OregOn State UniverSity extenSiOn Service LincOLn

The CoasT RangeRoRegon sTaTe UniveRsiTy exTension seRviCe LinCoLn CoUnTy

March 2008 29 SE 2nd Street, Newport, Oregon 97365 Volume XXV, Issue 2

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Protecting Ground Water from Contamination

Sam Angima, Extension Agent

When we hear about environmental pollution, we may assume big industries are to blame. While this is may be true, many everyday activities around our homes and in our communities have the potential to contaminate groundwater. You have direct control over many potential contaminating activities on your property, such as how you manage your well or dispose of household hazardous waste, and how you help in recycling e.g. using backyard composting. You and your community can make a difference by taking action to promote a safe groundwater resource for the future. By individually taking small steps to correct existing ailments to the environment and getting others involved, you can make a difference. The following are the most common areas contributing

Coast Ranger Wants Your Input!

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*The COAST RANGER is on the Web (http://extension.oregonstate.edu/lincoln/coastranger/) or if you do not prefer to provide e-mail, just let us know that you will check our Website yourself. Thank you!

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OregOn nUtritiOn edUcatiOn PrOgram (OFNP) Through classes, demonstrations & displays, participants learn to make better food choices, to handle food safely, and to stretch their food dollar, as well as incorporate physical activity into their daily lifestyle.

Nutrition

HAPPY EATING! HEALTHY LIVING!the Skinny On FatS

Is there anything good about FAT?

SURE. Fat is a major source of energy for the body. It helps you absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K, and carotenoids and its important for proper growth, development, and continuing good health.

As a food ingredient, fat provides taste, consistency, and stability and helps us feel full. In addition, parents should be aware that fats are an especially important source of calories and nutrients for infants and toddlers (up to 2 years of age), who have the highest energy needs per unit of body weight of any age group.

BUT the bad ones are really bad.Saturated fat, trans fats, and cholesterol in our foods raise the bad LDL cholesterol levels in our blood, which increases the risk of coronary heart disease.Read the label!

Since 1993, the FDA has required that saturated fat and dietary cholesterol be listed on the food label. Trans fat info has been required since on January 1, 2006. Consumers now know how much of all three -- saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol -- are in the foods they choose. When comparing foods, choose those with the lower amounts of saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol. Health experts recommend that you keep your intake of these nutrients as low as possible while consuming a nutritionally ad-equate diet. But, these experts recognize that eliminating these three components entirely from your diet is not practical because they are unavoidable in ordinary diets.

Although saturated fat is the main dietary culprit that raises LDL, trans fat and dietary cholesterol also contribute significantly. Trans fat can often be found in processed foods made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils such as vegetable shortenings, some margarines (especially margarines that are harder), crackers, candies, cookies, snack foods, fried foods, and baked goods.

Choose vegetable oils (except coconut and palm kernel oils) and soft margarines (liquid, tub, or spray) more often because the amounts of saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol are lower than the amounts in solid shortenings, hard margarines, and animal fats, including butter.

Consider Fish. Most fish are lower in saturated fat than meat. Some fish, such as mackerel, sardines, and salmon, contain omega-3 fatty acids that are being studied to determine if they offer protection against heart disease.

Choose Lean Meats, such as poultry (without skin, not fried), lean beef and pork (trim visible fat, not fried). Ask Before You Order When Eating Out. A good tip to remember is to ask which fats are being used in the preparation of

your food when eating or ordering out. Watch Calories. Dont be fooled! Fats are high in calories. All sources of fat contain 9 calories per gram, making fat the

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Unsaturated fats, such as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, do not raise LDL cholesterol and are beneficial when consumed in moderation.

Oregon Sea Grant provides programs to promote and enhance a better understanding of fisheries management, working towards creating vibrant and sustainable coastal communities. Sea Grant is often a bridge between commercial fishermen and researchers, and includes projects such as Scientists and Fishermen Exchange, Port Liaison Project, Fisheries Experience Program, and Sea Safety Training. We act as a consultant on many educational programs relating to commercial fisheries, and answer a variety of marine-related questions that come to the Extension Office.

SeaGrant

Tax Information for Crewmen on Commercial Fishing Boats

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) usually considers crewmen on fishing boats self-employed. You are considered self-employed if: you are an officer or crew member of a boat that normally has a crew of fewer than 10 people; you receive no cash pay other than a share of the boats catch; your share depends on the amount of the catch. Therefore, there are no withholdings from your crew share for federal/state income taxes and social security. It is your responsibil-ity to file federal and state tax returns and pay the taxes you owe. Depending on the total yearly income and your deduc-tions and exemptions, the amount you have to pay in taxes could be from one-quarter to one-third of your gross income. Crew share you receive = gross income; Amount you pay taxes on = net taxable in-come. To minimize financial stress at tax time, each time you are paid, set aside some money to pay your taxes.

The boat owner who pays you is required to send IRS Form 1099 to you by January 31 and to the IRS by February 28. This form reports that amount of money you were paid. If your mailing address has changed during the year, be sure that all boat owners you worked for during the year have your correct mailing address. Save all your settlement sheets for the year. When you receive a Form 1088, check to see that the Social Security Number and dollar amounts listed are correct. If there are errors, promptly notify the person who is-sued your Form 1099.

Keeping good records can help minimize your taxes. Many of the expenses you incur while fishing are deductible, reducing your taxable income and taxes owed. Keep records and receipts for use at tax filing time. Keep your settlement statements and records of the money you spent on deductible expenses. Money you spent on the job equals deductible ex-penses. The following are examples of deductible expenses: gear and supplies (rain gear, boots, etc.); licenses, business telephone, airfare or travel expenses to and from port. If you are unfamiliar with tax filing and deductible expenses, get advice from an accountant or tax preparer who is familiar with the fishing industry. Your fellow crew or vessel owner may be able to help you locate competent tax advice.

If you would like a printed copy of this publication or a copy of the fishing family expense tracking system, please stop by the Lincoln County Extension Office and pick up a free copy.

Sea Grant conducted marine reserves community forums

A series of "listening and learning" forums in eight communities up and down the Oregon Coast in February 2008 gathered a wide range of interests and viewpoints to explore the issue of marine reserves.

The forums were organized by Oregon Sea Grant, the Oregon State University-based marine research and outreach program, at the request of the state's Ocean Policy Advisory Council (OPAC).

As defined by OPAC, marine reserves are areas of the ocean closed to fishing and other extractive activities in order to conserve marine habitats and biodiversity to provide reference areas for research and monitoring. Gov.

Ted Kulongoski has asked OPAC to come up with a set of recommendations for establishing "less than 10 marine reserves -- large enough for scientific testing but small enough to avoid economic or social impacts such as the loss of significant fishing opportunities."

OPAC members asked Sea Grant to conduct the community outreach process because of the program's 40-year history

of engaging with coastal communities on issues as wide-ranging as fisheries management, coastal hazards and regional research planning.

The forums were intended to engage coastal communities and ocean users, share scientific and local knowledge, and show people how they can continue to be involved in the process of nominating potential sites for marine reserves.

The forums were moderated by Ginny Goblirsch, a long-time Sea Grant Extension Agent with both professional and personal background in the fishing community. Goblirsch, who lives in Newport, was brought out of retirement to coordinate the outreach effort.

Scientific background on marine reserves was presented by Dr. Patty Burke, Marine Resources Manager for the Oregon Department of Fish and Wilflife, and Dr. Selina Heppell, a faculty researcher with the OSU Department of Fisheries and Wildlife.

Participants heard the "what and why" background about marine reserves, received copies of material OPAC intends to use to make its recommendations, and met others with whom they may continue working on the issue after the forums.

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FamilyCareConnection

Family Care Connection is a free service, making the CONNECTION for families in Lincoln County with the child care and respite care they need. As Lincoln Countys chiLd care reSOUrce & reFerraL (CCR&R) Agency, we provide a critical link for parents to child care providers in their communities and consumer education on the importance of choosing a high quality child care environment. To promote the success of child care providers we provide training, scholarships, consultations and technical assistance. As the CCR&R, Family Care Connection is the primary organization that works with and relates to all parts of the child care system families, child care providers, educators, businesses and policy makers. Our LiFeSPan reSPite care netwOrk recognizes all caregivers need occasional breaks, whether caring for a child with a disability or a spouse with dementia. Respite is a wellness concept, restoring both the emotional and physical well-being of caregivers. We connect families to respite care providers, respite payment resources and information to help families navigate the process of hiring a respite care provider.

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Family Caregiving The Economic ImpactNina Roll, Family Care Connection Director

The AARP Public Policy Institute Issue Brief - Valuing the Invaluable: A New Look at the Economic Value of Family Caregiving, which was released last year, attempted to estimate the number of family caregivers in the United States. Many factors made this a difficult task, the least of which is the lack of a standard definition of caregiving. The results cite that in November 2006, between 30 and 38 million adult caregivers (age 18 or older) provided care to adults with a limitation of an activity of daily living (referred to as ADL) or instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). This estimate also indicated these caregivers provided an average of 21 hours of care per week, or 1,080 hours per year. The dollar value of this caregiving was estimated at $350 billion in 2006 a conservative estimate.

Yet, due to the lack of a common definition this estimate does not capture all caregiving. Not included are caregivers of children under 18 with disabilities, or caregivers under age 18 who provide care to adults (primarily their parents or grandparents), or the ever increasing number of grandparents who care for grandchildren under the age of 18.

The typical caregiver is a 46 year old woman working outside the home. According to one study (Johnson and Lo Sasso 2006) caregiving responsibilities for middle-aged women reduces their paid work hours by about 41 percent. The added caregiving responsibilities for this typical mid-life caregiver have serious ramifications on the potential for earnings, job security, and retirement savings. In addition, a study by Rice University in 2004 found that when women care for a parent, they face a significant increase in the likelihood they will live in poverty and receive public assistance in later life.

Compared to the contributions of family caregivers, the cost to our economy of funding adequate services and supports is miniscule. For both ethical and economic reasons, it is vital that we prevent family caregivers from being overwhelmed by the demands that

are placed upon them. Following are just three of the seven policy recommendations from the AARP Issue Brief. The cost to implement these is a fraction of the economic value of the services of unpaid family caregivers.

Implement family-friendly workplace policies that include flextime and telecommuting, referral to supportive services, and caregiver support programs in the workplace. While large employers offer eldercare programs to help employees with caregiving responsibilities, these are still the least offered work/life benefits.Assess family caregivers own needs, such as through publicly funded home and community-based service programs, and refer them to supportive services.Provide adequate funding for the Federal Lifespan Respite Care Act. The amount originally authorized for fiscal year 2008 was $40 million; however there has yet to be any funding actually authorized for this legislation.

Supporting family caregivers will provide an excellent return on investment. And, it is critical to our health care system, our long-term care system, and to a healthy and sustainable economy.

State and federal tax credits available to help familiesNina Roll, Family Care Connection Director

Did you know that you may be eligible for tax benefits to help pay for your child care and other expenses and reduce the income taxes you pay, or increase your tax refund? When filing 2007 federal tax returns during the 2008 tax filing season, eligible families can claim up to: $4,716 from the federal Earned Income Tax Credit $2,100 from the federal Child and Dependent Care

Tax Credit $1,000 per child from the federal Child Tax Credit

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FamilyCareConnectionState and federal tax credits (cont. from page 4)

In addition, families may be eligible to claim three other state tax credits to help offset payments for child care and other household expenses:

Oregon Working Family Child Care Tax Credit State Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit State Earned Income Tax Credit

No family should pay more than their fair share of taxes. Yet, each year, millions of dollars in tax credits for Oregon families go unclaimed because many are unaware of their eligibility. Family Care Connection helps families locate child and respite care, and we understands the difficult financial situations many families face. We want to make sure that every family that is eligible knows about these valuable tax credits and takes advantage of them.

Eligible families can use these tax credits to help offset their child care expenses, including the cost of co-payments

Sam Angima, Extension AgentFlower gardens always look

even better when complimented by lawns in the goal of enjoying your home environment. The most important part of a lawn is the crown of the grass species making that lawn. In our region turf type perennial rye grass and fine fescues are recommended for lawns. Each grass species though, follows the same physiological process in producing new tillers that make up a lawn. These new tillers come from the crown. The crown is a very tightly compressed stem or growing point and sometimes referred to as the ground hugging point of the grass plant. If you take care of the crown, you take care of your lawn and vice versa. Application of fertilizers may be ineffective if your crown is damaged.

In the fall when temperatures start to fall, carbohydrates get transported to the crown where new tillers and roots for next year are formed. The remaining carbohydrates are stored in the crown over winter time. In spring, these carbohydrates are used to start growth and new leaves are formed. It is advisable

not to mow low during initial green up of your lawn and you may apply one pound of nitrogen/1000 ft2 in April, June, August and early October when and only if you have moisture.

The recommended mowing height for perennial ryegrass is 1 - 1 inches and fescue 1 - 2 inches. Only cut just 1/3 of the height of the grass leaving 2/3 to help in photosynthesis. After mowing 3-6 times in the spring, it is a good practice to mow (just once) to the lowest level of mower setting, and bag the clippings to remove old vegetation and withered grass blades from last season and get fresh growth. Allow the lawn to grow to its normal height and resume mowing at the normal level. This once-a-year procedure would typically happen in May.

Over summer our lawns go dormant (grass does not die). It is very important to protect the crown

by reducing any traffic on the grass. Likewise, during the winter months it is also important to protect the crown. Any heavy traffic on already wet and sometimes flooded soils will shear right through the crown and reduce your chances of having a healthy lawn in the spring and summer.

Parts of a grass plant system

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The Crown on Grasses and Lawns

for families that receive subsidies. Unlike child care subsidies, these tax credits are available to all families who are eligible for them. To claim any of these tax credits, families must file a tax return. For the Working Family Child Care Tax Credit, use Oregon Schedule WFC with the Oregon tax return.

In general, eligibility is based on income earned and the expenses incurred during 2007. In some cases, these credits are refundable, meaning that even if a family does not earn enough to owe income taxes, the family may be able to collect a refund check from the government. For example, the Oregon Working Family Child Care Tax Credit is fully refundable, so even if families owe no income taxes, they may still be eligible for cash refunds of up to 40% of child care payments made in 2007 to qualified child care providers.

For more information, call the Oregon Child Care Resource & Referral Network at 800-342-6712 or visit the website www.oregonchildcare.org .

Sorting through the maze of tax credits and tax forms doesnt need to be overwhelming either. There is free help available to any middle- and low-income taxpayers at the following tax preparation sites in Lincoln County:Lincoln City (through April 12)Lincoln Community Senior Center2150 NE Oar PlaceWalk-in Thursday 1-4 pm

Friday 1-4 pm Saturday 9 am-1 pmFamilies should bring the following information with them: 2007 tax forms and preparation booklet Copy of last year's income tax returns W-2 forms from each employer Unemployment compensation statements SSA-1099 form if you were paid Social Security benefits All forms indicating federal income tax paid 1099-R forms if you received a pension or annuity

Newport (through April 11)Newport Adult Activities Center 20 SE 2nd StWalk-In Wednesday 9 am-2 pm Friday 9 am-2pm

All 1099 forms (1099-INT, 1099-DIV, 1099-misc., etc.) showing interest and/or dividends as well as documentation showing the original purchase price of your sold assets

Child care provider information (name, employer ID, Social Security number) All receipts or canceled checks if itemizing deductions Social Security numbers for all dependents.

Waldport (through April 15)Washington Federal Savings325 NW HemlockWalk-In Tuesday 10 am-2pm

Wednesday 10 am-2pm

1st Annual 4-H and FFA Willamette Valley Sheep Clinic Rickreall, OR

Saturday May 3rd will be the first annual Willamette Valley Sheep Clinic at the Polk County Fairgrounds in Rickreall. Workshop topics will include: Showing, Fitting, Judging, Feeding, Management, Quality Assurance, and Marketing your Market Lamb. Each workshop will be tailored to skill level so participants get the most out of each session. Registration for 4-H members is $10.00 and $15.00 for non 4-Hers. There is only space for 75 participants so get your registration in soon! This sounds like a great opportunity for first year sheep showers and veterans too! Registration forms can be emailed to you or picked up at the office. Contact Vanessa for more information.

Horse and Animal LeasesAnyone planning on leasing an animal to show at county

fair needs to have a lease agreement on file at the extension office. Horse leases are due April 15th by 5:00pm and all other animal leases are due by May 15th at 5:00pm. Contact Vanessa if you need more information.

Horse Pre-FairIt is not to soon to be thinking about Pre-Fair! Registration

forms will be available on April 1st. Stop by the office to pick one up. Keep working hard on your projects and we hope to see you on May 10th.

Horse Clinic in AprilOn Saturday April 12th, Silverado Riders will be hosting a

horse clinic at the Lincoln County Fairgrounds from 12:30pm-2:30pm. Guest speaker Dr. Brown, from Animal Medical Care, will be covering a wide variety of topics related to horses and horse health. This will be a great opportunity to learn how to better care for your horse and ask to questions. Hope to see you there! *Points are available for this clinic

4-H and High School Equestrian Teams Candi Bothum, 4-H Program Coordinator - Deschutes County

As the popularity of High School Equestrian Teams grows throughout the state, it becomes necessary to remind folks of a few of the major differences. As most know, the 4-H horse program has been in existence for over 100 years, the high school equestrian team for about 10.

However, were beginning to see youth who have never done 4-H horse before enjoying HS Equestrian and then choosing to sign up for 4-H to continue their work with their horse and of course, the reverse is true as well. This is awesome, if managed well; these programs can compliment each other in many good ways. Its very important, that these folks understand the rule differences and abide by the rules of their county 4-H programs when participating in 4-H and HS Equestrian with the same horse. Some of the major differences include:

Horse possession and training datesno trainers (in some counties no one else) riding the horse 90 days before your county fair.

Scoring is Danish Meritbased on 100 points possible and broken into three categories depending on the event (except trail and dressage).

In most counties, there are no team events and no team events at state fair.

Often record books or other requirements must be met in order to exhibit at the county fair. Showmanship is required!

In gaming, you must receive a blue ribbon time in each event at the county fair in order to exhibit at the state fair (you only get one chance).

There are five gaming events at state fair and at most county shows: nsca flags, Texas barrels, poles, figure 8, and key race (not keyhole).

Chin straps are required on snaffle bits.You will not ride the same pattern over and over AND you

probably wont know what it is until the show.Its OK to touch your horse in 4-H showmanship when

doing the forehand turn or side passing.Be sure new members and their families read the contest

book, so they are aware of all the differences.

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New State Fair Classes for Science, Engineering and Technology (SET)Oregon State 4-H has released new SET (science, engineering and technology) categories that can be judged at State Fair. Youth do not need to be enrolled in the project area to compete, but do needed to be enrolled in 4-H. SET Categories are:

Software Application, Word Processing

Software Application, Excel/Spreadsheet Software Application, Presentation Software

Software Application, Graphic Design/Digital Imaging

Software Application, Database Management

Robotics GPS/GIS, Projects GPS/GIS, Maps

Geography Aerospace/Aeronautics

Rocketry

Software Application, Multimedia Projects Programming

Hardware Design Lego robotics, Robot Construction Lego robotics, Programming task

Lego robotics Displays

Other opportunities for SET participation at state fair are Bot Challenges and Robot Presentations (individual or teams). More information on SET project descriptions and judging criteria can be found at http://oregon.4h.oregonstate.edu/resources/materials.html or call Vanessa for more information.

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Lorraine Rich,4-H Program Assistant

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Vanessa Klingensmith,4-H Agent

Important Dates to RememberAll events are subject to change, please verify times and locations with the Extension Office, just in case.

LCEO = Lincoln County Extension Office LCFG = Lincoln County Fair Grounds

March3rd Leaders Association Meeting, 6:30pm LCEO6th - 9th Western Regional Leaders Forum, Boise, ID10th Feed & Selection Seminar, 6pm, Newport Feed Corral 14th College Scholarships Applications DUE by 5pm at LCEO15th Market Steer Weigh In, 9am LCFG18th Animal Science Meeting, 6:30pm LCEO18th Auction Committee Meeting, 7:30pm LCEO19th 4-H Presentations, starting at 1pm First Christian Church, Newport24th Horse Committee Meeting, 6:30pm LCEO29th-30th Spring Fling Bazaar, 10am-4pm LCFG April1st Lockler Loan Applications for Sheep and Swine due by 5pm at LCEO7th Leaders Association Meeting, 6:30pm LCEO11th-12th State Leaders Forum, Dallas OR12th Horse Clinic 15th Animal Science Meeting, 6:30pm LCEO15th Auction Committee Meeting, 7:30pm LCEO18th-20th Spring Horse Classic, Pendleton26th 4-H Leaders and Supporters Banquet 5:30pm Silent Auction, 6:30pm dinner LCFG28th Horse Committee Meeting, 6:30pm LCEO

May3rd Loyalty Days Parade3rd Willamette Valley Sheep Clinic Polk County5th Leaders Association Meeting, 6:30pm LCEO5th-10th Rabies Clinic Week10th Horse Pre Fair, 9am LCFG17th Dippity Ewe, 8am LCFG17th Market Lamb, Swine and Goat Weigh In following Dippity Ewe LCFG19th Horse Committee Meeting, 6:30pm LCEO20th Animal Science Meeting, 6:30pm LCEO20th Auction Committee Meeting, 7:30pm LCEO26th Memorial Day Extension Office Closed31st Bow Wow by the Sea, 9am LCFG

Nominations needed for Leaders Association Council Seats

March is the month to nominate fellow 4-H Leaders and Junior Leaders to be on the Leaders Association for the 2008-2009 4-H year. There are currently six council seats available and all nominations need to be made by March 31st to any current council member or to Becky Goulet at 336-2204 or rrgoulet@charter.net. Voting will take place at the 4-H Leaders and Supporters Banquet in April. Please take a moment to nominate someone to be a part of this very important section of our 4-H program. If you need more information on the Leaders Association and what they do for our program please call the Extension Office.

Lincoln County 4-H Leaders Banquet 5:30pm Silent Auction and Dinner at 6:30pm

This years annual Leaders Banquet will be on April 26th at the Lincoln County Fairgrounds Main Hall. It will be a potluck at 6:30pm, so bring your favorite dish!

Leaders will be honored with pins and certificates for all the extraordinary work they do. Individuals, businesses, 4-H alumni and volunteers are presented with special awards. The recipients of local 4-H college scholarships will also be announced. There is going to be a silent auction at 5:30pm, assembled by the Horse Committee, to raise money for 4-H activities. If you would like to donate items to the silent auction please contact Sandy Patterson at 444-2029.

2nd Annual Youth Show Pig Workshop and SaleIf you are in need of a market hog for this years county fair you should check out this sale in Corvallis on March 15th. A nutrition and management workshop will start at 10am. Sale preview and lunch will be at noon with the sale starting at 1:30pm. If you would like more information on this event please contact Vanessa.

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4-HCLOVERCONNECTIONJapanese Exchange Program

We have one family in Newport who will be hosting a 12 year old Japanese boy from July 25 until August 22. It would be really great to have at least one more family to host, so the families and youth can get together during the month and provide some social time. If you might be interested in hosting, please give Lorraine or Vanessa a call at 574-6534. The children are from 10 to 18 years old and you are not required to plan special activities for them. They are coming to experience the everyday American lifestyle. You do not need to be a 4-H family to host, but you do need to have a child in the household of the same approximate age as the visitor.

Youth Forum 2008

The OSU Challenge Course came to Newport on February 18 as the activity for the annual 4-H Youth Forum this year. Twenty youth, from ages 11-17, set goals, determined strategies, organized teams and did some creative problem solving to reach those goals. This 4 hour course was brought to the Lincoln County Fairgrounds by 4-H staff, using grant money from the Lincoln Commission on Children and Families.

We had a list of topics that the Challenge Course could address, stated Program Assistant Lorraine Rich, and we chose communication, camaraderie, leadership/followership and goal setting. These were the topics we thought would help 4-Hers deal with problems they encounter in a club setting, school, county fair competition, or later on in daily life. We hope that the kids had a fantastic time and took away some skills to help them as they get older.

Bowl-for-Fun Fundraiser

The annual Bowl-For-Fun was held at Harmony Lanes in Toledo on January

26. A total of $1,097 was brought in, with a profit of $840.50 made for youth and leader participation in special events as well as the general fund. Fifty-six youth and adults bowled for 4-H, and over 100 prizes were given throughout

the event. Suzie Clement was the announcer for the event and Becky Goulet was in charge of the planning. Many thanks to Harmony Lanes for their cooperation in the event.

Everyone Invited to Spring Fling!The Lincoln County 4-H Leaders Association is hosting

the second annual Spring Fling Bazaar on March 29 and 30 at the Lincoln County Fairground Main Exhibit Hall, from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Open to the public, this will be an opportunity to purchase unique spring and Mothers Day gifts from local crafters. In addition, 4-H is partnering with Food Share and a small donation of two cans of food or 50 cents admission to the event will go to the agency.

Tables for vendors will be rented for $15 per day or $30 for the two days, and those wishing to rent table space should contact Yvonne Erickson at 528-3325.

A table with free crafting activities will be available to keep the kids busy while the adults shop or adult shoppers can take a break and let their creative juices flow.

Chili, clam chowder, cream cheese and bagels and an assortment of fresh breads and rolls will be available for purchase and the profits will go to scholarships for 4-H youth who are going to the American Youth Foundations Leadership Conference in Michigan this summer.

New 4-H Fishing Club!Hook, Line and Sinker is the name of a new 4-H fishing

club, started by Dan Kamikawa, a fisheries biologist with the National Marine Fisheries Service. He and his wife, Betty, live in Toledo and have one daughter, Hanna, who just joined 4-H last year. The group will initially be covering basic rigging, knots, and types of terminal gear for different fishing situations.

If your child is interested in joining this new group for ages 10 and up, please call Dan at 270-1178. They may bring their own gear, or some gear will be available for loan.

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Feed and Selection SeminarOn March 10th at 6pm there will be a feed and

selection seminar at The Feed Corral in Newport. A rep from Purina feeds will be talking about proper feeding techniques for swine, sheep and cattle. They will also cover what to look for when selecting an animal for show. It is highly recommend that members who are raising market animals or breeding projects attend this workshop and ask questions. If you have any questions, contact Shawna at The Feed Corral, 265-8299.

4-H'er shows his great bowling form at the annual "Bowl for Fun"

"Bowling is a ball!" Colleen Hickey from the Winter Creek 4-H Riding Club participates in the "Bowl for Fun" fundraiser at Harmony Lanes in Toledo on January 26th.

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PRESENTATION CONTESTWednesday, March 19, 2008 - 1:00 p.m.

First Christian Church, 809 SE 2nd Street, Newport (across from Newport Elks Lodge)Registration Form (Deadline: 3/14/08)

Team of twoIndividual Junior (4th, 5th, 6th grades)Individual Intermediate (7th, 8th, 9th grades)Individual Senior (10th, 11th, 12th grades)

Name: ___________________________________________ Grade ___________

Address: _______________________________________________________________________

Name: ___________________________________________ Grade ___________

Address: _______________________________________________________________________

Club Leader's name: ____________________________________________________________

Title of presentation: _____________________________________________________________

Do you need a specific time? ______________________________________________________

I will use the following: ___ outdoor area ___ electricity ___ table ___ easel ___ stove top ___ microwave ___ oven ___ other needs: _____________________________

4-H'ers Participate in annual Children's Festival

4-H Paws in the Rain Dog Show-TillamookThe 13th annual Paws in the Rain Dog Show will be May 10th at the Tillamook County Fairgrounds. If you register before May

2nd class fees are only $6.00 ($3.00 for additional dogs) or registrations the day of the show are $7.00. Information can be emailed to you or picked up at the OSU Extension Office (contact Vanessa).

CHILDREN'S FESTIVAL Caption: Members of the K-9 Krusaders 4-H Club demonstrate dog obedience at the Children's Festival at Yaquina View School on February 2nd. This was the club's 21st year participating in the festival, under the leadership of Sue Giles Green. 4-H also offered free face painting and a small animal petting station at the event.

4-H Leader, Sara Gibson, along with 4-H members, painted lots of faces, including Barrett Gibson & Emma Brown

4-HCLOVERCONNECTION2008 Horse Bowl Teams

Wow! What a turn out for this years Horse Bowl! A great big thank you goes to all the youth who participated and all the adults who volunteered their time.

2008 State Leaders Forum Pathway to Possibilities

The Oregon State Leaders Forum is held annually to provide continuing education opportunities for 4-H Leaders. This years forum will be held in Polk County and will include workshops on variety of topics related to 4-H projects and youth development. Mark your calendar for April 11th and 12th for this GREAT chance to work with, talk to and learn from other leaders from across the state. Registration materials are available at http://oregon.4h.oregonstate.edu/people/volunteers/forum_or_leaders.html or they can be picked up at the extension office. Feel free to contact the Lincoln County Leaders Association to inquire about scholarship money for this event.

OSU Summer Conference *Remember many youth were awarded leadership development scholarships at the October Youth Awards Day to attend either Summer Conference or I Dare You.

This years conference will be June 25th-28th. All 4-Hers in the 7th-12th grade can spend 4 days at Oregon State University making new friends, attending workshops and doing lots of fun activities. Workshops come in a wide variety of topics, some of last years classes included: Art, Science, Technology, Leadership, Dance, Adventure, Cooking, Dog Agility and Ambassador Training. The registration is fee is $200.00. There is funding available from Leaders Association for events like this, contact the extension office for more information.

Check this web site for additional information: http://oregon.4h.oregonstate.edu/programs/events/summer_conference.html

Dippity Ewe and Shearing TooLincoln County Animal Science will host

their annual event at the fairgrounds. This is a great opportunity to get your sheep sheared, vaccinated and manicured. Plus, it helps 4-H too! Flyers and registration forms will be available at the extension office mid-March. Please contact Theresa Young at 444-2711 for more information or if you are interested in helping.

I Dare You Leadership Camp

*Remember many youth were awarded leadership development scholarships at

the October Youth Awards Day to attend either Summer Conference or I Dare You.

Camp will be August 1st-8th this year. At the Leadership Conference, participants between the ages 15-20 come together from around the country and the globe, making friendships that last a lifetime while creating a support system that remains in place even after they leave the conference. Cost for the camp is $535 for first and second year campers,

plus the cost of airfare. For youth who are third or fourth year campers registration is $383, plus airfare. Registration and tuition deadline is June 22nd.

You can contact the extension office for registration materials/additional information or download forms at: http://www.ayf.com/youth-development-leadership-conference.aspLockler Loans Market Lambs or Market Hogs

Applications for a market lamb or market hog Lockler Loan are due at the extension office by 5:00pm on April 1st. Materials and more information can be found at http://extension.oregonstate.edu/lincoln/4h/documents/2007GreenBook.pdf under appendix III or call Vanessa at 574-6534.Market Animal Possession/Weigh-In Deadlines

All large auction animals in Lincoln County need to be weighed and tagged by their possession deadline/weigh-in date. Tagging these animals is needed to ensure all market animals are in the care of youth by the possession deadline and weighing animals gives exhibitors a starting weight so they can determine their animals rate of gain. Requirements are as follows: Auction Animal Weigh In Date Market Steers March 15 Market Lamb May 17 Market Hog May 17 Market Goat May 17

Any market poultry, rabbits or ducks will be weighed in at county fair. More information on the small animal market program is available at the extension office.

Clatsop County 4-H Rabbit and Cavy Show

This years show will be May 10th at the Clatsop County Fairgrounds in Astoria. Events include: Showmanship (pre-registration required), Educational Displays (pre-registration required), Judging, Breed ID and a Breeding Stock Silent Auction. Registration forms can be emailed or picked up at the Extension Office (contact Vanessa).

Coast Ranger, Page 10

State Qualifying Intermediates:1. Katie Joynt2. Haylie Martin 3. Shantelle Brown 4. Mckenna Swinford

5. Ivy Jones (alternate)

State Qualifying Seniors:1. Tiffany Druba 2. Brittany Rogers 3. Reanna Meier 4. Kyra Young 5. Colleen Welke (alternate)

FORESTRYForestryGlenn Ahrens, OSU Extension ForesterFallen Trees across Property Lines

Fallen trees across property lines are a frequent occurrence. A fallen tree is generally considered to be the personal property of the owner of the land where the tree was rooted. And the owner of the tree is responsible for retrieving it. So there are potential issues for neighbors pertaining to 1) trespassing onto another owners property to retrieve your trees, or 2) taking/degrading value of someone elses tree that fell on your land. Some communication and agreement between neighbors is usually the best way to resolve potential issues. If a tree or log was carried by flood water to another property, it still belongs to the original owner if it is identified and there is a one-year deadline for removal. Tree Planting Season

Are you planning to plant trees and have you found all the seedlings you need this year or next year? Note that recent blow-down will trigger even more need for reforestation. Most conifer seedlings are at least a 2-year nursery crop - whats there now is all there will be through 2009 - get your conifer orders in ASAP. If you are interested in growing red alder, they are usually 1-year seedlings so its possible that new orders made now can be grown for 2009. For the current season, seedlings are still available for most species. However, if you dont already have a contract, larger orders (10,000 plus) may be hard to fill.

Two good sources of information on seedling availability are: 1) ODFs Sources of Forest Nursery Seedlings, on the web at http://egov.oregon.gov/ODF/PRIVATE_FORESTS/docs/2005catalog.pdf2) The Oregon Association of Nurserymen catalogue, available on the web at http://www.nurseryguide.com/

Oregon Woodland Cooperative (Oregon Woodland Management and Sales Cooperative)

The Oregon Woodland Co-op was formed in the early 1980s to provide small woodland owning members with management (planning, silvicultural prescription, harvest and planting) and marketing (timber for highest value) services. The Co-op is registered as a cooperative with the state of Oregon, and is intended and able to provide its services state-wide. In 2005 the Co-op acquired a grant from the USDA Rural Business and Cooperative Service to prepare a business plan, and that has been followed with another grant to provide working capital to implement the new plan. The new Co-op business plan calls for expanding management services to include a broader range of timber and non-timber products, and to increase marketing benefits and member returns by leveraging the increased supply base offered by cooperative marketing, and expanding value-added product opportunities. The Co-op has contracted for expert marketing skills and other member services through the recently acquired grant.

The Co-op can be reached through the Oregon Small Woodlands Association (503-588-1813), at P.O. Box 144, Banks, OR 97206, or at tnygren@juno.com (Tom Nygren, President).Forest Market Report

It is unfortunate that timber values are so low at this time. But it is important to take steps to maintain and recover the value of what you have. If you are thinking of selling fallen trees, where possible, determine the desired lengths before you cut trees into logs. It is best to know the destination for your logs and have

log length and trim specifications from the purchaser. The new and improved Forestry Extension Program Marketing website has two very useful pages to help you find markets and buyers. First is the Oregon Forest Industry Directory on the internet at http://www.orforestdirectory.com/.Another good Forestry Extension webpage is the resources for selling timber site at http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/extended/extserv/resources.php. (cont. on page 12)

Whats Ahead for Timber Prices- Watch the Housing Market

Rick Fletcher, OSU Forestry ExtensionWith the Oregon wood products industry heavily linked

with building products, downturns in housing such as we are currently seeing, have drastic consequences for timber prices. Prices for Douglas-fir logs are currently 20-25% lower than they were one year ago. The housing market in the United States set records for home sales, home starts, and appreciation of housing prices in 2005. In 2006, this trend reversed with a 10% drop in total home sales, 13% drop in housing starts, and housing prices appreciating by just a few percentage points. Mortgage markets and home sales continued to dive in 2007. A recent article in OSUs Wood Innovation Center Newsletter offered the following analysis:

While the short term outlook for the housing market shows signs of a slowdown, a report recently released by the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University (http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/) shows a positive outlook in the long term. The report, called The State of The Nations Housing 2007, credits Immigrants and their native born children with providing strong potential for growth in the future. Household growth for the period 2005-2015 is predicted to exceed the strong growth seen from 1995-2005 by more than 2.0 million units. The report does not indicate when the current downturn will end, discussing how the length and depth of this correction will depend on the economy, relying on growth in employment and interest rates. Additionally, the ability of builders to move excess supply will have some influence.

The report highlights several reasons for optimism on the long-term outlook for the U.S. housing market. Baby boomers reaching the age where they are looking for a second-home, echo boomers are moving into the prime age for forming households, record setting immigration, and rising income are reasons for an optimistic outlook over the next decade. Additionally, increasingly restrictive policies on development will drive the prices of housing up. These factors should combine to result in a demand for housing for 2005-2014 of approximately 19.5 million homes; surpassing the 1995-2004 level of 18.1 million. The full version of this report can be viewed at: http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/publications/markets/son2007/index.htm.

If the expected recovery in the housing market happens, markets for timber from local forests should also recover. This is good news for local tree farmers, if you can wait. In the meantime, landowners may want to concentrate their marketing efforts on hardwoods, and pulpwood, both markets that are still doing well. In addition, harvests that need to be done for other reasons (storm damaged trees, insect and disease killed trees, or overdue thinnings) might rise to the top of the list.

Coast Ranger, Page 11

FORESTRY(cont.)

Domestic prices for delivered logs of common species and grades in Northwest OregonSummarized from the ODF Log prices web page:

http://egov.oregon.gov/ODF/STATE_FORESTS/TIMBER_SALES/logpage.shtml

Prices are delivered or Pond value. Dollar values are not adjusted for inflation.Prices reported by Oregon Department of Forestry.

mbf = thousand board feet, Scribner log scale 2S = No. 2 Sawmill, 12-inch min. dia. logs, sound, tight knots, not to exceed 21/2 diameter 3S = No. 3 Sawmill, 6-inch min. dia., knots not to exceed 3 diameter, 50 bd. ft. min. volume CR = Camp Run (Log production from the forest of the species or group of species being logged, that are better than Cull grade)

The prices above are average quotes from sawmills, reflecting general market trends. If you are thinking of selling YOUR timber, it is best to have an accurate appraisal of log values and negotiate specific prices accordingly with log buyers.

Domestic prices for delivered logs of common species and grades in Northwest OregonSummarized from the ODF Log prices web page:

http://egov.oregon.gov/ODF/STATE_FORESTS/TIMBER_SALES/logpage.shtml

March and April Community Discussion TopicsEvery last Thursday of the month from 6-7 pm, we hold a one-hour discussion session on a favorite topic identified by the

community.

Thursday March 27th, we will be discussing vegetable gardening. As spring rolls in many of us enjoy growing our own vegetables and this class will touch on what you need to do to be successful.

Thursday April 24th, we will discuss managing your forestry enterprise. Forestry is more than just trees. There are soils, other plants, wildlife, recreation and other management strategies you can do to get more out of the trees and from under the trees. We will start with a simple conifer ID exercise at 6 pm. Registration is free and the public is invited to attend. Please call 574-6534 to register, and for information

on this and future topics. All meetings are at the Extension Office Conference Room located at 29 SE 2nd Street, in Newport.

Species Log Grade 4th Qtr 2007 $/mbf

3rd Qtr 2007$/mbf

2nd Qtr 2007 $/mbf

1 year ago $/mbf

Douglas-fir 2S3S

470385

540460

575535

580515

Western Hemlock 2S3S

330300

380340

400375

385370

Sitka Spruce 2S3S

370280

355330

400395

430400

Western Redcedar 2S3S

10001000

1,0001,000

1,0251,025

1,0001,000

Red Alder CR (5"+) pulp/utility12-in. + 10 to 11-in. 8 to 9-in

625400770715645

675345810760700

710390980935815

595385705580455

FORESTRY (cont. from page 11)

Sea Grant conducted marine reserves community forums (cont. from page 3)Targeted participants included:Commercial, charter and recreational fishermenSeafood industry and fishing support servicesPort commissioners and managersCommunity conservation leadersCoastal recreation interestsLocal government and staffThe public at large

Sea Grant is under a mid-March OPAC deadline to conduct these and other listening and engagement activities and deliver an interim outreach report to the Governor, OPAC, and state agencies involved in the marines reserves process. One possible outcome could be the formation of local nearshore working groups to further study the issue and, if they choose, nominate areas in their regions as potential marine reserves.

Coast Ranger, Page 12

Coast Ranger, Page 13

naturalresources(cont.)USDA Announces Dates for New Livestock & Crop Disaster Programs Dan Sundseth, USDA Farm Service Agency

The U.S. Department of Agriculture has announced sign-up dates for the new Livestock Compensation Program, Livestock Indemnity Program, and Crop Disaster Program. The three ad-hoc disaster programs provide benefits to farmers and ranchers who suffered losses caused by natural disasters in recent years. Eligible ranchers and other livestock producers can apply to receive benefits under the Livestock Compensation Program (LCP) and Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP) beginning September 10, 2007. Eligible farmers can sign-up for the Crop Disaster Program (CDP) beginning October 15, 2007. USDA will announce and conduct a CDP sign-up for quality losses as soon as possible.

The LCP compensates livestock producers for feed losses occurring between January 1, 2005 and February 28, 2007, due to a natural disaster recognized by a presidential or secretarial disaster designation. Livestock eligible for LCP are: dairy cattle, beef cattle, buffalo, beefalo, catfish, crawfish, equine, sheep, goats, swine, poultry or deer. Producers may receive a maximum of $80,000 in LCP benefits. Producers must provide livestock numbers as of the date the disaster began based on the designation. They must also certify to the percentage of feed loss and provide receipts for feed purchases.

The LIP is similar in provisions as the LCP but compensates for livestock deaths as a result of disaster designations during the same time period as LCP. Supporting documentation of livestock deaths must be provided.

The CDP provides benefits to producers who suffered in excess of 35% loss in quantity and quality losses resulting from natural disasters in 2005, 2006 or 2007 if the crop was planted before February 28, 2007. Only producers who obtained federal crop insurance or Noninsured Assistance Program (NAP) coverage for the year of loss are eligible.

Additional information regarding this and other USDA programs is available from Farm Service Agency, located at 33630 McFarland Rd in Tangent.

Internet users may access program fact sheets and forms at the following web address: www.fsa.usda.gov.

Wool, Mohair, and Unshorn Pelt Payments Available

Producers have until January 31, 2007 to apply to receive payments through the Farm Service Agencys Wool, Mohair, and Unshorn Pelt program. The payments are available to any producer who applies for payment prior to selling their 2007-crop wool, mohair, and/or unshorn lambs.

Census Gives Farmers a Voice in their Future

Americas farmers and ranchers will soon have the opportunity to make their voices heard and help shape the future of agriculture for years to come. That opportunity will come to their mailboxes in the form of the 2007

Census of Agriculture. Conducted every five years by the US Department of Agriculture, the Census is a complete count of the nations farms and ranches and the people who operate them. The Census looks at land use and ownership, operator characteristics, production practices, income and expenditures and other topics. It provides the only source of uniform, comprehensive agricultural data for every county in the nation.

USDAs National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) mailed out Census forms on December 28, 2007 to collect data for the 2007 calendar year. Completed forms are due by February 4, 2008. Producers can return their forms by mail or, for the first time, they have the convenient option of filling out the Census online via a secure web site.

Chris Mertz, director of the Oregon Field Office of NASS, says, Regardless of how large or small their operations is or what kinds of products they produce, Oregon farmers and ranchers will help themselves and their communities by filling out the Census of Agriculture and returning it promptly. He added, We want farmers and ranchers to know: the Census of Agriculture is their voice, their future and their responsibility.

For more information about the 2007 Census of Agriculture, please contact the NASS Oregon Field Office at (503)326-2131 or visit www.agcensus.usda.gov online.

Agriculture Financing Available Through USDA1) BEGINNING FARMER AND RANCHER PROGRAM - FSA has a special down payment FO loan program to assist beginning farmers and ranchers to purchase a farm or ranch. This program also provides a means for retiring farmers and ranchers to transfer their land to a future generation.

2) 4-H AND FFA PROJECTS - Are you part of a 4-H group or involved in FFA?? Do you have a project in mind or want to expand your current project, but dont have the funds to do it??

Come Check Out the Farm Service Agency Youth Loan Program. It was established to help people between ages 10 through 20 to establish and operate income-producing projects. To qualify for a loan, you must be a citizen of the USA or permanent resident, be unable to get a loan from other sources and live in a small community. If this sounds like you or someone you know, please call your local Farm Service Agency and ask to talk with a loan officer.3) LAND CONTRACT GUARANTEE FOR BEGINNING FARMERS

The Land Contract Guarantee Program involves land sales contracts used for transferring land from sellers to beginning farmers. Beginning farmers are defined as not having farmed for more than 10 years.

Under the program, sellers are provided a 10-year guarantee. In the event the buyer does not pay an installment, FSA will provide the scheduled payment to the seller though an escrow agent. The guarantee is limited to two installments and the contract cannot exceed $500,000

*For more information regarding any Farm Service Agency Loan program- Please call (541) 967-5925, Ext. 2.

communitynews

April 11, 12 & 13 in the Exhibition Hall at the Lincoln County Fairgrounds!

Lincoln County MASTER GARDENER Volunteers will be on hand to help with:FREE Soil pH testing

(call OSU Extension Office, 574-6534, for information on how to take a soil sample)Garden Questions

Educational information, including native plants & noxious weeds

*

**

Happy Eating (cont. from page 2)

HOME & GARDEN SHOW

most concentrated source of calories. By comparison, carbohydrates and protein have only 4 calories per gram.

Here are two actions consumers can take to keep their intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol low:

o Look at the Nutrition Facts panel when comparing products. Choose foods low in the combined amount of saturated fat and trans fat and low in cholesterol as part of a nutritionally adequate diet. o When possible, substitute alternative fats that are higher in mono- and polyunsaturated fats like olive oil, canola oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil and corn oil.

Need More Information? Questions and Answers on the Trans Fat Final Rule http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/qatrans2.html Backgrounder http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/transfat/backgrounder.html Guidance on How to Understand and Use the Nutrition Facts Panel on Food Labels http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/foodlab.htmlQuiz --Test Your Food Label Knowledge http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/flquiz1.htmlFederal Register Final Rule: Trans Fatty Acids in Nutrition Labeling, Nutrient Content Claims and Health Claims http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr03711a.html Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Trans Fatty Acids in Nutrition Labeling; Consumer Research to Consider Nutrient Content and Health Claims and Possible Footnote or Disclosure Statements http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr03711b.html

Master Gardener PLANT SALE Saturday, May 17th, 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. at the Lincoln County Fairgrounds Main Exhibit Hall Master Gardener volunteers will be on hand to answer garden questions

Featuring:AnnualsPerennialsVeggiesNative plantsSoil pH testingGarden toolsBook SaleCompost info

********

Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities, and materials without discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, marital status, disability, or disabled veteran or Vietnam-era veteran status. Oregon State University Extension Service is an Equal Opportunity Employer. This publication will be made available in accessible formats upon request. Please call 541-574-6534 for information.

How to reach us: Lincoln County Extension Office 29 SE 2nd Street, Newport, OR 97365 Phone: 541-574-6534 Toll Free: 888-350-2125 Office Hours: 8 a.m.-12 Noon & 1-5 p.m., Monday-Thursday Support Staff: Patty Mann, 8 a.m.-12 Noon Friday (closed Friday afternoon) Judy Pelletier & Kathy Buisman

WesternOregon

GardenCalendar

MarchWestern Oregon: If soil is dry enough, begin vegetable

garden soil preparation and plant cool- season crops (peas, lettuce, cabbage, onions, kale, chard).

Central Oregon: Plant seed flats of cole crops (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts).

Central Oregon: Plant chard. Divide hosta, daylilies, and mums. Plan and plant an edible landscape or flower bed. If you lack in-ground gardening space, plan a container

garden: grow radishes, carrots, lettuce, and tomatoes (during the warm season).

Fertilize evergreen shrubs and trees. Monitor landscape plants for problems. Do not treat unless a

problem is identified. If necessary, treat crowns of raspberry plants with registered

insecticides to control raspberry cane borer. Plant berry crops (strawberries, raspberries, blueberries,

blackberries, currants, gooseberries, and other berry-producing crop plants). See OSU Extension publications for varieties.

Fertilize caneberries (broadcast or band a complete fertilizer or manure).

Prune gooseberries and currants; fertilize with manure or a complete fertilizer.

Spray trees and shrubs for webworms and leafrollers, if present.

Take geraniums, begonias, and fuchsias from storage. Water and fertilize. Cut back if necessary. Move outdoors next month.

Fertilize rhododendrons, camellias, azaleas with acid-type fertilizer.

Spray to control leaf and twig fungus diseases in sycamore, hawthorn, and willow trees.

Use stored scion wood to graft fruit and ornamental trees. Treat lawns for European crane fly if damage has been

diagnosed. Spread compost over garden and landscape areas. Best time of year to thatch and renovate lawns. Plan the vegetable garden carefully for spring, summer, and

fall vegetables that can be eaten fresh or preserved. Learn to identify the predatory insects that can help to keep

aphids and other pests under control. Protect new plant growth from slugs. Use bait or traps. Prune spring-flowering shrubs after blossoms fade. Trim or shear heather when bloom period is finished. Start tuberous begonias indoors. Plant insectary plants to attract beneficial insects to the

garden. Do not compost grass clippings from lawns where weed-

and-feed products or herbicides have been used.

Oregon State University Extension Service encourages sustainable gardening practices. Always identify and monitor problems before acting. First consider cultural controls; then physical, biological, and chemical controls (which include insecticidal soaps, horticultural oils, botanical insecticides, organic and synthetic pesticides). Always consider the least toxic approach first. All recommendations in this calendar are not necessarily applicable to all areas of Oregon. For more information, contact your local office of the OSU Extension Service.

Coast Ranger, Page 15

For more information about gardening, visit the OSU Extension Service Web site at http://extension.oregonstate.edu/gardening/

April Early April: fertilize lawn, let spring rains carry the

fertilizer into the soil. If lawns are becoming thin and sickly, consider

overseeding with a mixture of perennial ryegrass and fine fescue.

Protect dogwood trees, as they begin growth, against anthracnose diseases. Apply a copper fungicide or Daconil. Rake and destroy fallen leaves spring through fall.

Help youngsters start a garden this year with carrots, chard, lettuce, onions, and peas.

Bait for slugs; iron phosphate baits are available that are safe for use around pets. Clean up hiding places for slugs, sowbugs, and millipedes.

Allow foliage of spring-flowering bulbs to brown and die down before removing.

Prune and shape or thin spring-blooming shrubs and trees after blossoms fade.

Control rose diseases such as black spot and powdery mildew. Remove infected leaves. Spray as necessary with registered fungicide. Prune ornamentals for air circulation and to help prevent fungus diseases.

Prepare garden soil for spring planting. Incorporate generous amounts of organic materials and other amendments as needs are shown by soil analysis.

Plant early broccoli varieties for western Oregon: Green Valiant, Premium Crop, Packman, or Rosalind.

Use floating row covers to keep insects such as beet leaf miners, cabbage maggot adult flies, and carrot rust flies away from susceptible crops.

Monitor strawberries for spittlebugs and aphids; control if present.

Cut and remove weeds near the garden to remove sources of plant virus diseases.

Spray for apple scab, cherry brown rot, and blossom blight. See EC 631, Controlling Diseases and Insects in Home Orchards.

Apply commercial fertilizers, manure, or compost to cane, bush (gooseberries, currants, and blueberries), and trailing berries.

Plant gladioli, hardy transplants of alyssum, phlox, and marigolds, if weather and soil conditions permit.

Prepare raised beds in areas where cold soils and poor drainage are a continuing problem. Add generous amounts of organic materials.

Place compost or well decomposed manure around perennial vegetable plants.

Watch for botrytis blight on peonies. Check started seeds for damping-off. Cover transplants to protect against late spring frosts. Plant these vegetables:Oregon coast: beets, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, celery,

chard, slicing cucumbers, endive, leeks, lettuce, onion sets, peas, potatoes.

to groundwater contamination.

WellsWells are used by rural homesteads, businesses, farms and

some urban areas. Properly constructed and maintained wells are typically not a risk to groundwater. However, some wells may serve as a direct pathway for contamination to reach groundwater. It is the responsibility of the well owner to inspect and properly maintain the well. Well holes are lined with a pipe called a casing. Please check and make sure the well casings have a water-tight cover, extend at least one foot above the land surface, are sealed with grout 18 feet deep or more and have no holes, cracks, or other damage. Accidental siphoning of contaminated water down a well, known as backflow is another risk to groundwater. Unused wells should be sealed so that contamination cannot reach groundwater.

If you use a well for drinking water, remember to test the water every 1-3 years for nitrate and bacteria (see a list of state laboratories that test water at http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/orelap/docs/waterlab.pdf ). Inspect your well annually and make repairs as needed. Clean out your well house (move hazardous materials at least 50 feet from the well), and install backflow prevention devices.Septic Systems

Septic systems are used in all homes and businesses not connected to public sewer systems to treat wastewater. Solids are removed from the wastewater in the septic tank and the remaining wastewater flows to the drainfield where it percolates into the soil. Natural biological and chemical actions in the soil remove most of the hazardous substances from the wastewater, but there are exceptions. Nitrate is not removed by the soil as the wastewater percolates downward. Ideally, septic systems should be spaced far enough apart that the nitrate simply is diluted by the great volume of groundwater under the acres of land surrounding the septic system. When there are many septic systems close together, however, there often isnt enough groundwater for dilution. Current standards in Oregon require that wells be at least 50 feet from septic tanks and 100 feet from drainfields. Some older systems dont have adequate separation distance. Failing septic systems dont treat wastewater adequately and can allow raw sewage to reach the groundwater.

Failing septic systems are largely due to: poor design or installation, failure to pump the tank on a regular schedule, damage to the drainfield, disposal of household chemicals, such as paint thinner, into the system, overloading the system by using a garbage disposal, too many people in the household for the size of the system, use of septic tank additives, drain cleaners, or lots of harsh household chemicals, and sometimes too many closely spaced septic systems in a limited area.

You can reduce contamination of groundwater by: pumping your septic tank every 2-5 years depending on household and tank size, installing water-saving devices to reduce water usage in the home, and not using septic system additives, garbage disposal, or harsh drain cleaners. Always protect the drainfield area from damage by vehicles, heavy animals, or construction and promptly repair or upgrade your system if a need is indicated by inspection. Home, Garden, and Automotive Chemicals

Chemicals like paint thinners, pesticides, petroleum-based cleaners, degreasers, motor oil, poisons, oil-based paint, photographic chemicals, polishing compounds, and other toxic substances used around the home can end up in the groundwater if not handled carefully. Please ensure that you buy exactly what you need and select the least-toxic alternative. Always read product labels for proper use, precautions, and container disposal; store chemicals in sealed containers in a secure location; recycle products that can be recycled, such as motor oil and some paints; take advantage of hazardous waste collection opportunities and clean up dumps, burn areas, or spills on your property Fertilizers

Farmers, home gardeners, nurseries, commercial landscapers, golf course crews, and sports field maintenance staff all add nitrogen fertilizer to the soil to encourage healthy plant growth as well as increase productivity of our agricultural crops. Regardless of the form of nitrogen added -- chemical fertilizer, an organic mix, manure, or sewage sludge, soil organisms convert it to nitrate before plants take it up. Nitrate leaches through soil very easily. If too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the extra nitrate ends up in groundwater. To reduce this hazard to groundwater contamination, always test your soil and adjust pH before adding fertilizer; consider the potential of nitrate to leach to groundwater when deciding fertilizer quantity, timing, and application method; do not fertilize in summer and winter time when plant growth is restricted; and select the right landscape plants for your climate and soil type as they usually need less fertilizer to stay healthy.

The following publications are available online from OSU to help you in under and reduce groundwater contamination. 12 Simple Things You Can Do To Protect Your Well Water (http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/em/em8651-e.pdf)

Keeping Your Well Water Well (In Spanish Agua Limpia en Su Pozo) http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/em/em8752-s-e.pdf

Backflow Protection for Private Water Systems (http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/ec/ec1488.pdf

Septic Tank Maintenance http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/ec/ec1343.pdf

Why Do Septic Systems Fail? http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/ec/ec1340.pdf

Gardening and Water Quality Protection: Understanding Nitrogen Fertilizers http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/ec/ec1492.pdf

Gardening and Water Quality Protection: Using Nitrogen Fertilizers Wisely http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/ec/ec1493.pdf

Naturalresources

Protecting Ground Water from Contamination (cont. from page 1)