The Civil WarChapter 10- Section 4

“Lincoln, Secession, and War”

Who were the four candidates for President in 1860?

QOTD

John Brown’s raidKansasLoss of confidence in Supreme Court

Fugitive Slave Act

Lingering Issues in America

Senator from Mississippi

1860- attempted to pass resolution to restrict federal control over slavery

Jefferson Davis

Democrats meet in Charleston, NC

Argued over slavery question

Party splits in half

Election of 1860- Democrats

Northern Dem- Stephen Douglas (Pop. Sovereignty)

Southern Dem- John Breckinridge (spread slavery to territories

Election of 1860

Whigs and Know-Nothings form Constitutional Union Party

Nominate John Bell

Defend the Union of States

Gov’t should support slavery

Election of 1860- Constitutional Union

Abraham Lincoln

Moderate- no interference with slavery in existing states

But, slavery should not exist in new territories

Election of 1860- Republicans

40% pop. Vote, 60% electoral vote

Breckinridge was favorite in South (cotton states)

Lincoln wins the election

National political parties no longer exist

Political parties divided America into sections

North and South are separate political entities

Effects of the Election

South- outraged that Lincoln was elected with no southern votes

Felt they had no voice in gov’t

Effects of the election

South Carolina secedes first

Cited that Lincoln’s views were hostile to slavery

6 states follow in the coming weeks

The Union Collapses

State Date of Secession

South Carolina December 20, 1860

Mississippi January 9, 1861

Florida January 10, 1861

Alabama January 11, 1861

Georgia January 19, 1861

Louisiana January 26, 1861

Texas February 1, 1861

Virginia April 17, 1861

Arkansas May 6, 1861

North Carolina May 20, 1861

Tennessee June 8, 1861

Dates of Secession

Southern States felt they had to secede in order to preserve their property and way of life

The Union Collapses

7 seceding states form the Confederate States of America

Constitution closely resembled the US one

Protected slavery, no new slaves from other countries

The Confederacy is formed

Final effort to come back together

Allow slavery in western territories south of the Missouri Compromise line

Federal funds to reimburse slaveholders for unreturned fugitives

The Crittenden Compromise

James Buchanan- “no authority to prevent secession”

Secret peace conference in D.C. fails

Delegates from the North and South

The Union Falls Apart

Inaugural Address- says he will not stop slavery where it exists

Would preserve the Union

“No state can lawfully leave the Union”

No war unless South began it

Lincoln takes office

Southern states seized forts and arsenals

Fort Sumter guarded Charleston, SC harbor

Buchanan sent supply ship, turned back when Confederates fired

Fort Sumter

Lincoln takes office

decides to resupply the fort again

SC suspicious, demand Union troops surrender the fort

The Civil War Begins

Union refuses, Confederates fire

Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers

Both sides believed this would be a short conflict

The Civil War Begins