The Civil WarThe Civil War

1850-18651850-1865

Preparing for War ObjectivesPreparing for War Objectives

►Explain how the ceded land of Mexico led to Explain how the ceded land of Mexico led to debates in congress.debates in congress.

►Explain the Compromise of 1850 and the Explain the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.Kansas-Nebraska Act.

►Describe the political views of John C. Describe the political views of John C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster.Calhoun and Daniel Webster.

►Analyze the rise of Lincoln and the election Analyze the rise of Lincoln and the election of 1860.of 1860.

Slavery in the U.S.Slavery in the U.S.

►Existed for more than 200 yearsExisted for more than 200 years►At one time in every colonyAt one time in every colony►1790 – 90% of slaves were in the south1790 – 90% of slaves were in the south►Missouri Compromise 1820 had banned Missouri Compromise 1820 had banned

slavery in most of the new terr. in the northslavery in most of the new terr. in the north►1850 California applied for statehood – 1850 California applied for statehood –

balance was about to changebalance was about to change

Controversy of New LandControversy of New Land

► The US added 500,000 sq miles of land The US added 500,000 sq miles of land ceded by Mexico after the Mexican Warceded by Mexico after the Mexican War

► Would the new states that would form from Would the new states that would form from this land ban slavery or allow it?this land ban slavery or allow it?

► Three distinct groups developed.Three distinct groups developed.1.1. Some wanted the land to be freeSome wanted the land to be free

2.2. Some wanted to allow slaverySome wanted to allow slavery

3.3. Others wanted Popular sovereignty to ruleOthers wanted Popular sovereignty to rule

The DebateThe Debate

►Senator Henry Clay introduced a Compromise Senator Henry Clay introduced a Compromise in 1850, when California applied for statehood.in 1850, when California applied for statehood.

►Daniel Webster (Mass) for the compromise v. Daniel Webster (Mass) for the compromise v. John C. Calhoun (SC) againstJohn C. Calhoun (SC) against

►After the death of Calhoun and President After the death of Calhoun and President Taylor. The senate passed the Clay’s Taylor. The senate passed the Clay’s Resolution.Resolution.

Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster

► 1782-18521782-1852► Senator from Mass.Senator from Mass.► Leading Whig during Leading Whig during

Antebellum periodAntebellum period► Promoted Nationalism, Promoted Nationalism,

preserving the Union, preserving the Union, Abolition.Abolition.

► Ran for President Ran for President three times.three times.

John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun

► 1782-18501782-1850► Leading politician from Leading politician from

South Carolina during South Carolina during AntebellumAntebellum

► Promoted States Promoted States rights, nullification, and rights, nullification, and slaveryslavery

► Vice President under Vice President under JQ Adams and JQ Adams and JacksonJackson

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850► The compromise was a relief, but each The compromise was a relief, but each

side disliked certain aspectsside disliked certain aspects

1.1. California would enter as a free stateCalifornia would enter as a free state2.2. Fugitive Slave Act was made much more Fugitive Slave Act was made much more

strictstrict3.3. Utah and New Mexico terr could decide for Utah and New Mexico terr could decide for

themselves about slavery (popular themselves about slavery (popular Sovereignty)Sovereignty)

Henry Clay takes the floor in the Senate. Henry Clay takes the floor in the Senate. Fillmore presides while Calhoun and Webster Fillmore presides while Calhoun and Webster

look on.look on.

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe

► 1811-18961811-1896► Wrote “Uncle Toms Cabin” Wrote “Uncle Toms Cabin”

in 1852in 1852► Depicted slave life as Depicted slave life as

horriblehorrible► Reenergized Abolition in the Reenergized Abolition in the

North and anger toward North and anger toward SouthSouth

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act

► Introduced by Stephen Douglas (senator Introduced by Stephen Douglas (senator from Illinois)from Illinois)

►Repealed Missouri Compromise allowing Repealed Missouri Compromise allowing popular sovereignty in Nebraska and popular sovereignty in Nebraska and Kansas Terr.Kansas Terr.

►Many Abolitionist were outragedMany Abolitionist were outraged►This was all over a railroad to the PacificThis was all over a railroad to the Pacific

Shifts in PoliticsShifts in Politics

►Many Northerners quit the Democratic Party Many Northerners quit the Democratic Party after many Southern Democrats supported after many Southern Democrats supported the Kansas-Nebraska Actthe Kansas-Nebraska Act

►The Whig party were also split over the The Whig party were also split over the issue of slavery: Conscience Whigs v. issue of slavery: Conscience Whigs v. Cotton Whigs.Cotton Whigs.

►After the deaths of Clay and Webster the After the deaths of Clay and Webster the Whig party fell.Whig party fell.

Republican Party BornRepublican Party Born

►1854 – Abolitionist, “Free Soilers”, 1854 – Abolitionist, “Free Soilers”, Conscience Whigs and Northern Democrats Conscience Whigs and Northern Democrats joined forces and formed the Republican joined forces and formed the Republican PartyParty

►The main goal of the Republican Party was The main goal of the Republican Party was to defeat the Southern Democrats—to defeat the Southern Democrats—descended from Jackson, and get rid of descended from Jackson, and get rid of slaveryslavery

►One Whig who joined the party during this One Whig who joined the party during this time was a man by the name of Lincolntime was a man by the name of Lincoln

The “Know Nothings” revivedThe “Know Nothings” revived

►Many Republicans worked with the Many Republicans worked with the American Party or “Know Nothings” to get American Party or “Know Nothings” to get candidate elected.candidate elected.

►The Know Nothings were the Nativist Party The Know Nothings were the Nativist Party or Anti-Immigrationor Anti-Immigration

►Even though many Republicans didn’t agree Even though many Republicans didn’t agree with the Know Nothings they wanted to with the Know Nothings they wanted to defeat the Jacksonian Democratsdefeat the Jacksonian Democrats

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

►May, 1856 - Struggle over slavery erupted in May, 1856 - Struggle over slavery erupted in a civil war inside of Kansasa civil war inside of Kansas

►By Sept 1856 – Federal Troops ended the By Sept 1856 – Federal Troops ended the war.war.

►Fighting however, continued in the form of a Fighting however, continued in the form of a guerrilla warfareguerrilla warfare

►Deepened the split in Congress over Deepened the split in Congress over SlaverySlavery

Election of 1856Election of 1856

►Democratic Party chose James Buchanan, a Democratic Party chose James Buchanan, a former Senator from Penn.former Senator from Penn.

►Republican Party chose John Fremont who Republican Party chose John Fremont who helped seize Cal. During Mexican Warhelped seize Cal. During Mexican War

►Buchanan won because of large number of Buchanan won because of large number of immigrants going against “Know Nothings” immigrants going against “Know Nothings” and because some Republican were viewed and because some Republican were viewed as extremist on issue of slavery (John Brown)as extremist on issue of slavery (John Brown)

James BuchananJames Buchanan

► 1791-18681791-1868► 1515thth President Dem. President Dem.► Life long bachelor (possible Life long bachelor (possible

homosexual)homosexual)► Buchanan's opinion was that Buchanan's opinion was that

secession was illegal, but that secession was illegal, but that going to war to stop it was also going to war to stop it was also illegal; hence, he remained illegal; hence, he remained inactive. inactive.

► His handling of the crisis His handling of the crisis preceding the Civil War has preceding the Civil War has led to his consistent ranking by led to his consistent ranking by historians as one of the worst historians as one of the worst Presidents, and frequently Presidents, and frequently thethe worst, in American history worst, in American history

Dred-Scott DecisionDred-Scott Decision►A slave Dred Scott sued for his freedomA slave Dred Scott sued for his freedom►He lived on land that became free so he He lived on land that became free so he

said he should be freesaid he should be free►1857 The supreme court ruled against Scott 1857 The supreme court ruled against Scott

stating the rights of property holders over stating the rights of property holders over human rightshuman rights

►The court also ruled that slaves could be The court also ruled that slaves could be transported anywhere and remain slavestransported anywhere and remain slaves

►South happy/North angrySouth happy/North angry

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid

►Brown wanted to take action to free slaves Brown wanted to take action to free slaves and set up a free colony in Appalachian Mts.and set up a free colony in Appalachian Mts.

►He led a raid on a US arsenal at Harpers He led a raid on a US arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.---He was finance by leading Ferry, Virginia.---He was finance by leading abolitionistabolitionist

►Robert E. Lee and the Marines surrounded Robert E. Lee and the Marines surrounded and captured Brown and executed himand captured Brown and executed him

►Many and the North praised what Brown Many and the North praised what Brown had done; Southern fears rose.had done; Southern fears rose.

John BrownJohn Brown► 1800-18591800-1859► led the Pottawatomie Massacre in led the Pottawatomie Massacre in

1856 in Bleeding Kansas and 1856 in Bleeding Kansas and made his name in the made his name in the unsuccessful raid at Harpers Ferry unsuccessful raid at Harpers Ferry

in 1859in 1859 ► He was tried for treason against He was tried for treason against

the state of Virginia, the murder of the state of Virginia, the murder of five proslavery Southerners, and five proslavery Southerners, and inciting a slave insurrection and inciting a slave insurrection and was subsequently hangedwas subsequently hanged

► Major figure in increasing tensions Major figure in increasing tensions

in Civil Warin Civil War

Lincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas Debates

► The The Lincoln–Douglas Debates of 1858Lincoln–Douglas Debates of 1858 were a series were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, and the incumbent Stephen A. Republican candidate, and the incumbent Stephen A. Douglas, a Democrat, for an Illinois seat in the United Douglas, a Democrat, for an Illinois seat in the United States Senate States Senate

► After losing the election for Senator in Illinois, Lincoln After losing the election for Senator in Illinois, Lincoln edited the texts of all the debates and had them edited the texts of all the debates and had them published in a book. The widespread coverage of the published in a book. The widespread coverage of the original debates and the subsequent popularity of the original debates and the subsequent popularity of the book led eventually to Lincoln's nomination for book led eventually to Lincoln's nomination for President of the United States by the 1860 Republican President of the United States by the 1860 Republican National Convention in Chicago.National Convention in Chicago.

Stephen A. DouglasStephen A. Douglas

► 1813-18611813-1861► Politician IllinoisPolitician Illinois► Constructed the Constructed the

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act► Lost to Lincoln during Lost to Lincoln during

the election of 1860.the election of 1860.

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

► 1809-18651809-1865► Illinois politicianIllinois politician► 1616thth President President ► Preserved Union during Civil Preserved Union during Civil

WarWar► Emancipation Proclamation – Emancipation Proclamation –

ending slaveryending slavery

Election of 1860Election of 1860

1.1. Southern Democrats – John C. Breckenridge Southern Democrats – John C. Breckenridge (Pro Slavery)(Pro Slavery)

2.2. Northern Democrats – Stephen Douglas Northern Democrats – Stephen Douglas (Popular Sovereignty)(Popular Sovereignty)

3.3. Republican – Abraham Lincoln (Anti-Slavery)Republican – Abraham Lincoln (Anti-Slavery)

4.4. Constitutional Union Party – John Bell Constitutional Union Party – John Bell (Senator Tenn.)(Senator Tenn.)

Election of 1860Election of 1860

►North – Lincoln v. DouglasNorth – Lincoln v. Douglas►South – Breckinridge v. Bell (Lincoln didn’t South – Breckinridge v. Bell (Lincoln didn’t

even appear on the ballot in the south)even appear on the ballot in the south)►Lincoln won the North, Bell and Breckinridge Lincoln won the North, Bell and Breckinridge

split the southsplit the south►The split allowed Lincoln to win with less The split allowed Lincoln to win with less

than 40% of popular votethan 40% of popular vote

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

New PresidentNew President

► Abraham Lincoln is Abraham Lincoln is elected President of elected President of the Untied States. the Untied States. During the election, During the election, he had spoken out he had spoken out strongly against the strongly against the spread of slavery spread of slavery and hoped that one and hoped that one day it would end.day it would end.

Civil War ObjectivesCivil War Objectives

►Describe the Union and Confederate goals Describe the Union and Confederate goals and strategies for the war.and strategies for the war.

►Explain the significant battles of the Civil Explain the significant battles of the Civil War.War.

►Analyze how the Emancipation Analyze how the Emancipation Proclamation affected the war and the US.Proclamation affected the war and the US.

►Discuss why the Union was victorious.Discuss why the Union was victorious.

Secession!Secession!►Nov. 13 1860 – South Carolina Secedes – with Nov. 13 1860 – South Carolina Secedes – with

Declaration of Independence from USDeclaration of Independence from US►Many southern states followed exampleMany southern states followed example

Mississippi – Jan. 9 1861Mississippi – Jan. 9 1861 Florida - Jan 10 1861Florida - Jan 10 1861 Alabama – Jan 11 1861Alabama – Jan 11 1861 Georgia, Louisiana and Texas – Feb. 1 1861Georgia, Louisiana and Texas – Feb. 1 1861 Virginia, Tennesse, Arkansas, and N. Carolina Virginia, Tennesse, Arkansas, and N. Carolina

threatened to secede if Fed gov. tried to stop any threatened to secede if Fed gov. tried to stop any state.state.

Major Reasons for SuccessionMajor Reasons for Succession

1.1. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

2.2. Uncle Toms Cabin (1852)Uncle Toms Cabin (1852)

3.3. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

4.4. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)

5.5. Raids of John Brown (1859)Raids of John Brown (1859)

6.6. Election of Lincoln as President (1860)Election of Lincoln as President (1860)

Forming the ConfederacyForming the Confederacy

►Delegates from seceded states met in Delegates from seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama in Feb 1861Montgomery, Alabama in Feb 1861

►Choose Jefferson Davis as PresidentChoose Jefferson Davis as President►Drafted Constitution similar to Articles of Drafted Constitution similar to Articles of

ConfederationConfederation►They named new Nation the Confederate They named new Nation the Confederate

States of America (Confederacy)States of America (Confederacy)

SectionalismSectionalism

The Fall of Fort SumterThe Fall of Fort Sumter►S. Carolina - April 12, 1861S. Carolina - April 12, 1861 – first fighting – first fighting►Fort Sumter was controlled by Union. Davis Fort Sumter was controlled by Union. Davis

called on the fort to surrender, as many other called on the fort to surrender, as many other forts did in S. Carolina.forts did in S. Carolina.

►Lincoln pledged to only send nonmilitary aidLincoln pledged to only send nonmilitary aid►Jefferson decided to attackJefferson decided to attack►April 12, Confederate artillery began firingApril 12, Confederate artillery began firing►April 14, the US flag was replaced with a April 14, the US flag was replaced with a

Confederate flagConfederate flag

The war begins - the firing on The war begins - the firing on Fort SumterFort Sumter

Fort SumterFort Sumter

The first States secede The first States secede

Rush to WarRush to War

► In response to the fall of Fort Sumter, Lincoln In response to the fall of Fort Sumter, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve for 90 called for 75,000 volunteers to serve for 90 days to put down rebelliondays to put down rebellion

►Forced other southern states to secede Forced other southern states to secede including Arkansasincluding Arkansas

►Border states – Delaware, Kentucky, Border states – Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri (both sides fought)Maryland, and Missouri (both sides fought)

StrategiesStrategies

► NorthNorth Developed by General Developed by General

Winfield ScottWinfield Scott Blockade South’s Blockade South’s

PortsPorts Ships down Miss. Ships down Miss.

River to divide River to divide ConfederacyConfederacy

Many disapproved of Many disapproved of plan—taking too longplan—taking too long

► SouthSouth Cotton DiplomacyCotton Diplomacy – to – to

convince France and convince France and Britain to helpBritain to help

Defensive StrategyDefensive Strategy

AdvantagesAdvantages

►NorthNorth Double the Double the

populationpopulation Double the Double the

railroadsrailroads Five times as Five times as

many factoriesmany factories

►SouthSouth Better leadersBetter leaders Defending is Defending is

easier than easier than attackingattacking

Fighting for their Fighting for their cause (passion)cause (passion)

Confederate Confederate UnionUnion

Major BattlesMajor Battles1.1. First Battle of Bull RunFirst Battle of Bull Run 1861 Manassas, 1861 Manassas,

Virginia Confederate VictoryVirginia Confederate Victory2.2. ShilohShiloh 1862 Tennessee Union Victory 1862 Tennessee Union Victory3.3. Second Battle of Bull RunSecond Battle of Bull Run 1862 Virginia 1862 Virginia

Confederate VictoryConfederate Victory4.4. Antietam Antietam 1862 Maryland Union Victory1862 Maryland Union Victory5.5. VicksburgVicksburg 1863 Mississippi Union Victory 1863 Mississippi Union Victory6.6. GettysburgGettysburg 1863 Pennsylvania Union 1863 Pennsylvania Union

Victory Victory 7.7. PetersburgPetersburg 1864-1865 Petersburg, Virginia 1864-1865 Petersburg, Virginia

Union VictoryUnion Victory

Civil War TechnologyCivil War Technology

http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/Artillery-Civil-War-001.htm

TelegraphTelegraph

http://w1tp.com/perkcol.htm

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1863/january/telegraph.htm

Telegraph wagon

http://www.civilwarhome.com/telegraph.htm

RailroadsRailroads

http://updatecenter.britannica.com/art?assemblyId=8341&type=A

http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/Soldiers-railroad-cannon-small.htm

•http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20103/outline%2014%20umf%20103_06.htm

http://www.anselm.edu/academic/history/hdubrulle/WarandRevolution

Rifled musketRifled musket

http://www.marstar.ca/gf-armisport/ArmiSport-Civil-War-US-rifles.shtm

Accuracy of Smoothbore Muskets vs. Rifle-muskets

Distance Distance from Targetfrom Target

Smoothbore Shots Smoothbore Shots that Hit Targetthat Hit Target

Rifle Shots that Rifle Shots that Hit TargetHit Target

100 yards100 yards 74.5%74.5% 94.5%94.5%

200 yards200 yards 42.5%42.5% 80%80%

300 yards300 yards 16%16% 55%55%

400 yards400 yards 4.5%4.5% 52.5%52.5%

http://www.littlestregular.com/blog/2007_02_01_archive.html

Rifled CannonRifled Cannon

The Whitworth designed cannon could fire a shell over 6 miles. http://www.andrewspages.dial.pipex.com

Repeating riflesRepeating rifles

http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/gabrmetz/gabr001b.htm

Hand grenades/rocketsHand grenades/rockets

http://grenadelauncher.com/

Ironclads/gunboatsIronclads/gunboats

http://www.flickr.com/photos/

Iron clad (plated) boatsIron clad (plated) boats

SubmarinesSubmarines

http://news.webshots.com/photo/1195793651015913979KyvkEV

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1861/november/submarine.htm

BalloonsBalloons

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1861/october/civil-war-balloons.htm

http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/Professor-military-Virginia-balloon.htm

http://www.kidport.com/RefLib/UsaHistory/CivilWar/Communication.htm

PhotographyPhotography

http://howardlanham.tripod.com/photography.html

http://www.flickr.com/photos/canfielddave/931936429/

http://wigwags.wordpress.com/the-artists/

http://www.littlestregular.com/blog/labels/civil%20war%20photographs.html

http://www.rbhayes.org/hayes/civilwar/display.asp?id=362&subj=civilwar

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/antietam-dead.htm

EmbalmingEmbalming

http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/Embalming.htm

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

►Jan 1, 1863 – Freed slaves in all areas in Jan 1, 1863 – Freed slaves in all areas in rebellion to the Union.rebellion to the Union.

►Lincoln hoped this would weaken southLincoln hoped this would weaken south►Mixed reactionsMixed reactions►Abolitionist were angered it didn’t free all Abolitionist were angered it didn’t free all

slavesslaves►Some in north were scared about competition Some in north were scared about competition

for jobsfor jobs►Encouraged emancipated slaves to join warEncouraged emancipated slaves to join war

It freed the It freed the slaves only in slaves only in

states that states that have seceded have seceded

from the from the Union.Union.

It did not free It did not free slaves in slaves in

border states.border states.

African Americans the African Americans the MilitaryMilitary

►After the Emancipation After the Emancipation Proclamation blacks Proclamation blacks began to join the Union began to join the Union ArmyArmy

►Initially they were only Initially they were only used for manual laborused for manual labor

►Eventually, Blacks saw Eventually, Blacks saw live combatlive combat

►5454thth regiment out of regiment out of MassachusettsMassachusetts

William Carney

African Americans in the Civil African Americans in the Civil WarWar

►About 10 % of the Union About 10 % of the Union forces were made up of forces were made up of African Americans after African Americans after the Emancipation the Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

►Their valor on the field of Their valor on the field of battle proved their worth.battle proved their worth.

Clara BartonClara Barton

► teacher, nurse and teacher, nurse and humanitarianhumanitarian

► Organized “Red Cross” Organized “Red Cross” during the Civil War to during the Civil War to distribute supplies to distribute supplies to wounded soldierswounded soldiers

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run

►General Thomas Jackson stopped Union General Thomas Jackson stopped Union advance – “Stone Wall Jackson”advance – “Stone Wall Jackson”

►Union troops began to fall backUnion troops began to fall back►Ended hopes for a quick victoryEnded hopes for a quick victory for the for the

UnionUnion

Military historians Military historians consider Jackson to be consider Jackson to be one of the most gifted one of the most gifted tactical commanders tactical commanders in United States in United States history. He excelled at history. He excelled at the First Battle of Bull the First Battle of Bull Run (where he Run (where he received his famous received his famous nickname "Stonewall"), nickname "Stonewall"), Second Bull Run, Second Bull Run, Antietam, and Antietam, and

Fredericksburg.Fredericksburg.

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam

►Sept. 1862 – 70,000 Union v. 40,000 Con.Sept. 1862 – 70,000 Union v. 40,000 Con.►MarylandMaryland►Bloodiest single day battle of the Civil War Bloodiest single day battle of the Civil War

and in American Historyand in American History►23,000 Union and Confederacy died23,000 Union and Confederacy died►Union VictoryUnion Victory

Confederate Dead

Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg

►Gettysburg, Penn – June 24, 1863Gettysburg, Penn – June 24, 1863►Three day campaignThree day campaign►Confederates push back Union troops at first, Confederates push back Union troops at first,

but overextendbut overextend►Union troops eventually win the battleUnion troops eventually win the battle►Confederate – 28,000 KIAConfederate – 28,000 KIA►Union – 23,000Union – 23,000►Lincoln Address – Lincoln Address – create cemetery and create cemetery and

remind country why we are fightingremind country why we are fighting

Gettysburg – turning pointGettysburg – turning point

►Gettysburg is the largest battle in the Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. history of the Western hemisphere.

►Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days.Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days.►It was the last time the South invaded It was the last time the South invaded

the North.the North.

Gettysburg Gettysburg Address - Address -

18631863

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address► That from these honored dead we take That from these honored dead we take

increased devotion to that cause for increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the for the people, shall not perish from the earth.earth.

Abe LincolnAbe Lincoln

General William Sherman General William Sherman (Union)(Union)

► Invaded Georgia and captured Atlanta 1864Invaded Georgia and captured Atlanta 1864►Sherman began is famous “march” to the Sherman began is famous “march” to the

Atlantic OceanAtlantic Ocean►Slaughtering/burning a 50 mile wide across Slaughtering/burning a 50 mile wide across

the heart of Georgiathe heart of Georgia►Captured Savannah and entered South Captured Savannah and entered South

Carolina, then headed NorthCarolina, then headed North►Reinforced Grant in Richmond, VirginiaReinforced Grant in Richmond, Virginia

General William ShermanGeneral William Sherman

Fall of RichmondFall of Richmond

►Richmond, VirginiaRichmond, Virginia►Grants army attacks from the NorthGrants army attacks from the North►Sherman’s army attacks from the SouthSherman’s army attacks from the South►Confederates flee city as Union troops Confederates flee city as Union troops

entersenters►Grant blocked Lee’s escapeGrant blocked Lee’s escape►Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House, Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House,

Virginia. April 1865Virginia. April 1865

Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.

After four bloody years of civil war, the South was defeated.

Lee surrendering to Grant at Lee surrendering to Grant at APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE

April, 1865April, 1865

Causes/Effects of Civil WarCauses/Effects of Civil War

► CausesCauses Conflicts over Conflicts over

SlaverySlavery Lincolns ElectionLincolns Election Secession of SouthSecession of South Attack on Fort Attack on Fort

SumterSumter

► EffectsEffects End of SlaveryEnd of Slavery More than 600,000 More than 600,000

deathsdeaths Physical and Physical and

economic economic devastation of the devastation of the SouthSouth