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The Coming Of Independence
2-2
“We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang
together”
Royal Control
• Colonial Administration
– London = 3000 Miles Away.
– 2 Months To Get Messages Back and Forth.
A Federal Relationship
• London Serves As A Central Government Structure
– Defense / Foreign Affairs
– Uniform Money System
D -
“No Taxation Without Representation”
• Little, At First, Was Taken In Taxes
• Until…• George III Ascends
To The Throne
New Taxes
• Taxes Imposed to Support British Troops
• Didn’t Need The Troops In The First Place
• Colonists Had To Submit or Revolt
Growing Colonial Unity
• Many Early Attempts Were Made At Unifying The Colonies
“League Of Friendship”
• Fend Off Attacks From Native Americans• Eventually Proven To Be Not Needed
The Albany Plan
• Address The French Presence– Allies With Native Americans Were The
French…Scoundrels…
Albany Plan Proposals
• Annual Congress of the 13
• Power To:– Raise Military– Make War / Peace– Regulate Trade With Native Americans– Levy Taxes– Collect Customs Duties
• Far Ahead Of Its Time
Albany Plan
• Colonists and Crown Turn It Down
Stamp Act Congress
• Stamp Act 1765– Isn’t official unless its stamped
Stamp Act
• 9 Colonies Attend– Declaration of Rights and Grievances
• First Time Coming Together To Write It All Down
Stamp Act Congress
• Parliament Repeals – Pass New Laws To Keep Colonies Closer
• Resented By Colonists– Boycotts / Mob Violence
• And Then…
Dun Dun Dun…
The Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre
Boston Massacre
• 5 People Die
• Crispus Attux First Casualty
Organized Resistance
• Committees of Correspondence
– Boston Tea Party (1773)
First Continental Congress
• New Laws Passed By Parliament– Punishment for Boston
• Denounced by Colonists– “Intolerable Acts”
First Continental Congress
• 9/5/1774 Meeting In Philadelphia
• Debate for 2 Months
• Declaration of Rights Sent to George III Protesting All English Policies
• Colonists Urged To Boycott
• Eventually All Colonies Supported The Declaration of Rights
Second Continental Congress
• British Despised The Declaration of Rights
Second Continental Congress
• 5/16/1775 The Revolution Has Been Going on Just Short Of a Month
• All 13 Colonies Send Representatives
• Greatest Combination of Minds Ever?
Second Continental Congress
• Newcomers:– Benjamin Franklin (PA)– John Hancock (MA)
• First Order of Business Was To Organize The Continental Army– “The Funky One” Put In Charge
George “Funky G Dubb” Washington
Second Continental Congress
• Thomas Jefferson Takes Funky G Dubb’s Seat (VA)
Clearly, A Little Less Funky.
First National Government
• British – Unlawful Assembly / Traitors• Americans - Necessity
National Government
• 7/76 – 7/81
• Unicameral – Each Colony Has 1 Vote
Declaration of Independence
• 6/7/76 Richard Henry Lee (VA)
• Committee of 5 to Write It
• A “Who’s Who”– Ben Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman,
Robert Livingston, Thomas Jefferson– Typical Group Work
D of I
• 7/2 Agree Wholly To The Document
• 7/4 Adopted D of I
• Ultimately A Justification / Explanation
• 13 Independent States!
• Hooray Founding Fathers!
First State Governments
• State Governments Write Own Constitutions
• Massachusetts 1780
Common Feature Of New States
• 1. Popular Sovereignty
• 2. Limited Gov’t
• 3. Civil Liberties
• 4. Separation of Powers
Fin.