje{b`mej lr nufhm |eh{om- Co| Aeo [z|hu{{! bz fhr le zrtbcbej lr zne zem{bom lezpeem Hznem{.nufhm ahp" hmj Ge|u{haef .|esehaej Ahp"- Znb{ zem{bom |hb{e{ te|fhmemzar zne omzoao`bkhaxue{zbom oc zne emj{ oc toabzbkha hkzbom hmj b{ b||e{oashlae- Co| h zno|ou`n t|e{emzhzbom! {eeZhmùhr .<44;"-

8> J| Thmào{{ b{ t|e{emzej bm Soazhb|e‒{ Khmjbje h{ zne fhm pno nh{ haphr{ zne |b`nz e~tabkhzbomoc pnr zne po|{z znbm`{ nhttem pbzn haphr{ zne {hfe komkau{bom7 „haa b{ co| zne le{z bm zne le{zoc haa to{{blae po|aj{‒! {bmke ne leabesej znhz pnhz nhttem{ b{ zne ahp oc mhzu|e hmj znhz zne|e

58> Bmze|mhzbomha \esbep oc Hjfbmb{z|hzbse [kbemke{ 0:.;"



b{ mo ozne| knobke to{{blae- Thmào{{bhm hzzbzuje{ h|e zno{e oc bjeoaoùe{ znhz |egekz |ehabzr hmjbz{ koftae~bzr hmj phmz zo httar ome {bwe cbz{ haa |ekbte{ zo ese|r {bzuhzbom-

82 [ukn h jb{zbmkzbom lezpeem h t|bo|b hmj kb|kuf{zhmke{ jokz|bme ph{ kemz|ha bm Knh|ae{ je@huaae‒{ toabzbkha tnbao{otnr- Ne fhr le {eem h{ hm h|knezrte oc zne Fhknbhseaabhm aehje| bm zne<4zn kemzu|r-

<4 Tn|ome{b{ b{ zne hlbabzr zo znbmi hlouz nop hmj pnr pe {nouaj hkz bm o|je| zo knhmè znbm`{!hmj e{tekbhaar zo knhmè ou| abse{ co| zne lezze|- H|b{zozae {hr{ znhz tn|ome{b{ b{m‒z {bftar h {ibaa!nopese|! h{ bz bmsoase{ moz omar zne hlbabzr zo jekbje nop zo hknbese h ke|zhbm emj! luz ha{o znehlbabzr zo |ecaekz utom hmj jeze|fbme zne je{b|ej emj pnbkn b{ mese| `bsem luz meej{ |ecaekzbomhmj eznbkha knobke- Tn|ome{b{ fhr le z|hm{ahzej h{ „t|ujemke‒ znhz b{ `hbmej lr e~te|bemke7„Pne|eh{ roum` teotae lekofe hkkoftab{nej bm èofez|r hmj fhznefhzbk{! hmj pb{e pbznbmzne{e abfbz{! t|ujemz roum` teotae jo moz {eef zo le coumj- Zne |eh{om b{ znhz t|ujemke b{komke|mej pbzn th|zbkuah|{ h{ peaa h{ umbse|{ha{! hmj th|zbkuah|{ lekofe imopm c|ofe~te|bemke! luz h roum` te|{om ahki{ e~te|bemke! {bmke {ofe aem`zn oc zbfe b{ meejej zo

t|ojuke bz‒ .Mbknofhknehm Eznbk{ 88:< h"-<8 B |ece| zo zne {efbmha etomrfou{ looi lr Kn|b{zotne| Ah{kn .82>>" znhz je{k|ble{ zne

hlhmjomfemz lr foje|m fhm oc hmr ibmj oc bjeha-<< Znb{ kh{e {zujr ph{ {ez ut ju|bm` zne cb|{z {e{{bom oc zne „ Krkae je ah jâkb{bom tulabxue‒ neaj hz

Ekoae Mhzbomha j‒Hjfbmb{z|hzbom! Th|b{! Gume <440- B znhmi Fbknea Leùeabm! Kom{ebaae| hu~ Ezhz{.[pb{{ Th|abhfemz" hmj Fh|be&Arme Fehu~ .\e{tom{hlae je ah Fb{{bom je{ Hate{ em knh|è jea‒âshauhzbom ju z|hm{to|z c|hmàhb{ {u| a‒H|k hatb" co| zneb| komz|bluzbom-

<; Om zne jekhr oc zne sbse|e toabzbko bm Bzhar! {ee zne jbhaoùe lezpeem Mole|zo Lollbo hmjFhu|bwbo Sb|oab .<443"-

\ece|emke{

Hoib! Fh{hnbio .<448" Zoph|j h Kofth|hzbse Bm{zbzuzbomha Hmhar{b{- Khfl|bjè! FH7 FBZ T|e{{- H|`r|b{! K- hmj [knóm! J- .820>" O|`hmb{hzbomha Aeh|mbm`7 H Zneo|r oc Hkzbom Te|{tekzbse- \ehjbm`!

FH7 Hjjb{om Pe{aer-Le|abm! B{hïhn .8224" Zne K|ooiej Zbfle| oc Nufhmbzr7 Knhtze|{ bm zne Nb{zo|r oc Bjeh{! Nem|rNh|jr .ej-"- Aomjom7 Gonm Fu||hr9 Mep Ro|i! 82287 Imotc-

Lolbo! Mo|lezo hmj Sb|oab! Fhu|bwbo .<443" Jbhaoùe huzou| je ah \âtulabxue- \emme{7 T|e{{e{Umbse|{bzhb|e{ je \emme{-

Loze|o! @boshmmb .85>2/8253" Zne \eh{om oc [zhze- Mep Nhsem! KZ7 Rhae Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-L|ujmer! Iemz F- .82>:" „Fhknbhseaab om [okbha Kah{{ hmj Kah{{ Komcabkz{‒! Toabzbkha Zneo|r 8<.:"9

540‛82-Kh{{b|e|! E|m{z .82:3" Zne Frzn oc zne [zhze- Mep Nhsem! KZ7 Rhae Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-Knhm`! Nh&Goom .<440" Bm{zbzuzbomha Knhmè hmj Ekomofbk Jeseaotfemz - Zoiro7 Umbzej Mhzbom{

Umbse|{bzr T|e{{! Zoiro9 Aomjom7 Hmznef T|e{{-Je{kemj|e! \ofhbm .<44;" „\hb{om j‒Ezhz! tub{{hmzke ez âkomofbe- Ae fe|khmzbab{fe je @boshmmb

Loze|o‒! \esue je fâzhtnr{bxue ez je fo|hae ;7 ;88‛<8-J|ekn{ae|! Poac`hm` .<448" „@ooj hmj Lhj @ose|mfemz7 Hfl|o``bo Ao|emwezzb‒{ C|e{koe{ bm zne

[bemh Zopm Nhaa h{ Fb{{bom [zhzefemz co| Tulabk Hjfbmb{z|hzbom Zojhr‒! Jb{ku{{bom Thte| Mo- <4!

Otem [okbezr Bm{zbzuze! Lujhte{z-J|ekn{ae|! Poac`hm` .<445h" „Zne \e&efe|èmke oc ‑Pele|bhm‖ Tulabk Hjfbmb{z|hzbom hcze| zne Chaaoc Mep Tulabk Fhmhèfemz7 Zne Kemz|ha hmj Eh{ze|m Eu|otehm Te|{tekzbse‒! Nhaju{iuazuu| 372:‛84>-

J|ekn{ae|! Poac`hm` .<445l" „Zne \b{e hmj Jefb{e oc zne Mep Tulabk Fhmhèfemz‒! To{z&huzb{zbk Ekomofbk{ \esbep ;;7 80‛<>9 nzzt7//ppp-thekom-mez/THE\esbep/b{{ue;;/J|ekn{ae|;;-nzf

Jumaehsr Thz|bki! Fh|èzz{! Neaem! Lh{zop! [bfom hmj Zbmiae|! Ghme .<445" „Mep TulabkFhmhèfemz b{ Jehj7 Aom` Abse Jb`bzha E|h @ose|mhmke‒! EJ[ Bmmoshzbom \e{eh|kn T|o`|hffe!Aomjom [knooa oc Ekomofbk{ hmj Toabzbkha [kbemke! [etzefle|-

C|eefhm! Kn|b{ hmj Aouàh! C|hmkb{ko .<448" H{ Zbfe @oe{ Lr7 C|of zne Bmju{z|bha \esoauzbom{ zozne Bmco|fhzbom \esoauzbom- O~co|j7 O~co|j [knoah|{nbt Omabme Fomo`|htn{-




C|eefhm! Kn|b{ hmj [oeze! Auk .8220" Zne Ekomofbk{ oc Bmju{z|bha Bmmoshzbom-Khfl|bjè! FH7 FBZT|e{{-

@hbaae&Mbiojbfos! Fh|be hmj Fâmb{{be|! Znbe||r .<443" Aekzu|e{ je Fhknbhsea - Th|b{7 Eaabt{e{-@bhuxue! Jhsbj .<44:" Ah lu|ehuk|hzbe ablâ|hae! Mouseaae ̀ e{zbom tulabxue ez |âùahzbom

o|`hmb{hzbommeaae- Th|b{7 A‒Nh|fhzzhm-@bale|z! Ceab~ .82>:" Fhknbhseaab hmj @ubkkbh|jbmb7 Toabzbk{ hmj Nb{zo|r bm [b~zeemzn&kemzu|r Cao|emke!

mep ejm- Mep Ro|i7 P-P Mo|zom .8{z ejm 823:! T|bmkezom Umbse|{bzr T|e{{"-@|uembm`! @e|moj .822>" „O|b`bm hmj Zneo|ezbkha Lh{b{ oc zne Mep Tulabk Fhmhèfemz‒! BTFM

Komce|emke thte|9 nzzt7//ppp-bmtufh-mez/|e{eh|kn/thte|{/{haef/è|moj-jokIor|â! Hae~hmj|e .82>>" Ju fomje kao{ ä a‒Umbse|{ bmcbmb - Th|b{7 @haabfh|j-Ahleaae! @baae{ .<443" „Khm zne T|olaef oc zne Zneoao`bko&toabzbkha le \e{oasej? Aeo [z|hu{{ hmj

Kahuje Aeco|z‒! Zne{b{ Eaesem >07 3;‛>8-Ahihzo{! Bf|e .820>" Zne Feznojoao`r oc [kbemzbcbk \e{eh|kn T|o`|hffe{7 Tnbao{otnbkha Thte|{ !

soa- 8- Khfl|bjè7 Khfl|bjè Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-

Ahihzo{! Bf|e .82>4" Zne Feznojoao`r oc [kbemzbcbk \e{eh|kn T|o`|hffe{- Khfl|bjè7 Khfl|bjèUmbse|{bzr T|e{{-Ahmje{! Jhsbj .<444" „\bkne{{e ez thus|ezâ je{ mhzbom{7 tou|xuob ke|zhbm{ {omz |bkne{! tou|xuob

ke|zhbm{ {omz thus|e{‒! z|hm{- Halbm Fbknea- Th|b{-Ah{kn! Kn|b{zotne| .82>>! z|hm{- <444" Ah kuazu|e ju mh|kb{{b{fe! ah sbe hfâ|bkhbme ä um ìè je

jâkabm je{ e{tâ|hmke{! z|hm{- Ej- Kabfhz{- Kh{zeamhu&ae&Aew-Aeco|z! Kahuje .820<" Ae z|hshba je a‒oeus|e! Fhknbhsea - Th|b{7 \âej- Zea9 @haabfh|j! 82>3-Ae Fob`me! Gehm&Aoub{ .<440" „Zne Bmzeaabèmke oc Koftae~bzr‒! komce|emke! Chkuazr oc T{rknoao`r

hmj Ejukhzbomha [kbemke{ oc zne Umbse|{bzr oc Ab{lom! 85 Cel|uh|r9 [æ{bco/Ejukhzbomha [kbemke{ Gou|mha :.[etz-/Jek-"-

FkKofbki! Gonm T- .<44;" „Fhknbhseaab h`hbm{z \etulabkhmb{f7 Om zne Khfl|bjè [knooa‒{‑@ubkkbh|jbmbhm Fofemz{‖‒! Toabzbkha Zneo|r ;8.5"7 385‛:;-

FkKofbki! Gonm T- .<440" „Fhknbhseaab‒{ Toabzbkha Z|bha{ hmj zne ‑C|ee Phr oc Abce‖‒! Toabzbkha Zneo|r7 Hm Bmze|mhzbomha Gou|mha oc Toabzbkha Tnbao{otnr ;5.:"7 ;>5‛:88-

Fhknbhseaab! Mbkkoao7 Zne|e h|e fhmr z|hm{ahzbom{ komzhbmbm` fhmr bmze|t|ezhzbom{- B |ece|! co| zne

Emàb{n z|hm{ahzbom! zo Lomjhmeaah hz O~co|j Umbse|{bzr T|e{{! hmj co| zne C|emkn om zo znehuzno|bzhzbse po|i oc C|hmkb{ Lek! Koaaekzbom Louxubm{! Cahffh|bom! Th|b{-

Fhrmo|! Gonm .<44<" „Hmozne| Bm{z|ufemzha \etulabkhm Htt|ohkn?‒! Eu|otehm Gou|mha oc Toabzbkha Zneo|r 8.8"7 08‛>2-

Fbaae|! \- hmj Ae{{h|j! J- .<448" Zne Fhmhèfemz oc Ah|è Em`bmee|bm` T|ogekz{- Khfl|bjè! FH7FBZ T|e{{-

Foir|! Goea .<44<" Zne @bcz{ oc Hznemh7 Nb{zo|bkha O|b`bm{ oc zne Imopaejè Ekomofr - T|bmkezom!MG7 T|bmkezom Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-

Fouahib{! Hznhmh{bo{ .<445" „Aeo [z|hu{{ hmj E|bk Soeèabm om Fhknbhseaab‒! Eu|otehm Gou|mha oc Ekomofbk Zneo|r :.;"7 <:2‛3<-

Mea{om! \-\- hmj Pbmze|! [-@- .82><" Hm Esoauzbomh|r Zneo|r oc Ekomofbk Knhmè- Khfl|bjè! FH7Nh|sh|j Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-

Mo|zn! Jouàh{{ .<445" Umje|{zhmjbm` zne T|oke{{ oc Ekomofbk Knhmè- T|bmkezom! MG7 T|bmkezomUmbse|{bzr T|e{{-

O‒L|bem! Thz|bki .822>" ‒‑Bm{eth|hlae Komme~bom{‖7 Z|hje Ekomofr! Cb{kha [zhze hmj zne E~thm{bom oc

Eftb|e! 83>>‛8>85‒! bm T- Fh|{nhaa .ej-" O~co|j Nb{zo|r oc zne L|bzb{n Eftb|e ! soa- <- O~co|j7O~co|j Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-

Thmàe! Znofh{ .82>3" „Zne Ceje|hab{z Thte|‒{ Sb{bom oc Kbsbk Nehazn hmj zne Z|hjbzbom Ouz oc PnbknZnhz Sb{bom Efe|è{‒! Toabzbkha \e{eh|kn Xuh|ze|ar ;27 500‛34<-

Tezzbz! Tnbabt .<44:" \âtulabkhmb{fe! ume znâo|be je ah able|zâ ez ju ̀ ouse|mefemz - Th|b{7 M\C@haabfh|j-

Tokoki! G-@-H- .8205! <mj ejm <44;" Zne Fhknbhseaabhm Fofemz7 Cao|emzbme Toabzbkha Znou`nz hmj zne Hzahmzbk \etulabkhm Z|hjbzbom- T|bmkezom! MG7 T|bmkezom Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-

Toaabzz! K- hmj Loukihe|z! @- .<444! mep ejm <44:" Tulabk Fhmhèfemz \eco|f7 Hm Bmze|mhzbomha Kofth|b{om- O~co|j7 O~co|j Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-

5<4 Bmze|mhzbomha \esbep oc Hjfbmb{z|hzbse [kbemke{ 0:.;"



\ebme|z! E|bi .<444" „Cuaa Kb|kae7 Ekomofbk{ c|of [knoah{zbkb{f zn|ou`n Bmmoshzbom hmj Lhki bmzoFhznefhzbkha [knoah{zbkb{f‒! Gou|mha oc Ekomofbk [zujbe{ <0.:/5"7 ;3:‛03-

\ebme|z! E|bi .<440" Nop \bkn Koumz|be{ @oz \bkn - - - hmj Pnr Too| Koumz|be{ [zhr Too| - Aomjom7Kom{zhlae-

\oknez! Kahuje .<440" A‒bmmoshzbom! ume hcchb|e j‒Ezhz7 @h`mhmz{ ez te|jhmz{ je ah BBB´ |âsoauzbombmju{z|beaae- Th|b{7 A‒Nh|fhzzhm-

[htb|! Ghkxue{ .<445" Xueaae âkomofbe tou| ae ̂ ^Be {bîkae? Th|b{7 Ojbae Ghkol-[hr! Gehm&Lhtzb{ze .8>4;" Z|hbzâ j‒âkomofbe toabzbxue- Th|b{7 Khafhmm&Aâsr Âjbzeu|! 820<-[emeaah|z! Fbknea .82>2" Fhknbhsâab{fe ez |hb{om j‒Ezhz - Th|b{7 TUC-[e||h! Hmzombo .838;" „L|ese z|hzzhzo jeaae khu{e kne to{{omo ch| hllomjh|e ab |e`mb j‒o|o e h|èmzo

jose mom {omo fbmbe|e kom httabkhzbome ha |e`mo jb Mhtoab‒! YZne Ozne| Khmom CoumjhzbomV9nzzt7//bjeh{-|etek-o|`/t/zzn/pthte|/42-nzfa

[knufteze|! Go{etn .82>3" Nb{zo|r oc Ekomofbk Hmhar{b{- O~co|j7 O~co|j Umbse|{bzr T|e{{9 C|emknz|hm{ahzbom! ZEA! Th|b{7 @haabfh|j-

[ibmme|! Xuemzbm .8224" Zne \ezu|m oc @|hmj Zneo|r bm zne Nufhm [kbemke{- Khfl|bjè7Khfl|bjè Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-[ibmme|! X- .822<" „[u| ah gu{zbke! ae lbem koffum ez ah t|bo|bzâ je ah able|zâ‒! bm H- Le|zem! T- jh [bash

hmj N- Tou|zob{ .ej{" Ablâ|hu~ ez koffumhuzh|bem{- Th|b{7 TUC-[ibmme|! Xuemzbm .8223" \eh{om hmj \nezo|bk bm zne Tnbao{otnr oc Nolle{- Khfl|bjè7 Khfl|bjè

Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-[ibmme|! Xuemzbm .<448h" Ae{ comjhzbom{ je ah tem{âe toabzbxue foje|me- Th|b{7 Halbm Fbknea! z|hm{-

oc Coumjhzbom{ oc zne Foje|m Toabzbkha Znou`nz ! 820>! Khfl|bjè7 Khfl|bjè Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-[ibmme|! Xuemzbm .<448l" Fhknbhsea - Th|b{7 Ae [euba-[ibmme|! Xuemzbm .<44;" A‒h|zb{ze em tnbao{otnbe toabzbxue7 Hfl|o``bo Ao|emwezzb ez ae lom

òuse|mefemz - Th|b{7 \hb{om{ j‒h`b|-[ibmme|! Xuemzbm .<44>" Nolle{ hmj \etulabkhm Able|zr - Khfl|bjè7 Khfl|bjè Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-[tbzw! Gehm&Chlbem .<445" Ae fofemz |âtulabkhbm em C|hmke! M\C e{{hb{- Th|b{7 @haabfh|j-[z|hu{{! Aeo .825>" Znou`nz{ om Fhknbhseaab - Knbkhò! BA7 Zne Umbse|{bzr oc Knbkhò T|e{{9 \eej!

820>-

[z|hu{{! Aeo .82>3" J|obz mhzu|ea ez Nb{zob|e- Th|b{7 Knhft{ Cahffh|bom-[z|hu{{! Aeo .8224" Ae ablâ|hab{fe hmzbxue ez foje|me - Th|b{7 TUC-Zhmùhr! Jhmbea .<44;" Aeo [z|hu{{! Ume lbo`|htnbe bmzeaaekzueaae- Th|b{7 @|h{{ez-Znoft{om! C|ej .<443" „Zne Toabzbkha Ekomofr oc Tulabk Hjfbmb{z|hzbom‒! bm G- \hlbm! H-F- Nbmj|ezn

hmj H-N- Fbaae| .ej{" Nhmjlooi oc Tulabk Hjfbmb{z|hzbom! tt- 843;‛844! ;|j ejm! K\K! Fh|keaJeiie|7 Hshbahlae hz [[\M7 nzzt7//{{|m-kof/hl{z|hkz688<:554

Sb|oab! Fhu|bwbo .822<h" C|of Toabzbk{ zo \eh{om oc [zhze7 Zne Hkxub{bzbom hmj Z|hm{co|fhzbom oc zne Ahmùhè oc Toabzbk{ .8<54‛8344"! Khfl|bjè7 Khfl|bjè Umbse|{bzr T|e{{-

Sb|oab! Fhu|bwbo .822<l" „Zne \esoauzbom bm zne Komketz oc Toabzbk{‒! Toabzbkha Zneo|r <4.;"7 :0;‛25-Sb|oab! Fhu|bwbo .<444" Mbkkoao‒{ [fbae7 H Lbo`|htnr oc Fhknbhseaab ! z|hm{- Hmzomr [nu`hh|- Mep

Ro|i7 Ch||h|! [z|hu{ hmj @b|ou~-Soeèabm! E|bk .822>" „Nb{zo|r oc Toabzbkha Bjeh{‒! soa- :! bm koaaekzej po|i{- Koauflbh! FO7 Umbse|{bzr

oc Fb{{ou|b T|e{{-Wh|ih! Fbknea hmj Fâmb{{be|! Znbe||r .<448" Ae T|bmke! ou ae mousea h|z toabzbxue - Th|b{7 TUC-

\oknez Fhknbhseaab‒{ ae`hkr hmj zne koffom òoj 5<8

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