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The Cold War and Communism

WWII

Germany invades much of Europe

Battle of Britain

Leningrad, Stalingrad, Kursk

Pearl Harbor

Okinawa, Iwo Jima

Firebombing of Japanese and European cities

Atomic Bombs!

WWII was a collection of battles that spanned from 1939 –1945. All of the major countries in the world participated in some way. It was a “hot” war. Hot tempers, hot fires, etc. The next war we will be studying is known as The Cold War.

The Cold War

Two Strong countries left: The U.S. and the Soviet Union

Soviets are suspicious of the U.S. due to the Atomic bomb –still ticked off that 25 million Russians died and the U.S. took so long to help out

Communism Vs Capitalism

The Race for #1

The Berlin Airlift

The Korean War

The Bay of Pigs

The Vietnam War

The Cold War was a series of events between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that never reached an actual war. The Goal was to be #1 without destroying the world. The U.S. won, but some say the Cold War never stopped, or it is starting again.

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Cold War

What is a Communist, a Commie, or a Red?Communism : a: theory advocating elimination of private property b: a system in which goods are owned in common and are available to all as neededThe state runs the economy (businesses) and decides how much people get paidWhat group of people will be deathly afraid of this system?

Examples of Communism:

Everybody’s backpacks are emptied onto the floor. The State (me), distributes the contents so that everyone has an equal number of things.

Tests – What if all tests grades were added together and then averaged out? Everyone gets the same grade. That means the person who gets 100% on the test will receive 60%. The person who gets 30% will get 60%. What will the students who get good grades do in the future?

Employment, Education and Housing – Everyone has a job, but you do not get to decide what your job is or where you live. Everything is done for the good of the State, not the individual. The State will educate you, including college, at no cost, but you do not choose what you learn or where you go to school.

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Question

• What is Communism?• What is Capitalism?• How are they the same and how are they

different?

The Cold WarAfter WWII, there were two remaining Superpowers in the world, Russia and the U.S.The competition for global supremacy and survival between those two countries became known as the Cold WarEach country had their own reasons for this non-warThe goal was to be #1 without destroying the World

The Cold War

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Russia wanted Eastern Europe for two reasons

1) To be a buffer (protection against future attacks)

2) To use their resources and industry to rebuild Russia

The Cold War

Feb. 1946, Stalin declared that Capitalism and Communism could not coexist – established CominformCominform – an agency that coordinated the activities of Communist parties around the world

The Cold War

One month later, Churchill declared“an iron curtain has descended across the continent… This is certainly not the liberated Europe we fought to build up.”The Iron Curtain was a symbolic phrase to describe the separation of the communist and capitalist countries in Europe

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Nuclear Weapons TestingJuly, 1946, the U.S. invited the world to see how powerful our country wasThe Bikini Islands in the Pacific was used as a nuclear weapon testing ground from 1946-1958 How do you think the Soviets will view this event?

Containment

The U.S. decided the best way to confront the U.S.S.R. was to limit their influenceContainment became the official policy of the U.S. from 1946 to the presentKeep it from spreading

The Cold War

Not only will the U.S. keep Communism in a container, but the U.S. will also help countries around the world resist Communism – This is known as the Truman DoctrineThe U.S. gave millions of dollars to nations around the world to help stop Communism.

President Truman

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The Berlin Airlift

Germany was divided into 4 different sectors, the U.S., England, France and Russia – the city of Berlin was also divided in the same wayThe West decided to unify their three zones and give independence to Western Germany

The Berlin AirliftHundreds of thousands of Eastern Europeans fled Communism through the city of Berlin – this was very embarrassingto the SovietsStalin decided to shut off West Berlin from all outside help – no access by roads, water, or trainThe 2.5 million people of West Berlin were put in a tough spot.

The Berlin AirliftPresident Truman did not want to risk war with the Soviet Union, yet he did not want to give up West Berlin to the SovietsDuring the next 11months, British and American airplanes made more than 200,000 flights to deliver food, fuel, and other supplies to West Berlin in what became known as the Berlin AirliftIt worked!!!

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Soviet shameUS prestigeWest Germany and East Germany are formedThis separation lasted until 1989

N.A.T.O. and the Warsaw PactN.A.T.O. – The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created to deter a Russian attack on Western EuropeThe U.S., Canada, and Western European nations pledged to help defend each other if they were attacked – still around todayThe Warsaw Pact (1955) was the same thing except for the U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe

1949 – Russia gets the bomb!!!1949 – The Communists take over China – oh no !!! Commies make up more than a billion people and 10% of the land in the world !!!

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Question

• What was the Iron Curtain?• What is Containment?• What was the Berlin Airlift?• What is NATO and the Warsaw Pact?