The Cold War: Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid. The Cold War Begins Communism (USSR) vs Capitalism (USA)

The Cold War: The Cold War: Be Afraid, Be Very AfraidBe Afraid, Be Very Afraid

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The Cold The Cold War War

BeginsBeginsCommunism (USSR) Communism (USSR)

vs vs

Capitalism (USA)Capitalism (USA)

United StatesUnited States DemocracyDemocracy - citizens - citizens

vote for leadersvote for leaders CapitalistCapitalist - Citizens own - Citizens own

businesses and decide businesses and decide how to run themhow to run them

Relatively little Relatively little government government interventionintervention

Problems with Problems with capitalismcapitalism Ruthless business Ruthless business

leadersleaders Rich get richer, poor Rich get richer, poor

suffersuffer

Soviet Union (USSR)Soviet Union (USSR) CommunistCommunist - People - People

who seek the equal who seek the equal distribution of distribution of wealthwealth

Govt. controls Govt. controls society, businessessociety, businesses

Problems with Problems with Communism - Communism - Lack of motivation in Lack of motivation in

the workplace leads the workplace leads to slow production, to slow production, lousy workmanshiplousy workmanship



Roots of Roots of the the

Cold WarCold War1945 - 19501945 - 1950

Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference Allies (US, USSR, France, Allies (US, USSR, France,

UK) decide to UK) decide to create United Nationscreate United Nations Allow for free elections Allow for free elections

and democratic govts and democratic govts in areas Axis in areas Axis controlledcontrolled

USSR fears others will USSR fears others will attack and wants some attack and wants some protection - a buffer zone protection - a buffer zone

Soviet Union violates Soviet Union violates agreement by setting up agreement by setting up communist govts in areas communist govts in areas it capturedit captured







Creation of United Creation of United NationsNations

Improved on Improved on League of NationsLeague of Nations

US joins this timeUS joins this time Has a Has a

peacekeeping force peacekeeping force Headquartered in Headquartered in

NYCNYC



Iron CurtainIron Curtain USSR seeks to have USSR seeks to have

““satellitesatellite” states in ” states in Eastern Europe to Eastern Europe to form a buffer zoneform a buffer zone

Areas USSR won in Areas USSR won in WWII became the WWII became the satellite countriessatellite countries

Churchill says “An Churchill says “An Iron CurtainIron Curtain has has descended across descended across the continent”the continent”









ContainmentContainment US seeks to stop US seeks to stop

communist expansioncommunist expansion US diplomat US diplomat George George

KennanKennan creates a creates a policy of containmentpolicy of containment

ContainmentContainment meant meant communism can exist communism can exist where it already is, where it already is, but US should try to but US should try to stop any spread to stop any spread to other countriesother countries





A nuclear explosion in 1962 as viewed through a periscope on a submarine.

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine US promises to use US promises to use

economic aid to help economic aid to help other countries fight other countries fight communismcommunism

Stops communist Stops communist revolutions in revolutions in TurkeyTurkey and and GreeceGreece

First implementation First implementation of of containmentcontainment is a is a successsuccess

Angers SovietsAngers Soviets





Where is the

location?

Whom does the bear

represent?

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan US Sec of State US Sec of State George MarshallGeorge Marshall wants to wants to

help rebuild Europe after the WWIIhelp rebuild Europe after the WWII Not done in Not done in Versailles TreatyVersailles Treaty Pumps $13 billion in supplies, machinery Pumps $13 billion in supplies, machinery

and food into western Europeand food into western Europe After two years of the plan and less than After two years of the plan and less than

five years after World War II, most areas five years after World War II, most areas were back to prewar levels and industrial were back to prewar levels and industrial production was 15 percent above.production was 15 percent above.

Weakens appeal of communismWeakens appeal of communism



Why does the American taxpayer

training Europe to ride the bike?



Whom does the defender represent?

Why would the person want to stop the Marshall Plan from succeeding?







Crisis in BerlinCrisis in Berlin Germany was controlled by communist

USSR in the east and capitalist allies in the west

West Germany - created on June 7, 1948 when Britain, France, and US agree to unite their sections. The capital of West Germany would still be West Berlin, which was in Soviet controlled East Germany.

Berlin Blockade (June 24, 1948)– USSR blocked road, river, and train travel to West Berlin in hopes of having West Germany give up West Berlin



Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

US and Britain decide to fly in food and supplies to West Berlin for 10 months so they did not have to give it up.

Stalin gives up hope of stopping West Germany from leaving Berlin in May, 1949.

Germany officially splits into two countries by the end of 1949 – West Germany (allied with the US and UK) and East Germany (controlled by the Soviets)





Two Heavily Armed Two Heavily Armed CampsCamps

Cold War – a war in which two enemies do not actually fight one another

USSR (communist) and US (capitalist and democratic) build up militaries/arms and seek allies to intimidate one another

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – formed by US, Canada and 10 Western European nations to defend themselves against the USSR. West Germany joins 6 years later.

Warsaw Pact – USSR joins the communist nations of eastern Europe to defend itself against NATO



You’ll know what all of this pictures are in the next week!



Creation of IsraelCreation of Israel

HolocaustHolocaust led people to push for a Jewish led people to push for a Jewish homelandhomeland

Great Britain agrees to leave Palestine, and two Great Britain agrees to leave Palestine, and two countries were created - countries were created - IsraelIsrael and and PalestinePalestine

Arab states attack Israel right awayArab states attack Israel right away Israel defeats the attack, and captures PalestineIsrael defeats the attack, and captures Palestine 1 million Palestinian people are refugees - still big 1 million Palestinian people are refugees - still big

trouble 50 years latertrouble 50 years later



Communism in ChinaCommunism in China

In 1949, communist leader Mao Zedong defeats Chaing Kai-shek and took control of China

Chiang Kai-Shek retreat to Taiwan, an island off the coast of China.

US recognizes the government of Taiwan as the government of all of China

USSR now has a Communist ally in Asia



How would you immediately know

Chairman Mao Zedong is

communist if I showed you this image without

labels?

Cold War FearsCold War Fears People in the US get paranoid and irrational Red Scare – US fears communists were seeking

to secretly take over the US government Blacklisting – many people, including the

actors, writers, and directors of the “Hollywood Ten,” were thought to be communists and put on non-hire lists

McCarran Act (1950) – required Communist groups in US to register and provide names of members. Truman vetoed the act (“We punish people for crimes, not for opinions.”), but Congress overrode him

Hollywood TenHollywood Ten



Front row (from left): Herbert Biberman, attorneys Martin Popper and Robert W. Kenny, Albert Maltz, Lester Cole. Middle row: Dalton Trumbo, John Howard Lawson, Alvah Bessie, Samuel Ornitz. Back row: Ring Lardner Jr., Edward Dmytryk, Adrian Scott

Duck and CoverDuck and Cover



American Spies RevealedAmerican Spies Revealed

Alger Hiss, a member of the US government in the 1930s, was accused of giving secrets to the Soviets in the 1930s. He was sent to prison for perjury (lying under oath).

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg – Communist NY couple who were accused of passing secrets about the atomic bomb to the USSR. They were executed despite shaky evidence in 1953.

Spies in America: The Rosenbergs Spies in America: The Rosenbergs Story Story

by Will Pattersonby Will Patterson



McCarthyismMcCarthyism

Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed he had a list of Communists working in the US government and conducted a hunt between 1950 and 1954.

He destroyed the lives of many people before it was discovered that McCarthy had lied about having any list

McCarthyism – describes the unproven charges to discredit someone



How are the McCarthy affair and Japanese

internment during WWII related?

Postwar EconomyPostwar Economy After WWII, the US switches from production of

war goods to consumer goods Inflation – during war, government kept the

prices of goods down. When the war ended, prices began to rise.

Labor troubles – prices were increasing faster than wages, so many unions went on strike

GI Bill (1944) – provided billions in loans for returning soldiers to attend college, set up businesses, or buy homes. This allows many soldiers to avoid having to get their jobs back from those who replaced them.



How does the GI Bill help stop a post war recession?

Truman As PresidentTruman As President National Security Act (1947) – sets up the

CIA to serve as information collectors in foreign countries

Upsets Dewey in the election of 1948 Orders the military to desegregate (end

separation of blacks and whites) Ends job discrimination against blacks in

federal agencies Most famous for dropping the atomic Most famous for dropping the atomic

bomb and involvement in Koreabomb and involvement in Korea



Be careful where you get your news -

election results from the election of 1948 from the Chicago

Tribune. Oops!

Documents

The Cold War: Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid. The Cold War Begins Communism (USSR) vs Capitalism (USA)