The Cold WarThe Cold War1945-19891945-1989

DefinitionDefinition:: A period of A period of tensiontension and and hostilityhostility

between the between the USAUSA and the former and the former Soviet Union from 1945-1989Soviet Union from 1945-1989

No actual fighting took place No actual fighting took place between U.S. & U.S.S.R.; it was a between U.S. & U.S.S.R.; it was a war of war of wordswords, policies, & , policies, & ideasideas..

Causes: Events that Set Causes: Events that Set the Stagethe Stage

1.1. Lack of cooperation during Lack of cooperation during WWIIWWII

2.2. Yalta Conference-1945Yalta Conference-1945

3.3. Truman Doctrine and the Truman Doctrine and the Marshal PlanMarshal Plan

4.4. Formation of opposing alliances: Formation of opposing alliances: NATO and Warsaw PactNATO and Warsaw Pact

Allies??? Lack of Support Allies??? Lack of Support During WWIIDuring WWII

Although allies during WWII, the Soviet Although allies during WWII, the Soviet Union and the U.S.A. did not aide each Union and the U.S.A. did not aide each other when asked.other when asked.

When the U.S.S.R. needed help on the When the U.S.S.R. needed help on the Easter Front, the U.S.A. helped the British Easter Front, the U.S.A. helped the British and French in the West & in Africa.and French in the West & in Africa.

When the U.S.A. needed help with Japan in When the U.S.A. needed help with Japan in the Pacific theater, the U.S.S.R. failed to join the Pacific theater, the U.S.S.R. failed to join the effort until the very end.the effort until the very end.

Yalta: Division BeginsYalta: Division Begins

The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference 19451945- The “- The “big big

threethree” Churchill, ” Churchill, Roosevelt, and Roosevelt, and Stalin met to discuss Stalin met to discuss divisions in post-war divisions in post-war Germany.Germany.

USSRUSSR takes E. takes E. Germany & E. BerlinGermany & E. Berlin

USA, Britain, and USA, Britain, and FranceFrance take W. take W. Germany & W. Germany & W. BerlinBerlin

Division of GermanyDivision of Germany

Important Post-WWII Important Post-WWII American LegislationAmerican Legislation

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine: President : President Truman’s plan to provide $ to any Truman’s plan to provide $ to any country that resists communism country that resists communism (Turkey & Greece).(Turkey & Greece).

The Marshall Plan:The Marshall Plan: American financial American financial aid package designed to help Europe aid package designed to help Europe rebuild and recover after WWII ($12.5 rebuild and recover after WWII ($12.5 billion).billion).

New AlliancesNew Alliances NATONATO (North Atlantic (North Atlantic

treaty Organization)treaty Organization) Western Democratic Western Democratic

nations including nations including the the U.S., Britain, & U.S., Britain, & FranceFrance

Pledged to protect Pledged to protect each other and each other and promote promote democracydemocracy

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact Eastern European Eastern European

Communist Communist nations led by the nations led by the U.S.S.RU.S.S.R..

Pledged to protect Pledged to protect each other and each other and promote promote CommunismCommunism

The The Iron CurtainIron Curtain Drops… Drops…

Due to huge political and economic Due to huge political and economic differences between these emerging differences between these emerging ““superpowerssuperpowers”, Europe becomes ”, Europe becomes divideddivided..

Berlin Blockade and Berlin Blockade and AirliftAirlift (1948-49)- After the (1948-49)- After the

USSRUSSR set up a set up a blockadeblockade to stop to stop NATO troops from NATO troops from getting supplies to getting supplies to people in Berlin, the people in Berlin, the U.S. U.S. airliftsairlifts & & dropped supplies by dropped supplies by plane to avoid Soviet plane to avoid Soviet troops on the ground.troops on the ground.

American Cold War PoliciesAmerican Cold War Policies

ContainmentContainment - Stopping or limiting the - Stopping or limiting the spread of Communismspread of Communism

The Domino TheoryThe Domino Theory -Belief that if one -Belief that if one country falls to communism, its country falls to communism, its neighboring countries will as well, like neighboring countries will as well, like dominoesdominoes

From Policy to War…From Policy to War…the Cold War heats upthe Cold War heats up

Korean WarKorean War (1950- (1950-1953)1953)

U.S. enters Korea to U.S. enters Korea to stop Communist stop Communist North Korea from North Korea from taking over South taking over South KoreaKorea

War ends in a War ends in a stalematestalemate

Vietnam WarVietnam War ((1956-1973)1956-1973) U.S. enters war to prevent Communist North U.S. enters war to prevent Communist North

Vietnam from taking over South VietnamVietnam from taking over South Vietnam U.S. pulls out after years of failure and protests at U.S. pulls out after years of failure and protests at

homehome

The The Berlin WallBerlin Wall

1961- To prevent 1961- To prevent citizens from leaving citizens from leaving Communist East Communist East Berlin to the more Berlin to the more successful successful Democratic West Democratic West Berlin, a heavily Berlin, a heavily guarded wall was guarded wall was built. built.

Map of Berlin WallMap of Berlin Wall

““Arms RaceArms Race””

As competition between the As competition between the superpowers heated up in superpowers heated up in space, the fear of space, the fear of nuclearnuclear warwar became serious on Earthbecame serious on Earth

Both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R Both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R developed and build up developed and build up ICBMsICBMs, missiles capable of , missiles capable of carrying nuclear payloads carrying nuclear payloads thousands of milesthousands of miles

Nuclear war now a possibility!Nuclear war now a possibility!

Cold War CartoonCold War Cartoon

““The Space Race”The Space Race” Oct., 1957-Oct., 1957- Soviet Union Soviet Union

launches first satellite launches first satellite ((SputnikSputnik 1) 1)

July, 1958-July, 1958- U.S. starts U.S. starts NASANASA (National (National Aeronautics and Space Aeronautics and Space Administration)Administration)

April 1961-April 1961- U.S.S.R. send U.S.S.R. send first man into space (first man into space (YuriYuri GagarinGagarin) )

July, 1969-July, 1969- U.S. lands on U.S. lands on Moon (Moon (NeilNeil ArmstrongArmstrong))

Cold War Threatens U.S.Cold War Threatens U.S.

Cuban Missile Crisis-1962Cuban Missile Crisis-1962 The Cold War reached The Cold War reached

of height of tension of height of tension when the U.S.S.R. when the U.S.S.R. placed placed nuclear missilesnuclear missiles in in CubaCuba, only , only 9090 miles miles from the Floridafrom the Florida

The Cubans led by The Cubans led by Fidel CastroFidel Castro, and the , and the Soviets led by Soviets led by Nikita Nikita KhrushchevKhrushchev had similar had similar socialist governmentssocialist governments

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

Disaster Avoided!Disaster Avoided! Thanks to U.S. president Thanks to U.S. president KennedyKennedy

and Soviet leader and Soviet leader KhrushchevKhrushchev, , tensions finally began to ease on tensions finally began to ease on October 28 when Khrushchev October 28 when Khrushchev announced that he would dismantle announced that he would dismantle the installations and return the the installations and return the missiles to the Soviet Union, missiles to the Soviet Union, expressing his trust that the United expressing his trust that the United States would not invade Cuba States would not invade Cuba

Lets Cool It For Awhile!!Lets Cool It For Awhile!!

After the Cuban Missile Crisis things cool After the Cuban Missile Crisis things cool off a bit.off a bit.

Brinkmanship was at its height, and Brinkmanship was at its height, and dudes got scared.dudes got scared.