The Civil WarThe Civil War“I do not see how a barbarous community and a civilized community can constitute one state.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson

“These [Northern] people hate us, annoy us, and would have us assassinated by our slaves if they dared. They are different people from us, whether better or worse, and there is no love between us. Why then continue together?”

southern slaveholder

John Brown’s Raid at Harpers FerryJohn Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry

Oct. 1859 – Brown leads small Oct. 1859 – Brown leads small band in attack on federal band in attack on federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VAarsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA– Goal to steal guns to arm Goal to steal guns to arm

slaves and start uprisingslaves and start uprising– Robert E. Lee and federal Robert E. Lee and federal

troops capture Brown after troops capture Brown after two day siege – Brown and two day siege – Brown and six of his followers hanged six of his followers hanged for treasonfor treason

Election of 1860Election of 1860 Northern Democrats/Douglas: Northern Democrats/Douglas:

– Popular sovereignty and enforcement of Fugitive Slave LawPopular sovereignty and enforcement of Fugitive Slave Law

Southern Democrats/Beckrinridge:Southern Democrats/Beckrinridge:– Unrestricted extension of slaveryUnrestricted extension of slavery– Annexation of CubaAnnexation of Cuba

Republicans/Lincoln:Republicans/Lincoln:– Exclusion of slavery in territoriesExclusion of slavery in territories– Protective tariffProtective tariff– Free land for homesteaders and internal improvements to encourage Free land for homesteaders and internal improvements to encourage

Westerns settlementWesterns settlement

Constitutional Party/BellConstitutional Party/Bell– Former Whigs and Know-Nothings fearing consequences of Republican Former Whigs and Know-Nothings fearing consequences of Republican

victoryvictory– Goal to enforce laws and constitution – preserve the Union!Goal to enforce laws and constitution – preserve the Union!

Secession of the SouthSecession of the South

SC secedes first, by SC secedes first, by Lincoln’s Lincoln’s inauguration 6 other inauguration 6 other states had secededstates had seceded

Feb. 1861 – reps Feb. 1861 – reps from 7 states met at from 7 states met at Montgomery and Montgomery and formed Confederate formed Confederate States of AmericaStates of America

Failure of CompromiseFailure of Compromise

Buchanan as lame duck does nothing Buchanan as lame duck does nothing to prevent secessionto prevent secession

Congress tries one more thing…Congress tries one more thing…– CRITTENDEN COMPROMISECRITTENDEN COMPROMISE

Constitutional amendment guaranteeing Constitutional amendment guaranteeing right to hold slaves in all territories south of right to hold slaves in all territories south of 3636°° 30 30° °

South loved it! Republicans reject it!South loved it! Republicans reject it!

WAR!WAR! FORT SUMTERFORT SUMTER

– Union fort in harbor Union fort in harbor outside Charleston, SC, outside Charleston, SC, low on supplieslow on supplies

– Lincoln doesn’t want o Lincoln doesn’t want o surrender, sends reliefsurrender, sends relief

– South attacks Sumter, South attacks Sumter, Fort surrendersFort surrenders

– WAR!WAR!