The Cinderella factor

Put the person into the shoePodiatry

The Foot

"Allowing for certain illnesses, how you walk should generally remain with you for life.  If we can record an image of how a

suspect's foot falls on a particular

surface, and we know that this footprint remains consistent, we could then compare it to a mark left

by a suspect at a crime scene.

Forensic Podiatry

• "There are certain characteristics on a person's foot that will remain the same.  For example if you have bunions then they will always be present and will give you a certain wear mark.  If you've got a very rigid first toe, then that will also give you a certain wear mark, and it doesn't really matter where you are or what you do, you will still have that particular wear mark.

• "Used on its own this will not necessarily convict a criminal but used alongside other evidence it will present a more robust case to the court."

Different Feet

Senario

Who owns the shoe??

Foot Uniqueness – the insole

• Toe position• Length• Width• Angle of the big toe against medial (inner side of the foot)• Longest toe• Methods of walking• Foot deformity

Cast of the suspects foot

The shape of the foot

• Make an impression of your foot on the graph paper and mark up the relative positions of the toes and add the measurement values.

• Compare the differences between your impression and your colleagues

Bones of the human foot

1: Bones of the human foot: a tarsus, b metatarsus, c phalanges of toes.

2. Bones of the tarsus: 1 talus, 2 calcaneus, w tuberosity of calcaneus, 3 cuboid, 4 to 6 cuneiform bones, 7 navicular. Bones of the metatarsus: 8 to 12 first to fifth metatarsal bones, 13 sesamoids, I big toe, II to IV second to fourth toes, V little toe. Phalanges: 14 first phalanx of big toe, 15 second phalanx of big toe, 16 first phalanx of little toe, 17 second phalanx of little toe, 18 third phalanx of little toe

Patterns of walking

Patterns of walking

Patterns of walking

Valgus and Varus

ANKLETalipes Valgus Sole faces away from midlineAlso called eversion and pronation of the foot.Talipes Varus Sole faces midline.Also called inversion and supination of the foot.GREAT TOEHallux Valgus (bunion) Great toe heads away from the midline of the body. Hallux Varus (unusual variant in shoe-wearing populations) Great toe heads toward midline of the body. 

Varus foot

Foot pronation

Sub-Talar Joint

ActionFoot

FunctionFoot

StructureOccurs In Gait Cycle

Pronation Mobile Adapter

Lowered archeslooser joints

Foot Flat and Mid-Stance

Supination Rigid Lever

Heightened archestighter joints

Heel Strike and Push-O

You can feel these movements by doing the following:Stand without shoes with feet approximately hip width apart; Keeping the length of your foot in contact with the ground roll your feet inward, so that the ankles get closer together and the medial arch lowers - This action is the motion of Pronation; Still keeping the base of your foot in contact with the ground, roll your feet back to where you started, and then roll outward, in the opposite direction. You will feel as through you are standing on the outside of your feet. This action is the motion of Supination.

A typical wear pattern on a shoe belonging to a person with forefoot varus. The condition causes the foot to bear weight in a more pronated position. The wear is beneath the medial side

of the foot, with little wear on the later side.

Patterns of walking

Supinated position Pronated Position

The feet pointing outwards produces wear

on the outside of the heel.

The feet pointing Inwards produces

wear on the inside of the heel.

Wear Patterns from the shoe

Wear Patterns on the shoe

Activity of wearer when imprint was made: Analysis of a plastic footwear impression can also be used help determine the activity of the wearing when the imprint was made. The footwear imprint left by person is different when they are walking, running or carry heavy loads. A footwear impression left by running person will typically deeper in the heel and toe sections of the shoeprint. A person carrying a heavy load such as a body will cause deeper prints than a person not carrying anything.

Wear variations

Wear Patterns

Wear Patterns

Air Bubbles

• Air bubbles created in the manufacturing process become class characteristics, but others can be revealed from the user wearing the shoe.

• Air bubbles revealed through wear and tear have a higher evidential value, their size and shape is an irregularity.

• Air bubbles created through manufacturing can re occur in the same place in multiple shoes

Insole examination

• As in barefoot print analysis

• Additionally:- consider interaction with footwear- consider effects of function- consider foot/shoe size implication of impression- Requires high quality photographs

Cast the insole

• Spray the insole with a silicone grease

• Fill the inside of the shoe with casting material and tie any laces

• Allow to dry for at least two hours

• Remove the shoe and view the cast

Insole with Ultra Violet light

Cinderella factor

• Distance between the toes• Shape of the big toe• Position of the toes

Shape of the foot