Movement (definition) a. a group of people with a common ideology, especially a social, political or religious one b. the organized action of such a group c. a trend or tendency in a particular sphere The City Planning Movement was spearheaded by the Americans and the British. The United States planning movement began in 1893 during the The World’s Columbian Exposition (Also called --Worlds Fair: Columbian Exposition or the Chicago World’s Fair) 1893 in Chicago, U SA. It lasted for 6 months and attended by 27 million form all over the world. It was participated by 46 nations. The exposition featured the “ The White City” (200 buildings) and city features such as grand boulevard, la- goons, parks, streets, good building facades and lush greens. It was considered the first example of a com- prehensive plan for a nation. The exposition was held in Jackson Park, Chicago. The exposition was planned by Daniel Burnham and Fre- derick Law Olmstead. The following cities gained inspiration fr om the Columbian Exposition - Chicago, Cleaveland, Springfield, De- troit and Washington, Denver, San Francisco, Baltimore and Rochester. Soon, majority in America were in- spired and desired to see their cities to be “beautiful”, thus, the “City Beautiful Movement” began. The movement practiced the following: • Established Planning Commissions • City Plan Reports • Organizations that favored City Planning • Educational Efforts Other American planners of this era were: Charles Eliot, Charles Mulford Robinson, George E. Kessler, Nel- son P. Lewis, Charles D. Norton, Charles H. Wacker, James Sturgis Pray and George B. Ford. FEU-IARFA SY 2012-2013 Urban and Regional Planning Architec t Marie Grace A. Patadlas The City Planning Movement 1 Daniel Burnham Fred erick La w Olmstead

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The United Kingdom planning movement was ledby Frederick Law Olmstead and he theorized theGarden City Planning. Garden cities were in-tended to be planned, self-contained communitiessurrounded by "greenbelts" (parks), containingproportionate areas of residences, industry andagriculture.

His idealised garden city would house 32,000 peo-ple on a site of 6,000 acres (2,400 ha), planned ona concentric pattern with open spaces, publicparks and six radial boulevards, 120 ft (37 m)wide, extending from the centre. The garden citywould be self-sufficient and when it reached fullpopulation, another garden city would be developed nearby. Howard envisaged a cluster of several gardencities as satellites of a central city of 50,000 people, linked by road and rail.

The first garden city was implemented in Letchworth, England with Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin asplanners.

FEU-IARFA SY 2012-2013 Urban and Regional Planning Architect Marie Grace A. Patadlas

Garden City Movement

By Sir Ebenezer Howard in 1898

LETCHWORTH – First Garden City in

UK Letchworth Planners –

Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin