The Circulatory System

What is the purpose of the

circulatory system?

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

O To move materials through out the body:O OxygenO Carbon dioxide & other wastesO NutrientsO Hormones O Antibodies

What are the 3 types of

circulation?

What are the 3 types of circulation?

O System – between heart to body systems

O Pulmonary – between heart & lungsO Coronary – between heart & heartS

What is coronary circulation?

What is coronary circulation?

O The flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart

O When the coronary circulation is blocked, oxygen and nutrients cannot reach all the cells of the heart. This can cause a heart attack

What is coronary circulation?

O The heart receives the oxygen and nutrients that it needs from the blood

O The blood also carries away wastes from the heart's cells

What is pulmonary circulation?

What is pulmonary circulation?

O The flow of blood through the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

What are the functions of the

systemic circulation system in your body?

What are the functions of the systemic circulation

system in your body?

It moves oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood to organs and body tissues.

It returns un-oxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood to the heart.

Trace the pathway of blood from heart to lungs and back.

Trace the pathway of blood

from heart to lungs and back.

A. Blood, high in carbon dioxide and

low in oxygen, returns from the

body to the heart. It enters the right

atrium through the superior and

inferior vena cavae.

Trace the pathway of blood

from heart to lungs and back.

B. The right atrium contracts, forcing the blood into the right ventricle. When the

right ventricle contracts, the blood leaves the heart and

goes through the pulmonary artery to

the lungs. The pulmonary arteries are the only arteries that

carry blood that is high in carbon dioxide

Trace the pathway of blood

from heart to lungs and back.

C. Oxygen-rich blood travels from the lungs through

the pulmonary vein and into the left

atrium. The pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry oxygen-

rich blood.

C.

Trace the pathway of blood

from heart to lungs and back.

D. The left atrium contracts and

forces the blood into the left

ventricle. The left ventricle contracts, forcing the blood out of the heart

and into the aorta.

List the parts of the circulatory (or cardiovascular)

system:

List the parts of the circulatory (or

cardiovascular) system:O HeartO Blood vessels

O ArteriesO VeinsO Capillaries

O Blood

Compare & contrast the three

types of blood vessels.

Compare & contrast the three types of blood vessels.

OAll 3 blood vessels transport (move) blood.

OCapillaries are only one cell thick.

OArteries & vein have 3 layers.OVeins have valves.

Compare & contrast the three types of blood vessels.

OArteries carry blood away from the heart.

OVeins carry blood to the heart.OCapillaries connect arteries & veins.

ODiffusion takes place in capillaries.

Describe arteriesO Blood vessels that carry blood away

from the heartO Have thick, elastic walls made of

connective tissue and smooth muscle tissue

Describe arteries

Describe veins

Describe veinsO Blood vessels that carry blood back

to the heart O Have one-way valves that keep

blood moving toward the heart

What is the purpose of blood vessels?

What is the purpose of blood vessels?

O Blood vessels carry the blood to every part of your body

What is blood pressure?

What does blood do?

What does blood do?O Blood moves oxygen and nutrients to

cellsO Carries carbon dioxide and other

wastes away from the cellsO Sometimes the blood carries

substances made in one part of the body to another part of the body where they are needed

What is the heart?

What is the heart?O An organ made of cardiac muscle tissue

Describe the heart

Describe the heartO Located behind your breastbone,

called the sternum, and between your lungs

O Has four compartments called chambersO The two upper chambers are called

the right and left atriaO The two lower chambers are called

the right and left ventricles

Describe the heartO During one heartbeat, both atriums

contract at the same timeO Then, both ventricles contract at the same

timeO A one-way valve separates each atrium

from the ventricle below it

Describe the heartO The blood flows only in one direction

from an atrium to a ventricle, then from a ventricle into a blood vessel

O A wall prevents blood from flowing between the two atriums or the two ventricles

O This wall keeps blood rich in oxygen separate from blood low in oxygen

O If oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood were to mix, your body's cells would not get all the oxygen they need

What is blood pressure?

The force of the blood on the walls of the blood vessels.

It is measured by a sphygmomanometer.

The pressure varies along the circuit – decreasing from artery to arteriole to capillary to venule to vein.

Pressure is highest at the start of the artery and lowest at the entrance to the atrium.

Blood pressure is much higher in the aorta than in the pulmonary artery.

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What is blood pressure?

The measures of a person’s blood pressure it taken at a large artery in the upper arm. It is the pressure need to stop blood flow in this artery and is measured at diastole and systole. Standard healthy readings are 80 mm Hg diastolic, 120 mm Hg systolic.

People with a diastolic number at or above 95

have hypertension (high blood pressure). It is usually caused by blockages in the arteries.

What is a pulse?OYour pulse is the rate at which your heart beats. Your pulse is usually called your heart rate, which is the number of times your heart beats each minute (bpm).

What is PulseO As your heart

pumps blood through your body, you can feel a pulsing in some of the blood vessels close to the skin's surface, such as in your wrist, neck, or upper arm. Counting your pulse rate is a simple way to find out how fast your heart is beating.

Blood

What is it and why is

it important.

The Blood

Blood

The average adult has about five liters of blood living inside of their body, coursing through their vessels, delivering essential elements, and removing harmful wastes. Without blood, the human body would stop working.

Blood Major function

Blood is the fluid of life, transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissue and carbon dioxide from body tissue to the lungs.

Blood percentages

55 percent plasma45 percent formed elements

Plasma percentages

90 % water8% plasma proteins2% hormones,vitamins,minerals etc.

Blood functions

Blood is the fluid of growth, transporting nourishment from digestion and hormones from glands throughout the body.

Blood is the fluid of health, transporting disease fighting substances to the tissue and waste to the kidneys.

Blood components

Because it contains living cells, blood is alive. Red blood cells and white blood cells are responsible for nourishing and cleansing the body. Since the cells are alive, they too need nourishment.

Formed elements of the blood

The most numerous of the formed elements are the red blood cells appearing in the largest numbers on a slide.

The second most numerous formed element would be the thrombocytes (platelets)

The least abundant would be the

leukocytes( white blood cells)

Formed elements according to size

Leukocytes (WBC’s) largest

Erythrocytes (RBC’s) slightly smaller than wbc’s on average

Thrombocytes (platelets) the smallest

Formed elements according to totalamount in the blood.

Erythrocytes 99% of the blood

Thrombocytes second most abundant

Leukocytes are the least abundant

But thrombocytes and Leukocytes

only make up 1% of the blood.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes )

Red blood cells are

biconcave discs.Make up about 45% of whole blood volume

Functions of RBCs

Carry oxygen to the cellsThe most important chemical found in

the red blood cell is hemoglobinA very important element in the

hemoglobin molecule is ironIron forms the weak bond and carries

oxygen in the blood stream.

Leukocytes White blood cells

The function of white blood cells is to fight off pathogens.

The two major categories are the granulocytes and the agranuloctyes

The granulocytes have granules in the cytoplasm and absorb different types of stains. (dyes)

Blood, what does it need?

Vitamins and Minerals keep the blood healthy. The blood cells have a definite life cycle, just as all living organisms do.

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Thrombocytes assist in blood clotting.

Blood subdivisions

Approximately 55 percent of blood is plasma, a straw-colored clear liquid. The liquid plasma carries the solid cells and the platelets which help blood clot. Without blood platelets, you would bleed to death.

Blood loss

When the human body loses a little bit of blood through a minor wound, the platelets cause the blood to clot so that the bleeding stops.

Because new blood is always being

made inside of your bones, the body

can replace the lost blood.

Blood replacement

When the human body loses a lot of blood through a major wound, that blood has to be replaced through a blood transfusion from other people.

Types of Blood

But everybody's blood is not the same. There are four different blood types.

Plus, your blood has Rh factors which make it even more unique. Blood received through a transfusion must match your own..

Blood Grouping: Examples

Type A blood – has type A antigens on its RBCs – the plasma has no anti-A antibodies – the plasma does have anti-B antibodies

Type AB blood – has both A & B antigens – has no antibodies (and therefore will not attack any other blood) – known as the ‘universal recipient’

Blood Grouping: Examples

Type O blood

– has neither A nor B antigens (and

therefore will not be attacked by

any other blood)

– has both anti-A & anti-B antibodies

– known as the ‘universal donor’

Donating blood

Patients who are scheduled to have major surgery make antologous blood donations (donations of their own blood) so that they have a perfect match

Blood cell under a microscope