The Civil WarThe Civil War

• Politics in the SouthPolitics in the South What was the war about? *States Rights v. *Federal Power

• Mobilizing an ArmyMobilizing an Army Draft (conscription) and Taxes

• States RightsStates Rights (South) (will not cooperate with each other)

• Help from EuropeHelp from Europe -Recognition as a independent Nation -Great Britain (HELP)

•18 to 35 (able bodied whites)

•1864 losses changed to 17 to 50

•Rich planters were exempt (20+)

•Most southerners fighting DIDN’T Own a slave

Politics in the NorthPolitics in the North (is it worth it?)– UNIFY the Country

• Tensions w/ Great BritainTensions w/ Great Britain– Push them to remain NEUTRALPush them to remain NEUTRAL

• Financial MeasuresFinancial Measures - 3% income tax -national currency (GreenbacksGreenbacks)

• Emergency Wartime MeasuresEmergency Wartime Measures -Draft / “Lincoln declares Martial Law & Arrests” CopperheadsCopperheads – Writ of Habeas Corpus

SUSPENDED– NO TRIAL / NO HEARINGS

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

•92% were 92% were volunteers volunteers

•Age 20 to 45 for Age 20 to 45 for Three (3) yearsThree (3) years

•Allowed Allowed Substitutes to be Substitutes to be

hiredhired

•Pay $300 to Pay $300 to avoid avoid

ConscriptionConscription

• BOUNTY BOUNTY JUMPERSJUMPERS

•92% were 92% were volunteers volunteers

•Age 20 to 45 for Age 20 to 45 for Three (3) yearsThree (3) years

•Allowed Allowed Substitutes to be Substitutes to be

hiredhired

•Pay $300 to Pay $300 to avoid avoid

ConscriptionConscription

• BOUNTY BOUNTY JUMPERSJUMPERS

Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC

Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

Recruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)1863 1863

•poor crowded into poor crowded into slumsslums

•Poverty-Crime-Poverty-Crime-Disease are rampantDisease are rampant

•Poor white Poor white (immigrant) workers (immigrant) workers - against fighting a - against fighting a war to free slaves war to free slaves ((who is freeing mewho is freeing me?)?)

•Fear “free” blacks Fear “free” blacks competing for jobscompeting for jobs

1863 1863

•poor crowded into poor crowded into slumsslums

•Poverty-Crime-Poverty-Crime-Disease are rampantDisease are rampant

•Poor white Poor white (immigrant) workers (immigrant) workers - against fighting a - against fighting a war to free slaves war to free slaves ((who is freeing mewho is freeing me?)?)

•Fear “free” blacks Fear “free” blacks competing for jobscompeting for jobs

Political & Economic Fear (NATIVISM)

• North - $$$$ Economic Boom $$$$ -Immense Profits / Jobs Growth -Sets Economy for next 100 yrs. -1st Income Tax1st Income Tax (to pay for war)

• Trans-Continental RRTrans-Continental RR: 1862: 1862 • Homestead ActHomestead Act: 18621862

westward westward expansionexpansion

• Medical Improvements– Sanitary Commissions– “Angels of the Battlefield”

Clara Barton - The Red CrossClara Barton - The Red Cross

• (Antiseptic for Wounds) (Antiseptic for Wounds) – Joseph Lister (1865 England)Joseph Lister (1865 England)

The Hardships of War . . .• The Southern EconomyThe Southern Economy (blockade effects)

* inflation and starvation * Lack of Labor * Women Fill Jobs * Food v. Cotton * Hyper Inflation Prices

• Prison CampsPrison Camps (north & south) (Camp AndersonvilleAndersonville - South Georgia)

(Camp DouglasDouglas - Chicago) “Eighty Acres of HellEighty Acres of Hell”

Emancipation and the WarEmancipation and the War . . . . • Lincoln and the issue of slaveryLincoln and the issue of slavery

– Personal View (moral issue) • But did Federal Gov’t have authority

to abolish it where it already existed?

– Military Strategy (win the war)

• Force British Neutrality• Slaves (in south) could be

“freed” by Army as they fight– Would hurt their war effort

– Abolitionist’s PUSH the effort• African-American’s want to fight

Emancipation and the WarEmancipation and the War . . . . • Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Jan. 1, 1863 - Slavery issue of War

• Results of the ProclamationResults of the Proclamation– Was a Military Action - Was a Military Action - NONO Immediate Effect Immediate Effect

–OnlyOnly applied to areas applied to areas ((to be conqueredto be conquered)) behind Confederate Lines behind Confederate Lines

• Reaction to the ProclamationReaction to the Proclamation -Promised Freedom if Union WINS -Inspired runaways/ Join to fight -Pressures England (NOT) support South

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

• Slavery becomes the “Main Issue”Slavery becomes the “Main Issue” - Hurt the south’s war effort - Abolitionist’s (Radical Republicans) - Foreign Aid for the South

African Americans FightAfrican Americans Fight The The ContrabandContraband Issue Issue Re-enslaved / Shot on Sight

• New York City Draft RiotsNew York City Draft Riots

– Political / Economic Fear (NATIVISM)• The New York City Draft Riots of 1863

• African American SoldiersAfrican American Soldiers -by 1865 180,000 had joined -54th Massachusets

• (Ft. Wagner,SC)– Movie: GLORYGLORY

• Sgt. William Carney (Congressional Medal of Honor)

• April 12, 1861 Confederate Troops fire on Union troops in Fort Sumter

• April 15th Lincoln calls for volunteers to Stop the Rebellion ( Preserve the Union )

• Other States Secede VA, NC, TN, AR

• Border Slaves States remain in the Union DE, MD, KY, MO

• Copper Heads – Southern sympathizers in North (Border States)

UNION

CONFEDERACY

Civil War 1861-1865

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

CIVIL WARWestern Campaign

BATTLES

Eastern Campaign

BATTLES1861

1862

1863

1864

1865

“CIVIL WAR”

18611861

18621862

18631863

18641864

18651865

Eastern CampaignEastern Campaign

BATTLESBATTLESJuly - 1st Battle of Bull Run

March - Monitor v. Merrimac

Aug - 2nd Battle of Bull Run

Sept - Antietam

Dec - Fredericksburg

May - Chancellorsville

July 3 - Gettysburg

March – Grant Eastern Commander

* Lincoln Re-Elected

Grant Wears Down Lee

April - Richmond Surrenders

Western CampaignWestern Campaign

BATTLESBATTLES

Feb - Grant / Tennessee

April - Battle of Shiloh

June - Memphis

- New Orleans

July 4 - Vicksburg Surrenders

Sept - Chickamauga

Nov - Chattanooga

Sherman Attacks Georgia

Sept - Atlanta Captured

* Sherman’s March to the SEA *

Civil War Strategy

The The UNIONUNION “Anaconda” “Anaconda” PlanPlan

The The UNIONUNION “Anaconda” “Anaconda” PlanPlan Capture the

capital of the Confederacy (Richmond, VA)

Capture the Mississippi R. and Split the Confederacy

Blockade the Confederacy and … STARVE TO DEATH!

Eastern Campaign

Western Campaign

War Strategies (Union v. Confederate)• UnionUnion - Anaconda Plan

(Three Prong Attack) 1- capture Richmond (capital) 2- capture Mississippi River 3- Blockade the South (starvation)

• SouthSouth - War of Attrition fight to make the other side “QUIT”

• 11stst Modern Industrial War Modern Industrial War– New War Technologies (mass production)– Trench Warfare

• Means EXTREMELY HIGH CASUALTIESEXTREMELY HIGH CASUALTIES

North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861

North South

Advantages ? ?

Disadvantages

? ?

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources: Resources:

North & North &

the Souththe South

Resources: Resources:

North & North &

the Souththe South

Men Men

for Duty for Duty in the in the

Civil WarCivil War

Men Men

for Duty for Duty in the in the

Civil WarCivil War

Advantage & Disadvantage• UNIONUNION + + • +population 22 mil.

( 3 X fighting men) • +90% of Factories • +2/3 Railroads • +3/4 countries

Financial resource • +Civil Leadership• DisadvantagesDisadvantages • -Poor Military

Leadership• Difficult Strategy

• CONFEDERATECONFEDERATE + + • +Defend it’s soil • +Better Military

Leadership • +Used to Guns • +”King Cotton” • DisadvantagesDisadvantages • -NO factories

• -Less Resources • -Poor Civil

Leadership

“CIVIL WAR”

18611861

18621862

18631863

18641864

18651865

Eastern CampaignEastern Campaign

BATTLESBATTLESJuly - 1st Battle of Bull Run

March - Monitor v. Merrimac

Aug - 2nd Battle of Bull Run

Sept - Antietam

Dec - Fredericksburg

May - Chancellorsville

July 3 - Gettysburg

March – Grant Eastern Commander

* Lincoln Re-Elected

Grant Wears Down Lee

April - Richmond Surrenders

Western CampaignWestern Campaign

BATTLESBATTLES

Feb - Grant / Tennessee

April - Battle of Shiloh

June - Memphis

- New Orleans

July 4 - Vicksburg Surrenders

Sept - Chickamauga

Nov - Chattanooga

Sherman Attacks Georgia

Sept - Atlanta Captured

* Sherman’s March to the SEA *