1861 - 1865

The Civil War Part II

1863 New York Draft Riots

The organization of entire societies for war; the dedication of government, economic, industrial, scientific, technological, media, human and spiritual resources to the prosecution of war.

Move to TOTAL WAR

“War Is Hell”The American Civil War as

Total War

Intentional targeting of non-combatants to achieve a military or political objective

War Hits Everyone

Sherman's March to the Sea

Lincoln suspends habeas corpus in the border states

--13,000 arrested & detained in Maryland w/out formal charges or legal rep

Suspended anti-union newspapers & arrested editors

• Expansion of executive power

The Civil War as a Total War

Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural – March 4, 1865With malice toward none;

with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan—to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.

Peacemakers of 1865

Porter, Grant, Lincoln, Sherman

April 9, 1865Lee surrenders to

GrantConfederate troops

allowed to return home with firearms and horses

Everything else, even flags, turned over to Union.

Surrender at Appomattox

January 1, 1863

“That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”

The Emancipation Proclamation

Only applies to states in rebellion!!!

Victory at Antitem made this possible

Goal is to encourage slaves to join the Union Army

Gives the Union a MORAL cause

13th Amendment to Constitution frees all slaves in 1865

Emancipation Proclamation

African-American Soldiers

54th Massachusetts

Colored troops make up 10% of Union Army

Black Louisiana Veterans ask Lincoln for right to vote after their service

A month before war ends, Confederacy allows Black troops

Southern – ran household operations, provided relief, made supplies, nurses

Northern – active in medical care – Nurses – abolitionist activists, made suppliesDoretha Dix & Clara Barton

Women