THE CIVIL WAR APRIL 12 1861-APRIL 9

1865By Matthew Harrell

Presidents for Each Abraham Lincoln, Union (elected president before

war started)

Jefferson Davis, Confederate

(Elected president after war started)

Union California

Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine

• Massachusetts• Michigan• Minnesota• Missouri • Nevada • New Hampshire• New York• New Jersey• Ohio• Oregon• Pennsylvania• Rhode Island• Vermont

ConfederateSouth Carolina

Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas Tennessee North Carolina

Border States they are states that did not secede from

the country but still have slavery. ) Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and West

Virginia

Confederate alliances Countries allied

with south/ confederate

Britain and France

Why the alliance? The south had manly

farms and little factories so they needed guns and factories. Britain and France were willing to help them if the French could have some influences in Mexico and Britain needed the cotton the a south had.

Battle of Fort Sumter April 12, 1861

Charleston ,South Carolina at Fort Sumter General Beauregard order attack fort

Sumter (confederate) Two days of fighting, no causalities Major Anderson(union) surrendered

April 14th But after the battle two Union soldiers

died of an explosion of an artillery shell This battle was the start of the civil

war

Fort Sumter Ablaze

First battle of Bull RunJuly 21,1861

Manassas, Virginia General McDowell (Union) wanted to capture the

confederate capital Richmond, VA General Beauregard(confederate) retreated to get

more supplies left General Jackson(confederate) in charge and had to hold the line. Hints the name “Stonewall Jackson”

Fresh supplies came in and the confederate drove the union out of Richmond

Causalities Union 2,896 deaths; Confederate 1,982

Both sides realized that this is going to be a long war and there will be lots of causalities

Second battle of bull run August 29-30, 1862

Manassas, Virginia Union: General Pope and General McDowell Confederate: General Lee and Stonewall Jackson Pope held a line because he was pinned between

Lee’s and Jackson and he was unable to retreat Fortunately Pope’s troops were pulled out by General

Meades troops in a full retreat. And the confederate win.

Union causalities: 14,500 Confederate Causalities:9,500 The Union realized that general Lee is a

powerful General

Bull Run

Battle of GettysburgJuly 1-3 1863

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania General Meade (union) wanted to

defend Gettysburg from the invading confederate troops

General Lee was heading to Philadelphia and will destroy any union army along the way.

Day 1-3 Day 1: confederates sent union troops running Day 2: Despite heavy fire the Union held the line Day 3 : confederates charged on cemetery ridge

(picketts ridge) but the union held them off with heavy artillery fire

Union causalities: 23,055 Confederate casualties 23,231 This was the turning point for the union

The Battle

1st battle of Fort FisherDecember 25-27 1864

Wilmington, North Carolina in Fort Fisher Fort was made of dirt and sand to resist

cannon fire Union wanted to take final port from the

confederate Confederate held of the the fort

Fort Fisher in Battle

Second Battle of Fort FisherJanuary 13-15 1865

Same place Union Major General Alfred Terry commanded 9,000

ground troops Union Admiral Porter commanded 9 ships both wanted

to try to take fort fisher again with a bigger army Confederate General Whiting commanded 1,900 troops General Hoke commanded 6,400 troops north of fort

fisher General Bragg order Hoke to not assist Whiting Hoke and Whiting were killed fort fisher was captured

and so was General Bragg Union causalities: 1,338; Confederate casualties

583 This was the last confederate port

Fort Fisher Losing?

Battle of Appomattox CourthouseApril 9, 1865

Appomattox county, Virginia General Grant(Union) sent General

Lee (confederate) a letter asking him to

surrender Lee said no Grant sent a Calvary and burned the

supplies on the train After a little fighting and 500 confederate

casualties then Lee surrendered This battle was the end of the war

The End of the War April 9, 11:50 am, 1865

Lee sent a letter surrendering General Lee the last general

surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox county, Virginia at the Appomattox courthouse

Terms Major artillery would be turned over. Side arms, horses, and mules would remain. No imprisonment for treason.

The Appomattox Courthousein Battle

The Surrender

But Wait There is more Battles?

Yes, since communication is slow and people want to still fight the fighting stopped June 23, 1865

CIVIL WAR WEAPONS

Cannons Napoleon 12pound ball Howitzer 12,24 and 32 pound ball Effective range of 250-1700 yards Could also fire Grate shot Two cannon balls with chain connect, used to take

out mass of a ship Explosive shot Both used by the Confederate and the Union

Rifles Used 1859-1872 by confederate and

union soldiers Muzzle-loaded 2-3 shots per minute Accurate from 100-400 yards

Pistols Colt 1851 Navy Confederate Single acting, 6 shot Colt Army 1860 union Single action, 6 shot Both Accurate 75-100 yards But more likely to be shot 25-50

yards

Swords Swords were used by both sides usually

officers had them.

Ships U.S.S monitor ship made of metal Fully armored ship Rotating gun turret U.S.S North Carolina Iron clad war ship

Monitor

North carolina

How did the Civil War affect America’s Future?

If the Confederates won the Civil War there would have been slavery and different states’ right. There would also be a different line of presidents.

If America did not have the war at all, there would be two countries “The united states of the Union” and “The untied states of the Confederates”

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