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The Cold War The Cold War at Home…at Home…
Communism
Write down some ideas of why you think Americans were so afraid of communism…
Ideological struggle for world influence/power
Strong communist presence in Asia & Europe
100,000 members of American Communist Party
President Truman
Portrayed by the Republicans as soft on communism
Established Loyalty Review Board
But veto's the McCarran Act Congress overrides the veto
McCarran Act
Communist organizations had to register with the Attorney General and members names to be published
Members were denied passports and jobs in government agencies and labor unions
Allowed for the detention of disloyal citizens
What do you think Truman means by, “In a free country we punish men for the crimes they commit, but never for the opinions they have.”
Increased Fear of CommunismHUAC
House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
1947 began to investigate allegations of communism in Hollywood
Investigations led to the imprisonment of the Hollywood Ten and the creation of the Hollywood Blacklist
People who were blacklisted could no longer work
Watch the following clip:1. Why does he refuse to testify?2. What experiences does he have after he is
labeled a communist?
Witnesses begin to name names due to fear of being accused of Communism
Alger Hiss
A communism spy Chambers accuses Hiss of being a spy too
Hiss worked for the State Department
Nixon pursues case A microfilm is discovered
in a pumpkin on Chamber’s farm containing secret documents written on Hiss’s typewriter
Hiss convicted of perjury
The Rosenbergs
The Rosenbergs
1949 Soviet Union explodes Atomic Bomb Americans believed it would take the USSR
another 3 to 5 years to get the bomb Therefore American communist spies must
have passed info to the USSR Rosenbergs charged with espionage During their trial they plead the fifth Sentenced to death for the crime of
espionage First U.S. Civilians to be executed for
espionage
I. Who is McCarthy I. Who is McCarthy Anyway?Anyway?
A. In 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin was looking for re-election.
B. Claimed 205 unknown Communists in state dept.
C.Opposed him= Communist
Telegram From McCarthy to Truman - 1950
Truman’s reply
McCarthyismMcCarthyism
A. Elements of McCarthyism: I. Pressure to inform on
others II. Accusation of disloyalty III. Proof not always
necessaryIV.Created a climate of
hysteria
Hearings were Hearings were UnconstitutionalUnconstitutional
A. 1st Amendment—Freedom of Speech
B. 5th Amendment—Due Process, don’t have to testify against self
C. 6th Amendment—Criminal Proceedings, right to face accuser
The Red Scare The Red Scare Comes to An EndComes to An End
A. McCarthy accuses the Army1.1954 Eisenhower
President2.Criticism from the media
B.His colleagues finally realize how ridiculous this all is and he loses re-election.