The Civil War

By: Liam Vogelsonghttp://www.usronline.org/staff/cavallini/specialPrograms/eUllrich/ow/images/civil%20war%20soldiers.jpg

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When did the Civil War occur?

• The Civil War began with the battle of Fort Sumter on April 12th 1861 in South Carolina

• The south had recently seceded due to numerous disagreements on laws, politics, and rules

• Two of the main causes were Slavery and States Rights

• They were also unhappy with the presidential election of Abraham Lincoln

Who was involved in the Civil War?

• The two main sides in the Civil War were the Confederacy (South) and the Union (north)

• There were also neutral sides such as Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia,….

• The Union was expected to crush the south due to sheer numbers of soldiers and land and also their supplies and industrial advantages

• No one knew how long and violent the war would last

Union States

Union States• Pennsylvania• New Jersey• Maine• New Hampshire• Vermont • New York• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut• Ohio• Michigan

• Illinois• Indiana • Kansas• Iowa• Minnesota• Wisconsin• Oregon• California

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Confederate States• Confederates (In order of secession)• South Carolina• Mississippi • Florida)• Alabama• Georgia• Louisiana• Texas• Virginia• Arkansas• North Carolina• Tennessee

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Border States

• These states did not secede but were not completely loyal to the union

• These States were…..DelawareKentuckyMissouriMaryland

Alliances

• The alliances in the civil war were the Confederacy and the Union

• These two fought over control of America and disagreements

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Abraham Lincoln• February 12th, 1809- April

14th, 1869• South was not happy with his

election• Died of assassination by John

Wilks Booth shortly after the end of the war

• Rid the country of slavery and held together a divided nation

• Was a very persuasive speaker and very intelligent

Jefferson Davis• June 3rd, 1808- December 6th, 1889• Fought in the Mexican War when he was

younger• Left due to bad health and went into politics• Served as senator and was elected

president by popular vote when the states seceded

• Didn’t want to go to war and had a hard time managing the country during the time

• Was captured and held prisoner for a year until he was bailed out

• Then he went on a number of unsuccessful business attempts until his death

Fort Sumter• Recently after succeeding when tensions were

very high between the Union and Confederacy• South Carolina demanded that the Union

withdraw from Charleston’s Harbor• The confederates had control of everything

except Fort Sumter• On April 12th 1861 Brigadier General

Beauregard ordered the attack on Fort Sumter• The battle then lasted for two days before the

Union surrendered on April 14th with no casualties at all

• This was the beginning of the civil war• Surprisingly there were no casualties• The North was led by Major Anderson and the

South was led by Brigadier General Beauregard

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First Battle of Bull Run• July 21st, 1861• Took place near the Occoquan River• The Union was hoping to take control of

Richmond Virginia• The Confederates were led by General

Beauregard and Colonel Jackson and the Union was commanded by General McDowell

• The Confederates held their ground under command of Colonel Jackson and allowed troops to gather reinforcements

• They then counterattacked and forced Union to retreat

• Both sides recognized how long and bloody this war would be

• Union Casualties: 2,900 Confederate: 2,000 • The Union had 28,00 men and the

Confederates had 33,000

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Battle Of Gettysburg• Took place on July 1st-3rd, 1863• In Gettysburg, Pennsylvania• The Union had 93,921 troops

and the Confederate had 71,699• The Confederates were led by

General Robert E. Lee and the Union had Major General George Meade

• Casualties: Total: 46,286 Union: 23,055 Confederate: 23,231

• One of the biggest battles in American History

• The biggest battle of the Civil War

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Battle of Gettysburg• Before: General Robert E. Lee was

moving towards Philadelphia fighting any Union troops along the way.

• Day 1: Confederate troops and Union troops fought, Union had to retreat and dug in

• Day2 : Despite brutal fighting and heavy attacks from ground and artillery forces the Union held their line

• Day 3: 12,500 Union troops held Picket’s charge and charged the line at Cemetery Ridge. Union troops held them off with tremendous rifle and artillery fire, ending the battle and causing the south to retreat http://www.old-

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2nd Battle of Fort Fisher• Lasted 3 days, January 13th-15th

1865• Fort Fisher, North Carolina• The Union was commanded by

Major General Alfred Terry and Rear Admiral David D. Porter

• The Confederacy was commanded by Major General W.H.C. Whiting and General Robert F. Hoke

• Casualties for the Union were 1,388 and the Confederates had 583

• This battle closed off one of the last ports for the south and led the Union to Wilmington

Battle of Appomattox

• The south had recently abandoned its capital of Richmond, Virginia

• The battle began on April, 9th, 1865• The Union was commanded by

General Grant while the Confederacy was led by General Robert E. Lee

• The Union had 164 casualties and the South had 500 along with 27,800 troops surrendering

• This battle marked the end of the war as the south was being pushed back and they were running low on supplies

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Weapons of The Civil War• Cannons and Artillery• Split into either a smoothbore or rifled cannon• Classified by the weight of their shot, 12lb, 32 lb, 24 lb,

etc.• But could also be classified by caliber, or size of bore• Most common was the Napoleon a smoothbore 12

pounder• They were usually horse drawn and were operated by

crews.• They had many different types of shots such as solid shot,

grape , canister, shell, and chain.• There range could be anywhere from 250 to 2,000 yards

depending on the type of shot, weight, and type of cannon• The target had to be seen to be able to fire at it• The North had a much higher advantage of cannons with a

wider variety and more being produced due to its industrial strength

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Fire Arms• Smooth bore, muzzle loading muskets were common• These weapons did not fire much longer than 100

yards and took much time to reload• There was also a rifled musket with much greater

accuracy of over half a mile• Most rifles were used when the soldiers would charge

the enemy line and fired in mass volleys of bullets• They mainly fired round minnie balls much of that to a

cannon but much smaller • They were classified by caliber• Pistols were carried by every soldier• Thousands of different pistols were used among the

war by both soldiers• There was a high debate on whether to use muzzle

(front loading) or breech (back loading)• The most common were the Colt 1851 Navy which

was used by the south and the Colt Army 1860 was used by the Union

• Both were single action 6 shots

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Edged Weapons

• Many officers or cavalry men carried swords

• They stated rank and power of a soldier

• Bayonets: Bayonets were small knifes fitted on the end of weapons

• They were used in close range fighting and charges

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Vehicles• Vehicles as we know today were

nothing like they were back then• Soldiers and Calvary walked or rode

horses to their destinations often talking weeks or months

• There were trains for shipping supplies and transporting some soldiers.

• There were also ships to transport soldiers or supplies or used to fight.

• They played a huge role in the war• One of our very own ships was the

C.S.S. North Carolina• The ships were mainly wood with

cannons but some armored ships with turrets were developed later on

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How it affected our future

• The civil war will leave a ever lasting impression in our countries history

• Hundreds of thousands of men lost their lives and even innocent civilians were killed

• It also changed relationships between black and whites• Our president was killed due to its outcome and it certainly was

a tragedy• It it also set a reminder that we cant just get our own way and

leave cause we don’t like things the way they are• Even today we see disputes over flags and people of the north

and south even though it ended over 100 years ago there is still a lasting dispute of it

The end • The civil war lasted almost 4 grueling years.• It ended on April 9th 1865 at 11:50 a.m. after

General Lee signed a letter of surrender.• Grant could have had many soldiers

imprisoned for treason but didn’t to repair a shattered nation and make the best of things\

• The war ended shortly after the battle of the Appotomax when Lee and his army were low on supplies and morale.

• Their economy was down and the confederates had abandoned their capital

• 175,000 Confederate troops remained in the field afterwards and there were a few battles after the war for the soldiers had not yet heard of the end

• The final surrender occurred June 23, 1865• The war was to be

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