Chapter 26The Cold War

EQ

What was the Cold War? How did it shape 20th Century

America?

AKS

49a - describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Berlin Airlift, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy

49b - explain the impact of the new communist regime in China, the outbreak of the Korean War, and how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy

49c - describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban missile crisis

49d - describe the Vietnam War, the Tonkin Resolution, and the Tet Offensive

49e - describe the impact of competition with the USSR, as evidenced by the launch of Sputnik I, and the ensuing space race, and President Eisenhower's actions (defense spending)

49f - explain the role of geography on the U.S. containment policy, the Korean War, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War

What does the bomb have to do with the Cold War?

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Before WWII – Balance of World Power

U.S.A.

Japan

Britain France

U.S.S.R.

Germany

After WWII – Balance of World Power

?

?

Britain

What is a “Cold War?”

?

The Cold War

The Cold War and the danger of nuclear war define international affairs, especially after the Korean War. Fear of communism in the U.S. leads to accusations against innocent citizens.

http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/coldwar/

Communism vs. Capitalism

VS

Communism

An economic system based on one-party rule, government ownership of means of production, and decision making by centralized authorities Secret Police Purges

Capitalism

An economic system in which there is private ownership of natural resources and capital goods Free enterprise

A Symbol of Peace

The United Nations 1945, United Nations established as new

peacekeeping body UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R.

compete

Review

What is a “cold war?” What started The Cold War? Who were the two super powers that

emerged from WWII? What is the UN?

What kind of drills do we have in schools today?

Presidential Profile

Harry Truman (#33) In Office: April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953 Democrat FDR’s VP “The buck stops here.” Integrated the military From Missouri Scholars consider him

one of the greatest U.S. Presidents

U.S. Aims Versus U.S.S.R. Aims in Europe

THE U.S. WANTED TO…

Create a new world order in which all nations had the right to self-determination

Gain access to raw materials and markets for its industries

Rebuild governments and create new markets

Reunite Germany

THE U.S.S.R. WANTED TO… Encourage

Communism Rebuild its war-

ravaged country using resources from Eastern Europe

Control Eastern Europe to balance U.S. influence in Western Europe

Keep Germany divided and weak

With a partner, summarize the aims of the U.S. vs The U.S.S.R.

Tension Builds

Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe Soviet Union also has great economic,

military strength Unlike U.S., Soviet Union suffered heavy

devastation on own soil Installs communist rule in satellite

nations, countries it dominates 1946, Stalin announces war between

communism, capitalism inevitable

Tension Builds (cont.)

United States Establishes a Policy of U.S. policy of containment—measures

to prevent spread of communism http://player.discoveryeducation.com/ind

ex.cfm?guidAssetId=abaeca30-fe7f-4e33-b12f-a7af60d9f3bb

What does Churchill mean by the term “Iron Curtain?”

The Iron Curtain

Review

What is a Cold War? Who were the powers involved? Describe the policy of containment. What are satellite nations? What did Churchill mean by “iron

curtain?”

Truman Doctrine

U.S. will fight for the freedom of other nations and people around the world

The Marshall Plan

1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes aid to nations in need

Marshall Plan revives 16 nations; Communist parties less appealing

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The Berlin Airlift

1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into West Berlin

Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies into West Berlin 327 days 277,000 flights 2.3 million tons of supplies

Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), German Democratic Republic (East Germany) form

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North Atlantic Treat Organization (NATO)

An attack on one is an attack on all!

China Becomes a Communist State

CHIANG KAI-SHEK

Nationalists Ruled in southern and

eastern china Relied on aid from U.S. Suffered from economic

hardship Weak leadership and poor

morale http://player.discoveryeduc

ation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=A73654F2-1561-442E-AB28-024739ECBF3B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

MAO ZEDONG

Communist Ruled in northern China Relied on aid from the

Soviets Attracted peasants with

promises of land reform Experienced Guerillas

The Korean War

The Korean War (cont.)

North Korea Attacks South Korea 1950, North Korea invades South,

begins Korean War South Korea calls on UN to stop

invasion http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudi

es/ushistory/koreanwar/ http://player.discoveryeducation.com

/index.cfm?guidAssetId=d9336fc6-d8ea-477d-ae18-373601bb882a

Review

What are satellite nations? What is the Truman Doctrine? What is the Marshall Plan? What happens in the Berlin Airlift? What happens in China? How does the Korean War start? How is Korea divided?

The Korean War (cont.)

War lasts for about 2 years 1953 armistice: Korea still divided; Lack of success, high human,

financial costs help elect Eisenhower

Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) - #34 In Office: January

20, 1953 – January 20, 1961

Supreme Allied commander in WWII

Republican From Texas Interstate system

Fear of Communism

During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of communism leads to reckless charges against innocent citizens

Fear of Communists

American Sentiments Communist takeover of Eastern Europe,

China fuel fear of its spread 100,000 in U.S. Communist Party; some

fear may be loyal to U.S.S.R

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

House Un-American Activities Committee investigates Communist ties

Hollywood blacklist—people with Communist ties, cannot get work

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3C013878-1512-43A1-AD4A-94EF5B238E70

Alger Hiss and The Rosenburgs 1949, Soviets explode atomic bomb

sooner than expected Physicist Klaus Fuchs admits giving

information about U.S. bomb Ethel, Julius Rosenberg, minor

Communist Party activists, implicated Rosenbergs sentenced to death;

Supreme Court upholds conviction http://player.discoveryeducation.com/i

ndex.cfm?guidAssetId=d82fc96a-77ba-4e5a-9861-c5f8d843a434

McCarthyism

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Review

What are satellite nations? What is the Truman Doctrine? What is the Marshall Plan? What happens in the Berlin Airlift? What happens in China? How does the Korean War start? How is Korea divided?

McCarthy’s Downfall

1954, McCarthy accuses members of U.S. Army

Televised hearings show him bullying witnesses

Loses public support; Senate condemns him for improper conduct

What does this say about America during this time?

Think (30 seconds) Pair (1 minute) Share!

Review

What was the Truman Doctrine? What is containment? What was the Marshall Plan? What happened in China? Why was this

important in the Cod War? Why was Korea divided? Where was it divided? Who was the “witch hunting” senator from

WI? What committee “blacklisted” Hollywood

insiders as communists?

Arms Race

Race for the H-Bomb H-bomb—hydrogen bomb—nuclear

weapon more powerful than atom bomb 1952, U.S. explodes first H-bomb; 1953,

Soviets explode one The Policy of Brinkmanship

willingness to risk nuclear war to prevent spread of communism

Stalin dies (1953), Khruschev takes power

Nikita Kruschev Had same goals as Stalin but favored

peaceful coexistence

Central Intelligence Agency

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) uses spies to gather information

The Warsaw Pact

Form Warsaw Pact—military alliance with 7 Eastern European countries

The Space Race

October 1957, Soviets launch Sputnik, first artificial satellite

Shocked Americans pour money into own space program

Sputnik

U-2 Incident

A U-2 Is Shot Down CIA makes secret high-altitude flights

with U-2 to spy on Soviets U-2 incident renews tension between

superpowers http://player.discoveryeducation.com/?bl

nPreviewOnly=1&guidAssetId=946d7187-1393-4450-abe5-cc8993878c2b

QUIZ – Open Notes/NO BOOK!Use your own sheet of paper to answer the following questions:1. What two nations emerged from WWII as the strongest in the world?2.What is the name of the peace-keeping force established in 1945 and still around today?3.What were the nations where the U.S.S.R. established communist governments?4.What was the name of the U.S. policy to limit the spread of communism?5.What was the name of the plan to rebuild war-devastated Europe?6.Name of the effort to fly in supplies to an isolated West Berlin?7.Who became the communist leader of China?8.What line separated North and South Korea?9.Who was the Senator that used “witch hunting” techniques to expose communists in U.S.?10.What was the name of the first satellite launched into space?

Answers

1. U.S. and Soviet Union2. U.N. or United Nations3. Satellite4. Containment5. Marshall Plan6. Berlin Airlift7. Mao Zedong8. 38th parallel9. Joseph McCarthy10.Sputnik