The Civil WarThe Civil WarTexas HistoryTexas History

Chapter 15Chapter 15

Issues Divide the CountryIssues Divide the Country

The new The new Republican Republican Party Party was was supported in the supported in the North and North and opposed slaveryopposed slavery

South DisagreesSouth Disagrees

Southerners Southerners believed a victory believed a victory for the Republican for the Republican Party Party would mean would mean the end of slavery the end of slavery and the Southern and the Southern way of lifeway of life

South DisagreesSouth Disagrees

The South The South believed in believed in state’s state’s rights,rights, or that the or that the federal federal government government should have should have limited power over limited power over states.states.

South DisagreesSouth Disagrees

If the Republicans If the Republicans won the 1860 won the 1860 election, Southern election, Southern leaders threatened leaders threatened to to secedesecede from the from the UnionUnion

Secede:Secede: to to withdrawwithdraw

South DisagreesSouth Disagrees

Southern Southern Democrats: Democrats: political political party supported party supported slavery and against slavery and against high tariffs, a high tariffs, a homestead act and homestead act and internal internal improvements.improvements.

SecessionSecession

Members of the Members of the 1861 1861 Montgomery Montgomery Convention Convention in in Alabama formed Alabama formed the Confederate the Confederate States of America States of America and drew up a and drew up a constitution.constitution.

SecessionSecession

The Confederate The Confederate Constitution gave Constitution gave more power to the more power to the states and states and legalized slavery.legalized slavery.

SecessionSecessionTexas Secession Texas Secession Convention met in Convention met in Austin in January Austin in January 1861 and adopted 1861 and adopted decree called the decree called the Ordinance of Ordinance of Secession. Secession. Ordinance means Ordinance means local law.local law.

SecessionSecession

The decree The decree ordered all state ordered all state officials to take an officials to take an oath of allegiance oath of allegiance to the to the Confederacy.Confederacy.

UnionistsUnionistsSome Texans who Some Texans who supported the United supported the United States joined the States joined the Union army.Union army.

Unionists: Unionists: people who people who supported the Union supported the Union in in the Civil Warthe Civil War

VigilantesVigilantesVigilantes were Vigilantes were citizens who act as citizens who act as an unauthorized an unauthorized police police for an area. for an area. Vigilantes in Vigilantes in Gainesville, TX Gainesville, TX hung 40 suspected hung 40 suspected Unionists.Unionists.

New PresidentsNew Presidents Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln

was elected the was elected the President of the President of the United States in United States in 18601860

Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis was elected the was elected the President of the President of the ConfederacyConfederacy

United States of AmericaUnited States of America

President Lincoln President Lincoln believed in the believed in the sovereignty, or sovereignty, or supreme powersupreme power, of , of the United States the United States of America.of America.

United States of AmericaUnited States of AmericaLincoln believed that Lincoln believed that the Union would be the Union would be perpetualperpetual, or , or continuing forever, continuing forever, and no problems and no problems between the states between the states were were insurmountableinsurmountable, , or impossible to or impossible to overcome. overcome.

War BeginsWar Begins April 12, 1861: April 12, 1861:

Union troops Union troops refused to evacuate refused to evacuate Fort Sumter Fort Sumter in in South CarolinaSouth Carolina

Confederates Confederates opened fire, opened fire, beginning the Civil beginning the Civil WarWar

Civil War CommandersCivil War Commanders Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant

was commander of was commander of the Union forcesthe Union forces

Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee was was commander of the commander of the Confederate forcesConfederate forces

Texans Go To WarTexans Go To War ConscriptionConscription: the : the

forced enrollment forced enrollment of people into of people into military servicemilitary service

More than 60,000 More than 60,000 Texans joined the Texans joined the ConfederacyConfederacy

Fighting for GalvestonFighting for Galveston Vital to Confederate Vital to Confederate

chain of supplieschain of supplies Union navy blockaded Union navy blockaded

portsports Blockade:Blockade: to isolate a to isolate a

particular enemy by particular enemy by using troops or ships to using troops or ships to prevent the passage of prevent the passage of supplies or people.supplies or people.

Battle of Sabine PassBattle of Sabine Pass

Union troops Union troops attempted to attempted to capture Houston capture Houston and Galveston.and Galveston.

Preventive strike: Preventive strike: action taken to action taken to prevent a possible prevent a possible future attackfuture attack

Battle of Sabine PassBattle of Sabine Pass

Important victory Important victory for the for the Confederacy; Confederacy; prevented Union prevented Union plans to launch a plans to launch a major campaign major campaign against Texasagainst Texas

Terry’s Texas RangersTerry’s Texas Rangers Officially known Officially known

as the 8as the 8thth Texas Texas Calvary RegimentCalvary Regiment

Fought in more Fought in more battles than any battles than any other cavalry other cavalry regiment in the regiment in the Civil WarCivil War

Hood’s Texas BrigadeHood’s Texas Brigade

Fought in many of Fought in many of the great battles of the great battles of the Civil War; the Civil War; called some of the called some of the finest soldiers by finest soldiers by General Robert E. General Robert E. Lee.Lee.

Albert Sidney JohnstonAlbert Sidney Johnston

Commander of the Commander of the Army of the Army of the Republic of Texas. Republic of Texas. He was the He was the second-highest second-highest ranking general in ranking general in the Confederate the Confederate army.army.

Colonel Santos BenavidesColonel Santos Benavides

He was the He was the highest ranking highest ranking Mexican-American Mexican-American officer to fight for officer to fight for the Confederacy.the Confederacy.

Milton HollandMilton Holland

African American African American who won the who won the Medal of Honor Medal of Honor fighting for the fighting for the Union.Union.

ShortagesShortages Homespun:Homespun:

clothing made of clothing made of coarse fabriccoarse fabric

Substitutes for Substitutes for coffee and teacoffee and tea

ShortagesShortages Lack of Lack of

medicines, medicines, paper, salt, flourpaper, salt, flour

Quinine:Quinine: important drug important drug used to fight used to fight malariamalaria

Civil War EndsCivil War Ends

April 9, 1865: General April 9, 1865: General Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee surrendered surrendered Confederate armies to Confederate armies to General Ulysses S. General Ulysses S. Grant at Grant at Appomattox Appomattox Courthouse Courthouse in Virginiain Virginia

Civil War EndsCivil War Ends Palmito RanchPalmito Ranch, near , near

Brownsville, was the Brownsville, was the last battle of the Civil last battle of the Civil War.War.

Texans learned from Texans learned from Union prisoners that Union prisoners that Lee had surrendered Lee had surrendered a month earliera month earlier

Union is PreservedUnion is Preserved

The North’s victory The North’s victory meant the Union of meant the Union of the United States the United States had been had been preserved.preserved.

Slavery endedSlavery ended More than 600,000 More than 600,000

soldiers diedsoldiers died

Lincoln AssassinationLincoln Assassination

John Wilkes Booth John Wilkes Booth shot and killed shot and killed President Lincoln President Lincoln just five days after just five days after Lee’s surrender at Lee’s surrender at Appomattox.Appomattox.

Good Luck on Your Test!!Good Luck on Your Test!!