The Coming of the Civil The Coming of the Civil WarWar

Unit Six – Chapters 15-16Unit Six – Chapters 15-16

Compromise of 1850 / Election of Compromise of 1850 / Election of 1852 Pages 492-5041852 Pages 492-504

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850– Clay-Webster vs. CalhounClay-Webster vs. Calhoun– ConditionsConditions– Issues / ImpactsIssues / Impacts

Election of 1852Election of 1852– Candidates / PlatformsCandidates / Platforms

Pierce’s AdministrationPierce’s Administration– Ostend ManifestoOstend Manifesto

Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850

Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850

California statehood.

Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.

Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

California statehood.

Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.

Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Proposed CompromiseProposed Compromise

Not supported by President Taylor Not supported by President Taylor but…but…

Zachary TaylorDies 7/1850

Millard FillmoreTaylor’s VP

Com

pro

mise

is the

key

to e

nd se

ctional

issues

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

NorthNorth– California – Free California – Free

StateState– New Mexico New Mexico

gains disputed gains disputed territory from territory from TexasTexas

– No slave trade in No slave trade in D.C.D.C.

SouthSouth– Popular Popular

sovereignty for sovereignty for New Mexico / New Mexico / UtahUtah

– Compensation to Compensation to TexasTexas

– Stronger fugitive Stronger fugitive slave lawslave law

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

Laws had existed for long periodsLaws had existed for long periodsNorthern States passed “Personal Northern States passed “Personal Liberty Laws” (no cooperation for Liberty Laws” (no cooperation for recapturing slaves) recapturing slaves) 1850 Law increased power of slave 1850 Law increased power of slave owners to recapture slavesowners to recapture slaves– Greatly underestimated the tensions Greatly underestimated the tensions

this would create in the Norththis would create in the North– Increased abolitionist movementIncreased abolitionist movement

Northern communitiesare forced to confront the reality of Slavery

Fugitive Slave Actincreases tensionsbetween North andSouth

HarrietBeecherStowe

1811 - 1896

HarrietBeecherStowe

1811 - 1896So this is the lady

who started the Civil War. --Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War. --Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.

2 million in a decade!

Quotes - Next

Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.

2 million in a decade!

Quotes - Next

"This is God's curse on slavery!--a bitter, "This is God's curse on slavery!--a bitter, bitter, most accursed thing!--a curse to the bitter, most accursed thing!--a curse to the master and a curse to the slave! I was a master and a curse to the slave! I was a fool to think I could make anything good fool to think I could make anything good out of such a deadly evil."out of such a deadly evil."

"We don't own your laws; we don't own "We don't own your laws; we don't own your country; we stand here as free, under your country; we stand here as free, under God's sky, as you are; and, by the great God's sky, as you are; and, by the great God that made us, we'll fight for our liberty God that made us, we'll fight for our liberty till we die." till we die."

"I looks like gwine to heaven, an't thar "I looks like gwine to heaven, an't thar where white folks is gwine? S'pose they'd where white folks is gwine? S'pose they'd have me thar? I'd rather go to torment, have me thar? I'd rather go to torment, and get away from Mas'r and Missis. I had and get away from Mas'r and Missis. I had so." so."

Southern LiteratureSouthern Literature

The Planter’s Northern BrideThe Planter’s Northern Bride – “ – “the the negroes of the south are the happiestnegroes of the south are the happiestlabouring class on the face of the labouring class on the face of the globe.“globe.“

Uncle Robin, in His Cabin in Virginia, Uncle Robin, in His Cabin in Virginia, and Tom Without One in Bostonand Tom Without One in Boston

Basic premise of anti-tom literature is the Basic premise of anti-tom literature is the benign treatment of slaves and their benign treatment of slaves and their relatively passive existence.relatively passive existence.

1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection

1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852Election Results

1852Election Results

Ostend ManifestoOstend ManifestoSlavery existed in Cuba but…Slavery existed in Cuba but…– The Spanish Government was considering The Spanish Government was considering

emancipation (freedom) for the Cuban slavesemancipation (freedom) for the Cuban slavesSouthern Democrats did not want freed Southern Democrats did not want freed slaves this close to the US so…..slaves this close to the US so…..– Three American diplomats (one of them was Three American diplomats (one of them was

James Buchanan – the next President) James Buchanan – the next President) threatened Spain with war if they didn’t sell Cuba threatened Spain with war if they didn’t sell Cuba to the US for $130 million but….to the US for $130 million but….

– The secret got out (oops)The secret got out (oops)

Bad Idea, Bad Idea becauseBad Idea, Bad Idea because– North not happy (sneaky little Southern $%3%)North not happy (sneaky little Southern $%3%)– Foreign governments view this as extremely Foreign governments view this as extremely

aggressive aggressive

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Pages 505- 510 Pages 505- 510

Kansas – Nebraska ActKansas – Nebraska Act– GoalsGoals– IssuesIssues– Republican PartyRepublican Party

NativismNativism– Who, what, whyWho, what, why

Election of 1856Election of 1856– IssuesIssues– SignificanceSignificance

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Goals of the Kansas-Nebraska Goals of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Act

Split Nebraska Territory into Kansas Split Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraskaand Nebraska– Maintains sectional balanceMaintains sectional balance– Provides opportunity for Northern Provides opportunity for Northern

railroad (future Transcontinental RR)railroad (future Transcontinental RR)

Repeals Missouri Compromise to Repeals Missouri Compromise to allow expansion of slaveryallow expansion of slavery

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

Northern Whigs.

Northern Democrats.

Free-Soilers.

Know-Nothings.

Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Northern Whigs.

Northern Democrats.

Free-Soilers.

Know-Nothings.

Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

The “Know-Nothings”

[The American Party]

The “Know-Nothings”

[The American Party] Nativists.

Anti-Catholics.

Anti-immigrants.

Nativists.

Anti-Catholics.

Anti-immigrants.

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

“The Crime Against Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856Election Results

1856Election Results

FlashbackFlashback

1.1. Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act create more conflict instead of create more conflict instead of compromise?compromise?

2.2. Why was the Know-Nothing Party Why was the Know-Nothing Party attractive to many Americans?attractive to many Americans?

3.3. What factors contributed to the What factors contributed to the rapid rise of the Republican Party?rapid rise of the Republican Party?

Dred Scott / Lincoln-DouglasDred Scott / Lincoln-DouglasPages 511-515Pages 511-515

Dred Scott CaseDred Scott Case– IssuesIssues– OutcomesOutcomes

Crash of 1857Crash of 1857Lincoln vs. DouglasLincoln vs. Douglas– Freeport DoctrineFreeport Doctrine– Future ImpactsFuture Impacts

The rise and fall of John BrownThe rise and fall of John Brown

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857Dred Scott v.

Sandford, 1857

National Reactions to Dred Scott National Reactions to Dred Scott RulingRuling

Democrats

Democrats

What caused thePanic of 1857??

What caused thePanic of 1857??

What were itseffects on the

nation?

What were itseffects on the

nation?

Overproduction of?

Panic of 1857Panic of 1857

Causes:Causes:– Overproduction of grainOverproduction of grain– Currency crisisCurrency crisis

OutcomesOutcomes– False sense of economic security for the False sense of economic security for the

South (Cotton will save us!!!)South (Cotton will save us!!!)– Homestead Act – 160 acres land Homestead Act – 160 acres land – Increased TariffsIncreased Tariffs

Lecompton ConstitutionLecompton Constitution

Proslavery constitution for Kansas Proslavery constitution for Kansas admission to the Unionadmission to the Union– Supported by President BuchananSupported by President Buchanan– Opposed by Stephen Douglas (WHY?)Opposed by Stephen Douglas (WHY?)– Rejected by CongressRejected by Congress

Kansas admitted 1861 – FREE STATEKansas admitted 1861 – FREE STATE

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine

PopularSovereignty?

PopularSovereignty?

Freeport DoctrineFreeport DoctrineLincoln tried to force Douglas to choose between the principle of popular sovereignty proposed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the United States Supreme Court case of Dred Scott v. Sandford.

Instead of making a direct choice, Douglas' response stated that despite the court's ruling, slavery could be prevented from any territory by the refusal of the people living in that territory to pass laws favorable to slavery. Likewise, if the people of the territory supported slavery, legislation would provide for its continued existence.

Trying to appease both Pro and Anti Slavery groups!!!

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Unifies the NorthScares the South

1860 Election / End of the 1860 Election / End of the UnionUnion

Pages 515-522Pages 515-522Political Party ChangesPolitical Party Changes– DemocratsDemocrats– Constitutional UnionConstitutional Union– RepublicanRepublican

Election of 1860Election of 1860

SecessionSecession

Crittenden CompromiseCrittenden Compromise

18601860PresidentialPresidential

ElectionElection

18601860PresidentialPresidential

ElectionElection

√ Abraham LincolnRepublican

√ Abraham LincolnRepublican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern DemocratStephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. BreckinridgeSouthern DemocratJohn C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860

Republican Party Platform in 1860

1. Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].

2. Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

3. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

4. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

5. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

6. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1. Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].

2. Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

3. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

4. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

5. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

6. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

Constitutional Union PartyConstitutional Union Party

Allegiance to the Allegiance to the UnionUnion

Strict enforcement Strict enforcement of national of national legislationlegislation

Who? Why?Who? Why?

Southern WhigsSouthern Whigs

Border StatesBorder States

Southern DemocratsSouthern Democrats

Stephen Douglas-Northern Democrat

*Popular Sovereignty*Preserve the Union

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to

Sanity

Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to

Sanity

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Crittenden CompromiseCrittenden Compromise

Back to Missouri Compromise Line Back to Missouri Compromise Line 36°30’36°30’– Federal protection for southern Federal protection for southern

territoriesterritories

Future states = popular sovereigntyFuture states = popular sovereignty

Lincoln opposedLincoln opposed– Republicans committed to no extension Republicans committed to no extension

of slavery!of slavery!

Unit 6 Chapters 16-17Unit 6 Chapters 16-17

Secession/Border StatesSecession/Border StatesPages 530-541Pages 530-541

Problems with SecessionProblems with Secession

Opening Shots…..Opening Shots…..

Role of the Border StatesRole of the Border States– IssuesIssues– ImpactsImpacts

Comparing the CombatantsComparing the Combatants– Northern Advantages/DisadvantagesNorthern Advantages/Disadvantages– Southern Advantages/DisadvantagesSouthern Advantages/Disadvantages

Problems with SecessionProblems with Secession

Physical?Physical?

Legal?Legal?

Financial?Financial?

Federal Assets?Federal Assets?

Foreign RelationsForeign Relations

Border States?Border States?

Slavery?Slavery?

Native Americans?Native Americans?

Relatives?Relatives?

Rating the North & the South

Rating the North & the South

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

The Union and Confederacy in 1861

The Union and Confederacy in 1861

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas),

July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas),

July, 1861

Outcome = both sidesrealize that the war willbe long and costly (humanand financial capital)

Wartime Diplomacy & Wartime Diplomacy & AuthorityAuthority

Issues with Britain & FranceIssues with Britain & France

Comparing the PresidentsComparing the Presidents– LincolnLincoln– DavisDavis

Role of the PresidentsRole of the Presidents– Civil LibertiesCivil Liberties– Economic strategiesEconomic strategies

Foreign AffairsForeign Affairs

Trent affairTrent affair……………………– On November 8, 1861, Charles Wilkes, a U.S. Navy On November 8, 1861, Charles Wilkes, a U.S. Navy

Officer, captured two Confederate envoys aboard the Officer, captured two Confederate envoys aboard the British mail ship, the Trent. British mail ship, the Trent. Great Britain accused the Great Britain accused the United States of violating British neutralityUnited States of violating British neutrality, and the , and the incident created a diplomatic crisis between the United incident created a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Great Britain during the Civil War.States and Great Britain during the Civil War.

Alabama and Laird RamsAlabama and Laird Rams– The controversy began when The controversy began when Confederate agents Confederate agents

contracted for warships from British boatyardscontracted for warships from British boatyards. . Disguised as merchant vessels during their construction Disguised as merchant vessels during their construction in order to circumvent British neutrality laws, the craft in order to circumvent British neutrality laws, the craft were actually intended as commerce raiders.were actually intended as commerce raiders. Under Under protest from the Union government Britain stopped protest from the Union government Britain stopped supplying ships.supplying ships.

Foreign Affairs (continued)Foreign Affairs (continued)

Maximilian and MexicoMaximilian and Mexico– The The French intervention in MexicoFrench intervention in Mexico, ,

also known as the also known as the Maximilian AffairMaximilian Affair or or The Franco-Mexican WarThe Franco-Mexican War, was an , was an invasion of Mexico by the army of the invasion of Mexico by the army of the Second French Empire, supported in the Second French Empire, supported in the beginning by the British and Spanish.beginning by the British and Spanish.

– The US Congress unanimously passed a The US Congress unanimously passed a resolution which opposed the resolution which opposed the establishment of the Mexican monarchy establishment of the Mexican monarchy on 4 April 1864. on 4 April 1864.

Civil Liberties / Role of the Civil Liberties / Role of the PresidentsPresidents

Lincoln Lincoln – Orders blockadeOrders blockade– Increased size of the Increased size of the

federal army federal army – Spends federal fundsSpends federal funds– Suspends writ of Suspends writ of

habeas corpushabeas corpus– Limits free speechLimits free speech– ‘‘Supervises’ electionsSupervises’ elections

WITHOUT WITHOUT CONGRESSIONAL CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL!!!!!APPROVAL!!!!!

DavisDavis– Limited by tradition of Limited by tradition of

State’s RightsState’s Rights– Weak central Weak central

governmentgovernment– Contribution vs. Contribution vs.

commitment by some commitment by some statesstates

Economic IssuesEconomic Issues

Northern FundingNorthern Funding– Sin taxesSin taxes– Income taxesIncome taxes– Tariffs (Morrill Tariff Tariffs (Morrill Tariff

Act)Act)– Increased money Increased money

supplysupply– War bonds (#1)War bonds (#1)– National Banking National Banking

SystemSystem

Southern FundingSouthern Funding– TaxesTaxes– DutiesDuties– War bondsWar bonds– Increased money Increased money

supply (#1)supply (#1)

Morrill Tariff ActMorrill Tariff Act

The 1862 Congress passed new laws as The 1862 Congress passed new laws as soon as the South had seceded from soon as the South had seceded from the Union. First, Northern the Union. First, Northern congressmen passed the protective congressmen passed the protective Morrill Tariff , which essentially Morrill Tariff , which essentially doubled the prewar tariffdoubled the prewar tariff. They passed . They passed the tariff not only to win more support the tariff not only to win more support from manufacturers but also because from manufacturers but also because they realized how important the they realized how important the economy would be during the war.economy would be during the war.

Early BattlesEarly BattlesPages 541-545Pages 541-545

McClellan vs. LeeMcClellan vs. Lee– IssuesIssues– ImpactsImpacts– Antietam Antietam

War at SeaWar at Sea– IssuesIssues– Role of the IroncladsRole of the Ironclads

Civil WarCivil War

NorthNorth– More resourcesMore resources– More peopleMore people– Moral causeMoral cause

Preserve UnionPreserve Union

End Slavery?End Slavery?

SouthSouth– Better military Better military

leadersleaders– Defense ofDefense of

Way of lifeWay of life

State’s rightsState’s rights

American ideals?American ideals?

Overviewof

Civil WarStrategy

:

“Anaconda”Plan

Overviewof

Civil WarStrategy

:

“Anaconda”Plan

War in the East: 1861-1862

War in the East: 1861-1862

Antietam,Maryland

September 17,1862

Antietam CasualtiesAntietam Casualties

Killed Killed – Union 2,100Union 2,100– Confederate 1,550 Confederate 1,550

Wounded Wounded – Union 9,550 Union 9,550 – Confederate 7,750 Confederate 7,750

Missing/Captured Missing/Captured – Union 750Union 750– Confederate 1,020Confederate 1,020

TotalTotal– Union 12,400Union 12,400– Confederate 10,320 Confederate 10,320

More soldiers killed or More soldiers killed or wounded in one day wounded in one day than:than:– Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War– War of 1812War of 1812– Mexican WarMexican War– Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

9x the casualties on 9x the casualties on D-DayD-Day

500 Cannons fired 500 Cannons fired 50,000 shells50,000 shells

Impacts of AntietamImpacts of Antietam

1.1. Southern opportunity to win…ends with Southern opportunity to win…ends with Lee retreating to VirginiaLee retreating to Virginia

2.2. Moral victory for the North – even though Moral victory for the North – even though it is a drawit is a draw

3.3. Provides support for Emancipation Provides support for Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

WHY?WHY?

Dual purpose: Preserve the Union and create Dual purpose: Preserve the Union and create a moral purpose for the Union Armya moral purpose for the Union Army

Lincoln’s Struggle Lincoln’s Struggle

In August 1862, Lincoln stated: "If I could In August 1862, Lincoln stated: "If I could save the union without freeing any slaves I save the union without freeing any slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that." In fact, others alone I would also do that." In fact, by that time, immense pressure was by that time, immense pressure was building to end slavery and Lincoln had building to end slavery and Lincoln had privately concluded that he could save the privately concluded that he could save the Union only by issuing an emancipation Union only by issuing an emancipation proclamation, which he had already proclamation, which he had already drafted. drafted.

The Battle of the Ironclads,

March, 1862

The Battle of the Ironclads,

March, 1862

The Monitor vs.

the Merrimac

The Monitor vs.

the Merrimac

Emancipation / Life of the Emancipation / Life of the SoldierSoldier

Pages 546-555Pages 546-555Emancipation or Proclamation?Emancipation or Proclamation?– IntentionsIntentions– ReactionsReactions– OutcomesOutcomes

Life of the SoldierLife of the Soldier– Experiences of African-American SoldiersExperiences of African-American Soldiers– Common experiences of all SoldiersCommon experiences of all Soldiers

Political IssuesPolitical Issues– Northern DemocratsNorthern Democrats– CopperheadsCopperheads

Emancipation SummaryEmancipation SummaryNow, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, war measure for suppressing said rebellion, And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free;henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. freedom of said persons. And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defense;defense; and I recommend to them that, in all cases when and I recommend to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. And I further declare and make known, And I further declare and make known, that such persons of that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United Statesof the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service. service.

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

PurposesPurposes– Moral rallying point for Union troopsMoral rallying point for Union troops– Appease abolitionistsAppease abolitionists– Create problems for the SouthCreate problems for the South

ReactionsReactions– North {Democrats & Border States}North {Democrats & Border States}– South uses EP as a diplomatic issueSouth uses EP as a diplomatic issue

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

The Southern View of Emancipation

The Southern View of Emancipation

African-Americans in Civil War Battles

African-Americans in Civil War Battles

Nathan Bedford Forrest(Captured Fort Pillow)

Nathan Bedford Forrest(Captured Fort Pillow)

262 African-Americans

295 white Unionsoldiers.

Ordered? black soldiers murdered after theysurrendered! [many white soldiers killed aswell]

Became the first GrandWizard of the Ku KluxKlan after the war.

262 African-Americans

295 white Unionsoldiers.

Ordered? black soldiers murdered after theysurrendered! [many white soldiers killed aswell]

Became the first GrandWizard of the Ku KluxKlan after the war.

Tide Turns/End of the WarTide Turns/End of the WarPages 555-561Pages 555-561

GettysburgGettysburg– SignificanceSignificance– Role of the Gettysburg AddressRole of the Gettysburg Address

William Tecumseh ShermanWilliam Tecumseh Sherman– Causes / Impacts of Total WarCauses / Impacts of Total War

Election of 1864Election of 1864

Southern Surrender – why?Southern Surrender – why?

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg CasualtiesGettysburg Casualties

Why is Gettysburg the turning point of the CW?

*Southern casualties force defensive war*

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

““Four score and seven years ago Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”all men are created equal.”

– Purpose of the Introduction? Purpose of the Introduction?

More Gettysburg AddressMore Gettysburg Address

““Now we are engaged in a great civil Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that met on a great battle-field of that war.” war.”

– Defense of War (Survival of the UNION) Defense of War (Survival of the UNION)

End of the Gettysburg End of the Gettysburg AddressAddress

““It is rather for us to be here dedicated to It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” not perish from the earth.”

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

Sherman’s

Marchthroug

hGeorgiato theSea, 1864

*TOTAL WAR

Sherman’s

Marchthroug

hGeorgiato theSea, 1864

*TOTAL WAR

Presidential

Election of 1864

Presidential

Election of 1864

The Final Virginia Campaign:1864-1865

The Final Virginia Campaign:1864-1865

End of the WarEnd of the WarAppomattox – Lee surrenders Appomattox – Lee surrenders 4/9/18654/9/1865

Lincoln assassinated – 4/14/1865Lincoln assassinated – 4/14/1865– Worse thing that could have happened Worse thing that could have happened

to the South?to the South?

Extensive Legislation Passed

Without the South in Congress

Extensive Legislation Passed

Without the South in Congress

1861 – Morrill Tariff Act

1862 – Homestead Act

1862 – Legal Tender Act

1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act

1862 – Emancipation Proclamation

1863 – Pacific Railway Act

1863 – National Bank Act

1861 – Morrill Tariff Act

1862 – Homestead Act

1862 – Legal Tender Act

1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act

1862 – Emancipation Proclamation

1863 – Pacific Railway Act

1863 – National Bank Act

Casualties on Both Sides

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other

Wars

Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other

Wars