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Mike Molina

Mike Panko

Gabe Posluszny

Darren Reger

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Crosses the channel at the straight of Dover, the narrowest point of the channel

Goes from Folkestone, UK to Coquelles, France

31.4 mile train tunnel carrying people vehicles and freight via 2 single trackelectric rail sets

23.5 miles of the tunnel is under water making it the longest submerged tunnel

in the world At the lowest depth the tunnel is 250 feet below sea level

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Travel time underwater is about 20 minutes

Much faster and easier than ferry to cross thechannel

Construction took from 1988 to 1994 and the tunnel

was opened for passenger service on November 4,1994. At the time it was the largest project everconceived at about 21 billion US dollars.

Owned by Eurotunnel and operated by Eurotunnel,

Eurostar, DB Schenker Rail and SNCF In 2008 16.1 million tickets were sold for travel

across the chunnel through Eurotunnel andEurostar.

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Built in the chalk marl layer Chalk marl is chalk that has formed in shallower seas closer to land

where clay washout from rivers and streams sunk to the bottom anddeposited in the forming rock

Over time the land eroded back and the marl formation works away fromland and strictly white chalk forms

Chalk Marl is almost always found below the white or grey chalk as itforms first

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Channel_Tunnel_geological_profile_1.svg/800px-Channel_Tunnel_geological_profile_1.svg.png

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Due to the fine clay content in the marl it is virtually impervious towater

Clay content makes it softer than the higher levels making it easierand faster to tunnel, as it is easier on the cutting machinery.

http://www.whitecliffscountryside.org.uk/site_img/articles/82.jpg

Local chalk deposits White chalk cliffs at Dover (more clay content at lower levels)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/White_cliffs_of_dover_09_2004.jpg

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Convincing People such a long tunnel was safe. Todo this there was an escape tunnel construction inaddition to the 2 rail traffic tunnels.

Station on the English side has to be made on

Castle Hill Landslide and in order to overcome thisthey buttressed the station with drainage adits,which are gravity powered pathways for water toescape.

Needed a piston relief duct connecting the tunnels

to regulate the pressure for moving trains. Trains got too hot so they needed to run cool water

through pipes to keep the air at appropriatetemperatures.

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The spoil from the construction of the chunnelwas placed in Samphire hoe.

This area was then opened to the public as a

park.

samphire.ukfossils.co.uk

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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/channel.html

http://www.whitecliffscountryside.org.uk/in

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