The Cold War!

Social Studies 10

Ms. Rebecca

The End of WWII……

How do you think people felt after WWII?

Which countries were on the losing side of WWII? How do you think you would feel if you were from one of those countries after WWII?

Reading Reflection Answer the following questions as a group and be prepared to share.

Last time you read an article about a former Japanese soldier who was in charge of torturing prisoners.

How were his feelings different DURING the war and AFTER the war? How are soldiers’ thoughts different from “regular” people or civilians?

Guiding Questions

1. How many people died during WWII and how might people who weren’t soldiers have died during the war?

2. What mistakes after WWI might the Allies want to avoid after WWII?

Last Unit

We learned about WWII.

Who was on the winning side?

The Allies!

Great Britian

U.S.A.

China

The Soviet Union

France

The Axis lost

Germany

Japan

Italy

The losers

Lost land and power so the winning countries had to decided what should be done with the new land.

Damage of WWII

Open your textbooks to page 461!

More people died in World War II than any other war before! (these are my own words)

“In World War I, a total of 8.5 million soldiers died. That number doubled to about 17 million in World War II”(Steck-Vaugn, 461).

What do you notice about the previous slide?

I summarized in my own words and THEN I used a direct quote from the book to support my own words! Now you need to try to do the same thing with your group! Each group will get assigned one section of Chapter 31: “After World War II” and you will need to summarize each paragraph in one sentence in your own words! THEN you will find one direct quote to support your summary

Reading Sections

Group 1: Civilians Dead section (page 462)Group 2: The United Nations section (page 463)Group 3: Many Changes (page 464)Group 4: Your job is a little different. You will define all of the “New Words” in your own words! Make sure that they are easy to understand.

When you have a summary..

EACH GROUP MEMBER:

Should copy the summary AND QUOTES into their notebooks.

You will share these with your classmates!

Now each group will share their summaries with the rest of the class

Group 1 members find a partner from Group 2 and exchange information

Group 3 members find a partner from group 4 and exchange information.

Keep finding partners from different groups until you have summaries and quotes from all 4 sections AND vocabulary in your notes!

Let’s check and make sure you have the right info!

I’ll come and check that you have summaries for all of the sections AND vocabulary terms!

Each group share what you wrote and I’ll type it into a class word doc.

Write down the following question and answer them in your notebook as you read the following slide:

Who were the two “superpowers” after WWII?

Why would it be difficult for them to reach an agreement about what should happen in Europe AFTER WWII?

What areas did the U.S. and the Soviet Union fight over?

Introduction about the U.S. and the Soviet Union AFTER WWII:

The fact that the United States and the Soviet Union successfully cooperated in defeating the Axis Powers did not necessarily mean that the two countries would continue to get along in the postwar world. After all, the two were organized on radically different principles—democratic capitalism in the former, totalitarian socialism in the latter. By early 1945 it was clear that they would emerge as the world's two "superpowers," but it was also evident that they had conflicting visions for what that postwar world should look like. A number of issues divided U.S. and Soviet policy makers, but two loomed particularly large in 1945-46: the future of Germany and the future of Eastern Europe. As a result of these controversies the chances of continued cooperation between the superpowers seemed bleak.

http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=685

Today

You will work in groups to learn about some meetings that took place between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to try to reach an agreement about what to do with Germany and Eastern Europe after the war.

The following plans

Were meant to help rebuild European countries after WWII

AND

To help prevent the spread of communism to these countries.

The Marshall Plan

Plan made by the U.S. Secretary of state, George Marshall, where America gave food, and other products to help rebuild Europe after the destruction of WWII. Why would the U.S. want to help Europe after WWII? If America helps European countries, how will those countries feel about the U.S.?

The Truman Doctrine

Was a promise made by President Truman to help provide military and economic (money) for countries that were threatened by communist takeover.

The Soviet Union tried to spread communism to Greece and Turkey and Truman send 100s of millions of dollars in aid to Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of communism.

Yalta Conference and Potsdam

Students will read excerpts from the agreements reached at Yalta and Potsdam, then, based on later documents, will study how these arrangements unraveled. Finally they will look at two opposing American views of the Soviet Union and of the strategy that the United States should use in dealing with it.

Guiding Question:

From the American perspective, why did wartime cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union collapse in 1945-46?

You should be able to answer this question by the end of the lesson!

Plans for postwar Europe

During conferences at Yalta (February 1945) and Potsdam (July-August 1945) the Allies concluded agreements for the postwar world; the most important concerned the fate of Germany and Eastern Europe.

Groups will read:

Groups 1 and 3: Yalta Conference Reading

Groups 3 and 4: Potsdam Reading

As you read:

Fill in the “Sources of Discord” worksheet that goes with the conference you are reading about

Share!

Now find someone from the other group and share information with each other!

You should have both sides of the worksheet finished after talking with someone from the other group.

Exit slip

Before you leave, you must show Ms. Rebecca the answer for the following questions:

1. What do you notice about what the Soviet Union received as a result of the 2 conferences? How does it compare to how much the U.S. and the U.K. received?

2. How do you think Americans felt about the reparations the Soviet Union received?

Do Now:

DO you think the agreements made between the Soviet Union, The U.S. and the U.K. were good ones?

Do you think everything was happy after the Yalta Conference and meeting at Potsdam?

What REALLY happened?

A Cold War

Read page 470 in your textbook together as a class.

Question to answer: Why was the “Cold War” known as “cold”? Who was involved in the Cold War?

From: Ramirez, Susan Elizabeth. “Beginnings of the Cold War”. World History: Human Legacy Modern Era. Holt Rinehart and Winston. New York. 2008.

“The Cold War Was more than a military rivalry. It was a struggle for power and control between two nations with very different forms of government, economic systems and ways of life. In short, the Cold War was a conflict between communism and capitalist democracy”(Ramirez, 481).

Work in your group to:

1. Summarize the previous quote in YOUR OWN WORDS! 2. How was the “Cold War” different from other wars?3. Which countries were involved?4. What is a communist country? What does that mean?5. What is a capitalist democracy country? What does that mean?

Guiding questions:

The U.S. and the Soviet Union were allies during WWII. So what led them to disagree after the war was over?

What are some of the main differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?

Let’s read together

The following reading is from:

Goldberg, Steven. World History Human Legacy: Modern Era. Holt, Rineheart and Winston. New York. 2008.

Questions to answer while you read: Due by end of class!

1. What did the Allies do with Germany?2. What did the Allies do with Berlin?3. What was the plan for the Nazi party?4. Who got the most reparations? Why?5. What did the Soviet Union want in Eastern Europe to “guard against another attack”?6. What did the American and British leaders think Joseph Stalin really wanted to do with Eastern Europe?

Guiding questions:

The U.S. and the Soviet Union were allies during WWII. So what led them to disagree after the war was over?

What are some of the main differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?

The Soviet Union…..

Had different ideas than the U.S. did about what should happen to Germany and Eastern Europe.

Why do you think they felt so differently?

Why did the Soviet Union want land in Eastern Europe?

The Soviet Union was damaged a lot during WWII.

They wanted land in Eastern Europe so they would be protected from future invasion from Germany.

The U.S. DIDN’T want the Soviet Union to get this land because:

Then the land in Eastern Europe would be controlled under communist/socialist ideas. NOT FREE!

Iron Curtain

There was a great divide between the Soviet Union and the Western World. British leader Winston Churchill called the division between the west and the Soviet Union an “iron curtain”.

http://www.wlu.ca/viessmann/Images/Iron_Curtain.jpg

Side note:

One of the major differences between the Soviet Union and the U.S. was that the U.S. had a Democratic Government while the Soviet Union had a Communist Government

What are the differences between the 2?

Dif b/w communism and democracy

“Democracy means freedom of speech and expression while communism is a form of government where everybody is equal in terms of class and wealth which means there are no rich people and no poor; no servant and no master. Communism up to this day is still considered by some as utopia which means it is difficult or can never be achieved” (Riro, http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080429081633AA2k1zr).

Another way to look at differencesUnited StatesElected president leads gov’t

Many different political parties with different ideas about government

Economy based on capitalism: individual businesses are pretty free to make own decisions

http://www.ideachampions.com/weblogs/american-flag-2a.jpg

Another way to look at differences

Soviet UnionDictator rules (no vote)ONE political party: CommunistSocialist economic system: The government makes all business decisions. NO individual freedom for businesses. Government OWNS all businesses.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_1923.svg/600px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_1923.svg.png

In your groups, make a Venn Diagram

In one circle fill in characteristics on the U.S.In the other fill in characteristics of the Soviet UnionIn the middle think of things that the two countries have in common.

YOU MUST HAVE 3 THINGS IN EACH SECTION!

Why did communism start?

Industrial Revolution made it so there were a FEW very rich factory owners and MANY very poor workers in those factories. Bad for many workers. Low pay, bad conditions

Why should a few men be really rich while so many are so poor?

Solution? Workers should fight back! Take over the factories and share the money they earn equally. THEN the way the whole country is run should change so that everyone has the same amount of everything but NO ONE starves!

All property is owned by everyone

FarmsFactoriesBusinessesHospitalsSchoolsHousesFoodEtc.

Good things about Communism

Universal healthcare: EVERYONE gets it! Not like in the U.S. today…..

Everyone can go to school

Industry production gets faster because people HAVE to make as much as the government says

Problems with communism

EVERYONE had to be willing to cooperate or it won’t work. Who WOULDN’T want to cooperate with Communism?

People who used to be rich!

http://community.freespeech.org/files/images/trump.jpg

What happens when you don’t cooperate with Communism?

Jail

Other Punishment

Public Embarrassment

Death?!

How do Communist Governments find out if you aren’t cooperating?

Secret Police

Why don’t Americans like the idea of Communism?

American Dream is about ANYONE being able to go from being poor to being rich! Pursuit of Happiness!

You can’t be rich under Communism

Why don’t Americans like the idea of Communism?

Secret Police and Government control of everything takes away FREEDOM!

Also why should EVERYONE get to enjoy MY hard work?

What type of people LIKE Communism? One American says:

communism is attractive to many because it gives ppl who don't like to work a reason not to. The beauty of capitalism is that the harder you work and the more productive you are, the more comfortable of a lifestyle you can enjoy. in communism, the many enjoy the hard work of the few. some ppl can't work, so i'm not bashing on them, i'm just saying there are a lot of lazy ppl out there who see communism as the answer.http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081230165610AATM7nA

Communism for farmers

PURE COMMUNISM: You have two cows. Your neighbors help you take care of them, and you all share the milk.

RUSSIAN COMMUNISM: You have two cows. You have to take care of them, but the government takes all the milk.

REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY: You have two cows. Your neighbors pick someone to tell you who gets the milk.

http://patcorkery.blogspot.com/2009/02/political-systems-for-dummies.html

http://www.thewashingtonnote.com/2%20cows.jpg

In summary

Americans and other Western Nations didn’t like communism because it was so different from their current way of life. They didn’t want it to spread because it would challenge their beliefs and if it took over, peoples’ lives would change, in their view, for the worse.

Now that you know a bit about Communism and Democracy

Why do you think that different ideas about government would lead The Soviet Union and the U.S. to not like eachother even though they were able to work together during WWII?

Now you are going to work in groups

To read about 2 different ideas about why cooperation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union broke down.

Group readings

Summary of George Kennan’s telegram and letter by Henry Wallace.

Fill in the “Sources of Discord” chart with your group and answer the questions that go along with your reading. After you are finished you will share your answers with the other group.

“Containment”

Plan by the “west” to stop the spread of communism in every possible way. Stop Soviet Union from going into areas of Europe that did not already belong to them. Reminder: What parts of Germany/Berlin were part of the Soviet Union?How do you think life was like for people in Germany during this time when 2 very different groups were controlling the country?

Exit Slip

What does a Communist country look like? How is it different from a Democratic government?

New Lesson!

Do Now:

Answer the following question in your notebooks:

What makes a good teacher? List 3 things that YOU think make a good teacher.

Some ideas:

Share as a class:

Now it’s YOUR turn!

To try to be a good teacher to your classmates.

Cold War Student-Directed Seminar Project

The final project for this class will be for you to work in a group of 2 or 3 to make a whole class period lesson on an event from the Cold War.

Things to keep in mind

Background:

This unit, we have been learning about the Cold War. We have discussed how conflicts between the Soviet Union and the U.S. led to increasing fear of nuclear war. In addition to conflict between the Soviet Union and the U.S., there were many other big events that occurred during the time period known as the Cold War

Your job

Is to teach the class about ONE of these big events of the Cold War.The Creation of the United NationsThe Building of the Berlin WallThe Cuban Missile CrisisThe Chinese Civil WarThe Korean WarThe Vietnam War (3 people)

Objectives

1. Prepare an appropriate activity and materials to help you teach about your event

To prepare enough information (in the form of a power point, readings, movie clips etc) to help your classmates understand important concepts within your topic

To provide enough discussion questions to guide learning.

To give clear directions to the students to guide them through the class period.

To extend your classmates’ knowledge of the Cold War.

To provide and environment where students are comfortable sharing ideas and asking questions.

Randomly select

Partners and topics.

Go through project and directions together

Model Lesson

The following lesson is one that I have created to show you an example of what you COULD do for your project to teach the class about your assigned topic.

Do Now:

Which country was the first to develop the atomic bomb?

How do you think that country would feel if other countries began to build their OWN atomic bombs?

Today

You are going to learn about the atomic bomb and how Americans felt about the Soviet Union having possession of such a powerful weapon.

Fallout Lesson Background reading

Read together as a class

Try to answer the following questions based on what you learn while reading:

1. Why did the relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union “break down”

2. How did the two nations compete with each other according to the reading?

Let’s look at some primary sources

Check out the Photo analysis worksheet I give you

As a class we’ll look at a brochure (in your packet) and follow through the worksheet to practice evaluating primary sources.

Now that you have an idea of how to evaluate sources

In your groups you will look at one of the pictures in the packet and evaluate it using the same worksheet.

Group 1: Photo’s 1 and 2

Group 2: Photo 3

Group 3: Photo 4

Group 4: Photo 5

Share evaluations with class!

After everyone’s done, answer the questions in the back of the packet to turn in next time!

Did you learn something?

Nuclear Warfare Quiz!

Reflection Questions

10 points!

Now that you have taught your lesson, have graded your assessments, and have feedback and comments from your peers you need to reflect on what you learned from this experience!

Get out a piece of paper and answer the following questions:

How well do you think your lesson went?

Do you think that you are a good teacher? Why or why not?

Do you think you were effective at teaching about your topic?

What would you do differently if you had to do it again?

What happened AFTER the Cold War?