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INDEX

abandonment, 44, 48, 91, 99absolute bar, 95–100, 110analogous art, 200–203antedate, 83–94, 112–116anticipation, 170–197, 225, 261, 315anticipation, inherent, 193–197anticipation, of a range, 192anticipation, of a species, 187–193anticipation, Petering-type, 189–191assignment, 15–16, 101, 104, 116, 120, 200

best mode, 158, 282, 312–317bioisostere, 216, 232, 259Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences,

xiii, 18, 90body (of claim), 138–142broadening of claims, 49–51, 57, 145, 293

certificate of correction, 47chirality, 238–239claim construction, 148–155, 171–174claim scope, 51, 134, 137, 145, 176, 183,

294, 296, 303, 312claims, 134–147claims, amended, 283claims, element, 145, 169, 200, 209, 282claims, limitation, 142, 145, 175, 261, 271,

291, 294claims, objection to, 35, 179, 283closed transition, 142–146, 171Code of Federal Regulations, xiicommercial success, 207, 247–249comprising, as a transition, 139–146,

172–175conception of invention, 82, 87, 93–95,

105–108, 109–113, 126–128

confidentiality agreement, 96consisting essentially of, as a transition,

142–145consisting of, as a transition, 139–146,

171–172, 175continuation application, 28, 35, 38, 45–46,

122, 284, 286–288controlling, court decision, 189controlling, preamble language, 145copying of invention, as secondary

consideration, 207, 249Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

(CAFC), xiii, 85

dependent claims, 53, 135difference in degree, 229–233difference in kind, 229–233, 243divisional application, 35, 41–46doctrine of equivalents, 9, 175, 200double patenting, obviousness-type,

104–105, 116double patenting, statutory, 102–104due diligence, 16, 87, 90, 93, 94, 107, 113duty of candor, 11, 61, 63, 79duty of disclosure, 33, 61, 63

effective date, 83, 86–89, 94enablement, 74, 138, 157, 170, 176, 179,

240, 244, 248, 282 299, 303–312enablement of a reference, 172enantiomer, 238–250evidence of failure, 248ex parte reexamination, 54–60experimental description, 76experimental use, 13, 98

The Chemist’s Companion Guide to Patent Law, by Chris P. Miller and Mark J. EvansCopyright C© 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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328 INDEX

first to file, 23, 83first to invent, 23, 83freedom to operate, 4–15, 50, 112, 142, 143

genus, 7, 14, 180–191, 250–258, 293–298,306

good faith, 61, 63Graham factors, 203–207

homologues, 235–238

improper dependent claims, 136incorporation by reference, 289independent claims, 134–138, 179independent selection, 147inequitable conduct, 60–79, 123–125information disclosure statement, 33, 65infringement, 4, 5, 8, 52, 55, 57, 59, 62, 70,

145, 175, 185, 193, 196, 200, 214,244, 291, 314

inherent elements, 194injunction, 60inoperable embodiment, 307intent, 49, 63, 66, 71–72, 75, 78–79, 98, 99,

121–125, 316inter partes reexamination, 58–60interference, 46, 90–91, 93, 113, 114,

272–273, 294–295intervening rights, 50–51inventive entity, 84–85, 102, 121inventive step requirement, 199inventorship, correction, 85, 121–123inventorship, definition, 117–120inventorship, improper, 121–125isomers, 147, 235–238, 243

license, 16, 98, 118–120literal infringement, 175–176long-felt need, 207, 247–248

make and use, 73, 127, 137, 152, 157–158,169–170, 176, 282, 299, 303–307

Manual of Patent Examining Procedure, xii,21

Markman hearing, 149, 168Markush claims, 7, 10, 27, 81, 136, 144,

146–148, 180–182, 184–185,187–191, 251, 256–258, 288

Markush claims, narrowing of, 293–298

materiality, 66, 72–75, 79misjoinder, 121–123

natural laws, patentability of, 159new matter, 35, 47, 49–50, 283–284,

287–290, 293–295, 298nonjoinder, 121–123nonobvious, 157, 169, 198–280nonprovisional patent application, 22–24notebooks, 88, 129, 314novelty, 56, 82, 100, 116, 137, 157,

168–197, 202, 225, 274novelty, combining references, 172, 175novelty, specificity of references, 173

obvious to try, 210, 232, 268obviousness, 157, 169, 198–280office action, 32, 35, 37, 44on sale, 82, 96–98open transition, 143–144, 146Orange Book, 53

paragraph IV certification, 53, 77, 244, 249patent, application priority date, 24, 26–27,

94, 282, 284, 286, 288patent, application process, 19–79patent, as property, 1patent, as rights to exclude, 2patent, assignment of, 15–16, 51, 101, 104,

116, 118, 120, 200patent, Constitutional basis, xii, 158patent, maintenance fees, 46–49patent, selection type, 14, 191patent, statutory subject matter, 156,

158–161patent, term of, 24, 27–28, 45, 191Patent Act of 1790, 198Patent Act of 1952, 198–199, 204Patent Application Information Retrieval

(PAIR), 57, 89person having ordinary skill in the art

(PHOSITA), 148, 157, 201–202,204, 211, 218–219, 221

phantom count, 273positional isomer, 236–238possession of the invention, 299poster, affect on patentability, 85postgrant opposition, 55preamble, of claim, 138–141, 145, 279

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INDEX 329

presumption of validity, 71prima facie obviousness, 207–210, 219,

222–223, 233–250, 262–266,268–270, 272

printed publication, 56, 82, 84, 85–86, 97prior art, 80–100, 105–116priority of invention, 23, 82prophetic example, 12, 76, 306prosecution history, 150, 154, 168, 205protecting groups, 67–69, 73provisional patent appication, 20, 22–30,

32, 34, 37–39, 89, 115, 296public use, 82, 90–91, 96–98purified natural compounds, 274–275

racemic mixture, 239–246ranges, 50, 153, 192–193, 259–268, 275,

290, 293–294, 303recapture doctrine, 51–52recognition, as secondary consideration,

247, 249–250reduction to practice, 82, 87, 90, 93–95, 98,

105–108, 110, 113, 126–127, 133,248

reissue, 20, 47, 49–54, 69research collaboration, 101, 200, 205restriction requirement, 34–35, 38, 44, 126,

177, 287result-effective variable, 267

secondary considerations, 204, 207–208,225, 240, 247–248, 272

skepticism, as secondary consideration,207, 247, 250

skill in the art, 73, 85, 127, 132, 157, 164,166, 169, 176, 193, 199, 201, 202,204–205, 207, 208, 210, 212–214,219, 224–226, 229–231, 234–236,239, 244, 246, 250, 252–253, 257,259, 267, 270, 272, 274–276,278–280, 289, 291, 297, 299, 301,303–305

simultaneous invention, 247–248species, defined, 7, 180species, anticipation by genus, 187–192species, anticipation of genus, 180–187species, and obviousness, 250–259specification, defined, 10statutory bar, 83, 110, 200structural similarity, 165, 209, 212, 222,

226, 234, 240subject matter, patentable, 104, 159–160subject matter as a whole, 100, 199–201,

212, 217, 279substitution of equivalents, 270–274summary judgement, 73swear behind, 88

teach away, 205, 217, 240teaching, suggestion, motivation (TSM),

208–209terminal disclaimer, 104–105, 116transition of claim, 138–146, 171–172, 174

undue experimentation, 73, 127, 157,169–170, 244, 303, 305, 307

unexpected results, 207, 224, 225–234, 241,243, 246–247, 263, 266, 270–272,274

unpredictability and obviousness, 205,219–224, 255, 257, 305, 311

U.S. Code, xiiutility, 20–22, 94, 106–107, 111, 133,

156–167, 214, 227, 235, 252–253,255, 275, 278, 303, 307

utility, credible, 164, 170, 301, 303, 310utility, Langer test, 166utility, of pharmaceutical inventions, 97,

164utility, specifc and substantial, 161–163

Wands factors, 303–306written description, 22, 23, 35, 50, 73, 138,

144, 154, 157, 282–302, 312–313