The Coastal policy

Coastal Policy was set up for a number of reasons.

Totally outnumbered in the naval sphere.

Persians had 400 ships in comparison to Alex’s 160.

Alex could not afford a defeat even to a superior force(note conversation with Parmenio). Morale in the army or back home in Greece would be difficult to maintain.

Land Forces were far stronger

The cost of maintaining the navy was prohibitive to Alex considering his fledgling expedition

The Athenians had a major influence within the fleet. Once the fleet was disbanded this influence becomes diluted among the total force.

Alex trusts his land force especially his Phalanx to be able to tear out the soft underbelly of the Persians

Many weaknesses with The Coastal Policy.

Allowed Persians chance to transfer war to Greece.

Allowed Persians opportunity to manoeuvre into better positions(two fronts).

Risked supply lines back to Macedon.

Remember luck of the death of Memnon.

Island and coastal fortresses became very difficult to conquer.

Hallicarnassus

Hallicarnassus

The Siege of TyreThe Siege of Tyre

Organise the key events

Alexander’s difficulties and achievements

The valiant struggle by the Tyrians

The treatment of the survivors

Tyre Stage 1Tyre Stage 1

Mole

Two Towers

Hides and Skins

Cattleboat

Tyrian Success

Step 2

Wider mole

Relentless, Implacable

Acquisition of a fleet. Cyprus + Phoenecia. Consider that the kings of the cities are with the fleets and their cities have been occupied by Alexander. It is a no brainer to come over to Alex’s side.

Reinforcements (4000)

Alexander’s Navy

Navy Continued

Step 3

Surprise of Large Fleet

Blockade of Harbours (Tyrians)

Blockade of Town (Alexander)

Artillery Ships

Large sunken stone blocks

Seige Weapons

Siege of Tyre

Step 4

Last efforts of the Tyrians

Surprise attack on the Cypriot contingent

Alex’s side careless

Alex “in person” puts them to flight

Defeat of Fleet

Location of weak spot

Step 5

Fall of city

Gangway ships used for Landing men

Observant Alexander?????

His personal command makes first breach

Importance of omens/prophecies in Plutarch

Savage Ferocity

Losses of 8,000

30,000 sold into slavery

Sacraifice to Heracles

The Fall of the City

What were the difficulties Alexander had to overcome in order to capture Tyre? (20)

What techniques did the Tyrians use in order to defend their city? (15)

What is your opinion of the treatment of the Tyrians after the capture of the city? (15)

Gaza

Egypt

Zeus Ammon