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The Chemistry of Acids and Bases. Acids and Bases: Naming At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:. Name any acid or base Determine if the acid is binary or ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system. Naming Acids. Binary Acids: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Acids and Bases: NamingAcids and Bases: NamingAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or
ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system
Naming AcidsNaming Acids
Binary Acids:Binary Acids: Contain “H” and one other elementContain “H” and one other element
To Name:To Name:Hydro + second element name + ic + acidHydro + second element name + ic + acid
Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acidEx: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acidHydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
HI = HI = Hydroiodic acid Hydroiodic acid
Prefix
Hydro-
Stem or root of nonmetal
< NM >
Suffix
-ic acid
HCl Hydro
HI Hydro
HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal
chlor ic acid
iod ic acid
H2S Hydro sulfur ic acid
Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)
Ternary Acids (oxyacids):Ternary Acids (oxyacids): Contain “H”, “O” and one more elementContain “H”, “O” and one more element
To Name:To Name:Polyatomic ion “ate” Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid “ic” + acid
Ex:Ex: HNOHNO33 == Nitr-ate Nitr-ate ic + acid ic + acidNitric acidNitric acid
HH22SOSO44 ==
Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid An easy way to remember which goes with An easy way to remember which goes with
which…which… ““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something ICICky”ky”
Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has one more oxygen than the root If the acid has one more oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name: To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid “ic” + acid
Ex: Ex: HNOHNO44 = Per + Nitr-ate = Per + Nitr-ate ic + acid ic + acid
Pernitric acidPernitric acid
HH22SOSO55 = =
Persulfuric acidPersulfuric acid
Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has one less oxygen than the root If the acid has one less oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name: To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite” Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid “ous” + acid
Ex: Ex: HNOHNO22 = Nitr-ite = Nitr-ite ous + acid ous + acid
Nitrous acidNitrous acid
HH22SOSO33 = =
Sulfurous acidSulfurous acid
Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has two less oxygens than the root If the acid has two less oxygens than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name: To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid “ous” + acid
Ex: Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite ous + acid ous + acidHyponitrous acidHyponitrous acid
HH22SOSO22 = =
Hyposulfurous acidHyposulfurous acid
Anion Ending Acid Name
-ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid
-ate (stem)-ic acid
-ite (stem)-ous acid
No OxygenNo Oxygen
w/Oxygen w/Oxygen
““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something IC ICky”ky”
h yd ro - p re fix-ic e n d ing
2 e le m e n ts
-a te e nd ingb e co m es-ic e nd ing
-ite e nd ingb e co m es
-o u s e nd ing
n o h yd ro - p re fix
3 e le m e n ts
A C ID Ss ta rt w ith 'H '
Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
• HBr HBr (aq)(aq)
• HH22COCO33
• HH22SOSO33
hydrohydrobrombromicic
acidacid
carboncarbonicic acid acid
sulfursulfurousous acid acid
HI HI (aq)(aq)
HCl HCl (aq)(aq)
HH22SOSO33
HNOHNO33
HClOHClO44
Hydroiodic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfurous acid
Nitric acid
Perchloric acid
Practicing Naming All Acids From HOPracticing Naming All Acids From HO
Formula Binary or Ternary
Name
HCl B
HI B
HNO3T
H2SO4T
H3PO4T
H2CO3T
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Phosphoric acid
Carbonic acid
Hydroiodic acid
Chemical Compound QuizChemical Compound Quiz
Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common
name?
Bleach
Naming BasesNaming Bases
Name the metal firstName the metal first Add hydroxideAdd hydroxide
Ex:Ex: NaOH = NaOH = Sodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide
KOH = KOH =
Potassium hydroxidePotassium hydroxide
NaOHNaOH sodium hydroxide, lyesodium hydroxide, lye
KOHKOH potassium hydroxide, liquid soappotassium hydroxide, liquid soap
Mg(OH)Mg(OH)22 magnesium hydroxide “MOM” magnesium hydroxide “MOM”
Milk of MagnesiaMilk of Magnesia
Al(OH)Al(OH)33 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)
NHNH44OH ammonium hydroxideOH ammonium hydroxide
Tell you what, I’ll follow you!!
Practice Naming BasesPractice Naming Bases
Formula Name
NaOH
Fe(OH)3
Mg(OH)2
Ni(OH)2
NH4OH
Sodium hydroxide
Iron (III) hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Nickel (II) hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
Acids and Bases: NamingAcids and Bases: NamingLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or
ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system
Pass the Clicker!!!
Name HCl.Name HCl.
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid
7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
8.8. Who cares??Who cares??1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Name HClO.Name HClO.
Hyd
rogen ch
lor...
Hyd
roch
loric a...
Chloric acid
Perchloric
aci...
Chlorous a
cid
Hyp
ochloru
s ac..
.
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid
Name HClOName HClO33..
Hyd
rogen ch
lor...
Hyd
roch
loric a...
Chloric acid
Perchloric
aci...
Chlorous a
cid
Hyp
ochloru
s ac..
.
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid
Forgetter Be Forgotten?Forgetter Be Forgotten?
My forgetter's getting better,My forgetter's getting better,But my rememberer is brokeBut my rememberer is brokeTo you that may seem funnyTo you that may seem funnyBut, to me, that is no joke.But, to me, that is no joke.
For when I'm 'here' I'm For when I'm 'here' I'm wonderingwondering
If I really should be 'there'If I really should be 'there'And, when I try to think it And, when I try to think it
through,through,I haven't got a prayer!I haven't got a prayer!
Forgetter Be Forgotten?Forgetter Be Forgotten?
Oft times I walk into a room,Oft times I walk into a room,Say 'what am I here for?'Say 'what am I here for?'
I wrack my brain, but all in I wrack my brain, but all in vain!vain!
A zero, is my score.A zero, is my score.
At times I put something awayAt times I put something awayWhere it is safe, but, Gee!Where it is safe, but, Gee!The person it is safest fromThe person it is safest from
Is, generally, me!Is, generally, me!
Forgetter Be Forgotten?Forgetter Be Forgotten?
When shopping I may see When shopping I may see someone,someone,
Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Then, when the person walks Then, when the person walks
awayawayI ask myself, 'who the hell was I ask myself, 'who the hell was
that?that?
Yes, my forgetter's getting betterYes, my forgetter's getting betterWhile my rememberer is broke,While my rememberer is broke,And it's driving me plumb crazyAnd it's driving me plumb crazy
And that isn't any joke.And that isn't any joke.
Name HClOName HClO44..
Hyd
rogen ch
lor...
Hyd
roch
loric a...
Chloric acid
Perchloric
aci...
Chlorous a
cid
Hyp
ochloru
s ac..
.
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid
Name HClOName HClO22..
Hyd
rogen ch
lor...
Hyd
roch
loric a...
Chloric acid
Perchloric
aci...
Chlorous a
cid
Hyp
ochloro
us a...
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid
Name HName H22SOSO44
Hyd
rogen Sulfa
...
Hyd
rosu
lfuric
...
Sulfu
ric acid
Persulfu
ric ac..
.
Sulfu
rous a
cid
Hyp
osulfu
rous .
..
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.1. Hydrogen SulfateHydrogen Sulfate
2.2. Hydrosulfuric acidHydrosulfuric acid
3.3. Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid
4.4. Persulfuric acidPersulfuric acid
5.5. Sulfurous acidSulfurous acid
6.6. Hyposulfurous acidHyposulfurous acid
Name HName H33POPO33
Hyd
rogen phosp
...
Hyd
rophosp
hic ...
Phosphoric
aci...
Perphosp
hic ac..
.
Phosphoro
us ac..
.
Hyp
ophosphoro
u...
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.1. Hydrogen phosphiteHydrogen phosphite
2.2. Hydrophosphic acidHydrophosphic acid
3.3. Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid
4.4. Perphosphic acidPerphosphic acid
5.5. Phosphorous acidPhosphorous acid
6.6. Hypophosphorous acidHypophosphorous acid
Name HNO.Name HNO.
Hyd
rogen N
itri...
Hyd
ronitr
ic ac..
.
Nitr
ic acid
Pernitr
ic acid
Nitr
ous acid
Hyp
onitrous a
c...
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.1. Hydrogen NitriteHydrogen Nitrite
2.2. Hydronitric acidHydronitric acid
3.3. Nitric acidNitric acid
4.4. Pernitric acidPernitric acid
5.5. Nitrous acidNitrous acid
6.6. Hyponitrous acidHyponitrous acid
Name Sr(OH)Name Sr(OH)22
Stro
ntium (II)...
Stro
ntium Oxyg
...
Stro
ntium Oxyh
...
Stro
ntium Hydr...
Stro
ntinoic Ac..
.
Stro
ntium Dihy...
Not li
sted
14% 14% 14% 14%14%14%14%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.1. Strontium (II) HydroxideStrontium (II) Hydroxide
2.2. Strontium Oxygen Strontium Oxygen HydrogenHydrogen
3.3. Strontium OxyhydrideStrontium Oxyhydride
4.4. Strontium HydroxideStrontium Hydroxide
5.5. Strontinoic AcidStrontinoic Acid
6.6. Strontium DihydroxideStrontium Dihydroxide
7.7. Not listedNot listed
Name Fe(OH)Name Fe(OH)33
Iron (II
I) Hyd
...
Iron Hydro
xide
Ironic
Acid
Iron (I)
Hydro...
Iron O
xyhyd
rid...
Not li
sted
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.1. Iron (III) HydroxideIron (III) Hydroxide
2.2. Iron HydroxideIron Hydroxide
3.3. Ironic AcidIronic Acid
4.4. Iron (I) HydroxideIron (I) Hydroxide
5.5. Iron OxyhydrideIron Oxyhydride
6.6. Not listedNot listed
Red-Neck Innovations:Red-Neck Innovations: