The Clash of Values

Section 1The Clash of ValuesNativism Resurges1920s opened with an economic recession, influx of immigrants, and racial and cultural tensionsPrejudice against many Germans and CommunistsEventually prejudice towards all immigrantsDuring WWI immigration to the U.S. dropped dramatically1921 immigration returnedMany Americans saw immigrants as a threat to stability and orderAlso a threat to the military men and women trying to find jobsThe Sacco-Vanzettie Case2 employees were shot and killed at the Slater & Morrill Shoe Company in South Braintree, Massachusetts2 men robbed the company of $15,000Nicola Sacco, a shoemaker, and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, a fish peddler were accusedAnarchists- people who oppose all forms of governmentSacco owned a gun similar to the murder weapon and the bullets matchedNot sure if they were guilty but people jumped to that conclusionCont.People believed they were guilty because they were Italian immigrantsOthers viewed the case as an example of prejudice against immigrantsJuly 14, 1921 jury found men guilty and judge sentenced them to deathNumerous appeals were filed for a new trial but all were deniedApril 23, 1927 commission studied verdict and upheld the decisionAugust 23, 1927 2 men were executed

Return of the Ku Klux KlanKKK was at the forefront of movement restricting immigrationOld Klan Flourished in South after Civil WarUsed threats and violence to intimidate African AmericansNew KlanTargeted Catholics, Jews, immigrantsOther groups believed to represent un-American valuesWilliam J. Simmons founded the new KKK in Atlanta, GAFighting for AmericanismCont.New Klan got off to a slow start with few members by 1920Simmons hired Edward Young Clarke and Elizabeth Tyler as recruitersPaid them $8 for every $10 initiation fee for a new Klan recruitPaid more than 1,000 sales-people to promote the KlanKKK exploded to 4 million by 1924 and it spread into Northern cities, not just SouthernKlan declined in late 1920s due to scandals, power struggles, and reduction in immigration due to immigration lawsKlan never had major impact again

Emergency Quota ActEmergency Quota Act- established a temporary quota system limiting immigrationSigned by President Harding in 19213% of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the United States could be admitted in a single yearEx. If there were 100 Italians in the United States then only 3 Italians could come to the United States that given yearRestricted number of immigrants from all countries and discriminated heavily

Hispanic Immigration to U.S.First wave of Mexican immigration to the U.S. followed the passage of the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902, which provided funds for irrigation projects in the SouthwestFactory farms soon dominated the land and a need for laborers arose1914, 70,000 Mexican immigrants poured inBetween 1914-1920, 600,000 poured inNational Origins Act of 1924 exempted natives of the Western Hemisphere from the quota systemDemand for cheap farm labor increased and so did Mexican immigrants crossing the borderNew MoralityRead this sectionWomen in 1920sWomens fashion changed in the 1920sBobbed hair, flesh-colored silk stockings, and admired youthful look of movie starsFlapper- a young, dramatic, and stylish womanWomen smoked cigarettes, drank prohibited liquor, and dressed in attire considered too revealingWomen began entering the workforce as salesclerks, secretaries, or telephone operatorsFew made contributions in science, medicine, law, or literature

Fundamentalist BeliefsBelieved the Bible was literally true and without errorRejected Charles Darwins theory of evolutionEvolution- human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of yearsBelieved in creationismCreationism- belief that God created the world as described in the BibleBilly Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson were 2 popular preachersSunday, former baseball player, drew large crowds for his sermonsMcPherson used theatrical style with stage sets and costumes to express her sermons

The Scopes TrialRead this Section

ProhibitionRead this SectionPolice powersSpeakeasies