THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• The circulatory system is the anatomical structure comprising both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system.

• The circulatory system transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, and returns oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.

TYPES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

• Closed circulatory system: It consists of a series of blood vessels where the blood circulates and doesn’t leave. The materials carried by the blood reach the tissues through diffusion.

• Open circulatory system: The blood pumped by the heart travels through blood vessels. The blood goes directly to the cells and is then returned by different mechanisms.

TOUR OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• Systemic or general circulation: The route of the blood begins in the left ventricle of the heart, carrying oxygen, and extends to the aorta and arterial branches. It then goes to the capillary system, where veins that contain oxygen-poor blood are formed.

TOUR OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• Pulmonary circulation: Oxygen-poor blood goes from the right ventricle of the heart through the pulmonary artery. It then branches off in two parts for both of the lungs. In the pulmonary alveolar capillary gas exchange takes place. Blood is oxygenated through a process known as hematosis, and is redirected by the four pulmonary veins which drain the oxygen-rich blood in the left auricle of the heart.

TOUR OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• Bloodstream: Blood regenerates from different cavities. The cycle finishes when the blood moves from the left auricle to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.

PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:THE BLOOD

• The blood: a viscous, red liquid composed of plasma and blood cells. There are three types of blood cells

-Red blood cells give

blood its colour and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

-White blood cells protect us and defend us from infections.

-Platelets block our wounds so we do not lose too much blood.

THE FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

• Blood transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells and takes away cell’s waste products so they can be eliminated.

• It regulates body temperature.

• It defends our body from infections.

PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:THE BLOOD VESSELS

• Blood vessels are the ducts through which the blood

circulates, pumped by the heart. There are three types.

- Veins: These transport the blood from the organs to the heart and branch off into subsequently smaller vessels. The smallest vein vessels are called venules.

- Arteries: These transport the blood from the heart to the organs and branch off into subsequently smaller vessels. The smallest artery vessels are called arterioles.

- Capillaries: They are very small vessels that reach all the cells in our body and connect the venules to the arterioles.

THE BLOOD VESSELS

VEINS ARTERIES

CAPILLARIES

PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:THE HEART

• The heart is a hollow organ made up of a special kind of muscle, called cardiac muscle. The heart is divided into two unconnected parts: the right and left halves.

• Each part is also divided into two: the upper part is called the auricle and the lower part the ventricle.

DISEASES OF THE CICULATORY SYSTEM

• Diseases of the blood vessels:

- Artery hypertension: Blood pressure exceeds normal values

- Arteriosclerosis: Hardening of the arteries, where the blood pressure rises and causes artery hypertension.

- Atherosclerosis: the depositing of cholesterol plaques on the inner wall of the arteries. This is an obstacle to the passage of blood to small arteries.

DISEASES OF THE CICULATORY SYSTEM

• Diseases of the heart: - Endocarditis: an

inflammation of the endocardium by a bacterial infection (malaise, fatigue and lack of appetite may appear).

- Angina pectoris: lack of oxygen to the miocardium due to the presence of cholesterol plaques on the coronary arteries

- Heart failure: inability of the heart to provide adequate blood flow to the body’s needs.

DISEASES OF THE CICULATORY SYSTEM

• Diseases of the blood:

- Anemia: the decrease of either the number of red blood cells in the blood, or the amount of hemoglobin inside red blood cells.

- Leukemia: also called “blood cancer”, is the excessive increase of abnormal white blood cells in the blood, as the number of normal white blood cells decreases.

- Thrombosis: formation of a blood clot inside an artery.

HEALTHY HABITS

• Avoid excessive consumption of food high in cholesterol and saturated fats.

• Do not smoke.• Avoid excessive body weight.• Do not abuse the use of salt.• Try to not spend much time

standing.• Exercise regularly.

BY

• ÁLVARO RICO ESPINOSA

• LUIS GUAPO RÍOS

• MANUEL BARRERA LÓPEZ