The Chandra 3C Snapshot Survey: The Story So Far · Chandra Snapshot Program A. PAGGI ASTROPHYSICS OF HOT PLASMA IN EXTENDED X-RAY SOURCES 6/12-14/2019 Before 2007, only ~ 60% of

The The ChandraChandra 3C Snapshot Survey: 3C Snapshot Survey: The Story So FarThe Story So FarAlessandro PaggiAlessandro Paggi1,21,2

ASTROPHYSICS OF HOT PLASMA IN EXTENDED X-RAY SOURCESASTROPHYSICS OF HOT PLASMA IN EXTENDED X-RAY SOURCES6/12-14/20196/12-14/2019

11INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino – Italy; INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino – Italy; 22Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino – Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino – Italy; 33Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino – Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino – Italy; 44Consorzio Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS) – Italy; Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS) – Italy; 55Department of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Carlson Center for Imaging Science – USA; Department of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Carlson Center for Imaging Science – USA; 66School of Physics and Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology – USA; Rochester Institute of Technology – USA; 77Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba – Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba – Canada; 88Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology – Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology – USA; USA; 99Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi Roma Tre – Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi Roma Tre – Italy; 1010Istituto di Radioastronomia - INAF Bologna – Italy; Istituto di Radioastronomia - INAF Bologna – Italy; 1111Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna – Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna – Italy; 1212Hamburger Sternwarte, Universitat Hamburg – Germany; Hamburger Sternwarte, Universitat Hamburg – Germany; 1313Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory – USA; Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory – USA; 1414Space Telescope Science Institute – USA; Space Telescope Science Institute – USA; 1515Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University – USA; Johns Hopkins University – USA; 1616INAF-IASF Palermo – Italy; INAF-IASF Palermo – Italy; 1717Instituto de Astronomia Teorica y Experimental IATE, CONICET - Observatorio Astronomico, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba – Instituto de Astronomia Teorica y Experimental IATE, CONICET - Observatorio Astronomico, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba – Argentina; Argentina; 1818Observatorio Astronomico, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba – Argentina; Observatorio Astronomico, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba – Argentina; 1919Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian – USA; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian – USA; 2020INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna- Italy; Spazio di Bologna- Italy; 2121Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire – UK; Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire – UK; 2222National Centre for Radio Astrophysics - Tata Institute National Centre for Radio Astrophysics - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research – India; of Fundamental Research – India; 2323Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science – Australia; Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science – Australia; 2424Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Universita di Napoli Federico II – Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Universita di Napoli Federico II – Italy; Italy; 2525ASTRON, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy - The Netherlands; ASTRON, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy - The Netherlands; 2626Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen - The Netherlands; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen - The Netherlands; 2727School of Physics & Astronomy, School of Physics & Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology – USA; Rochester Institute of Technology – USA; 2828Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) – Spain; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) – Spain; 2929Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Dpto. Astrofisica – Spain; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Dpto. Astrofisica – Spain; 3030Instituto de Astrofisica and Centro de Instituto de Astrofisica and Centro de Astroingenieria, Facultad de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile – Chile; Astroingenieria, Facultad de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile – Chile; 3131Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Firenze – Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Firenze – Italy; 3232INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri – Italy; Arcetri – Italy; 3333Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica/MCTIC – Brazil; Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica/MCTIC – Brazil; 3434Divisao deAstrofisica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Brazil; Divisao deAstrofisica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Brazil; 3535Gemini Observatory, Southern Operations Center – Gemini Observatory, Southern Operations Center – Chile; Chile; 3636Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie - GermanyMax-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie - Germany

F. MassaroF. Massaro1,2,3,41,2,3,4, D. Axon, D. Axon5,65,6, B. Balmaverde, B. Balmaverde11, S. A. Baum, S. A. Baum7,87,8, S. Bianchi, S. Bianchi99, A. Bonafede, A. Bonafede10,11,1210,11,12, G. Brunetti, G. Brunetti1010, A. Capetti, A. Capetti11, C. C. Cheung, C. C. Cheung1313, M. , M. ChiabergeChiaberge14,1514,15, G. Cusumano, G. Cusumano1616, C. J. Donzelli, C. J. Donzelli17,1817,18, W. R. Forman, W. R. Forman1919, R. Gilli, R. Gilli2020, G. Giovannini, G. Giovannini10,1110,11, P. Grandi, P. Grandi2020, M. J. Hardcastle, M. J. Hardcastle2121, D. E. , D. E. HarrisHarris1919, P. Kharb, P. Kharb2222, R. P. Kraft, R. P. Kraft1919, J. Kuraszkiewicz, J. Kuraszkiewicz1919, V. La Parola, V. La Parola1616, E. Liuzzo, E. Liuzzo1010, L. Lovisari, L. Lovisari1919, F. D. Macchetto, F. D. Macchetto1414, K.-H. Mack, K.-H. Mack1010, J. P. , J. P. MadridMadrid2323, A. Maselli, A. Maselli1616, V. Missaglia, V. Missaglia1,19,241,19,24, R. Morganti, R. Morganti25,2625,26, C. P. O’Dea, C. P. O’Dea7,277,27, M. Orienti, M. Orienti1010, R. Paladino, R. Paladino1010, M. A. Prieto, M. A. Prieto28,2928,29, F. Ricci, F. Ricci3030, G. , G. RisalitiRisaliti31,3231,32, A. Rodriguez-Ardila, A. Rodriguez-Ardila33,3433,34, M. Schirmer, M. Schirmer35,3635,36, A. Siemiginowska, A. Siemiginowska1919, W. Sparks, W. Sparks1414, C. Stuardi, C. Stuardi10,1110,11, E. Torresi, E. Torresi2020, G. R. Tremblay, G. R. Tremblay1919 & B. & B. J. WilkesJ. Wilkes1919

X-Rays from Radio Galaxies

A. PAGGI ASTROPHYSICS OF HOT PLASMA IN EXTENDED X-RAY SOURCES 6/12-14/2019

X-ray emission associated with radio sources ~ 100s kpc scale (e.g., Fabian et al. 2003; Scharf et al. 2003; Erlund et al. 2006)

● SSC (Kataoka & Stawarz 2005) dominates in radio hot spots (Hardcastle et al. 2004)

● IC/CMB (Harris, & Grindlay 1979; Schwartz et al. 2000), X-ray structures generally aligned with radio axis (Celotti & Fabian 2004; Ghisellini et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2017)

● IC form far-IR photons from galactic starburst on ~100-200 kpc scale (Smail et al. 2009, 2012)

● Thermal emission from the hot gas of the IGM (Ineson et al. 2013, 2015; Worrall 2002; Crawford & Fabian 2003).

3C 432 (Erlund et al. 2006)

3C 274.1 (Ineson et al. 2013)3C 6.1 (Hardcastle et al. 2004)

3CR Catalog


The last revised version of the Third Cambridge Catalog (3CR) of extragalactic radio sources (Spinrad et al. 1985) is one of the best-studied samples of radio-loud AGNs

● 178 MHz radio flux-limited sample● 9 Jy cutoff● 0.0005<z<2.5● Northern hemisphere <-5° in decl.● 298 extragalactic radio sources (158 FR II, 39 FR I radio galaxies, 57

quasars, 2 Seyferts, 2 BL Lacs, 20 unidentified, and 20 unclassified)

Unbiased with respect to viewing angle, X-ray properties of the sources.It spans a wide range of redshift and radio powerIt has a vast multifrequency database of ground and spaced-based observations (radio: NRAO VLA, NVAS, MERLIN; infrared: Spitzer, Dicken et al. 2014; Ramírez et al. 2014; Ghaffari et al. 2017; optical: HST; Privon et al. 2008; Tremblay et al. 2009)It is an ideal sample to investigate the properties of active galaxies.

Chandra Snapshot Program


Before 2007, only ~ 60% of 3CR extragalactic sources were observed by Chandra and ~ 35% by XMM-Newton. To extend the wavelength coverage of the 3CR catalog, we started an X-ray snapshot survey with Chandra → angular resolution comparable to optical and radio frequencies.

Main goals:● Study the X-ray emission arising from jet knots, hotspots, and

nuclei of radio sources● Search for observational evidence of AGN interactions with the

hot gas in galaxies, groups, and clusters of galaxies (feedback) (Fabian 2012; Kraft et al. 2012)

● Search for galaxy clusters via the presence of extended X-ray emission unrelated to the radio structures (Belsole et al. 2007; Ineson et al. 2013; Mannering et al. 2013)

The Story So Far...


During Chandra AO9, AO12, AO13, AO15, AO17 data acquired for 113 sources (z<1.5) with at least a snapshot (<20 ks exposure) Chandra observation:

● Flux maps in three energy bands (0.5-1 keV, 1-2 keV, and 2-7 keV)

● Basic parameters (net counts, extension ratios, fluxes, and luminosity) for the nuclei and other radio structures detected (i.e., knots, hotspots, lobes)

● X-ray spectral analysis of the brightest nuclei

(Massaro et al. 2010, 2012, 2013, 2018; Stuardi et al. 2018)

Extended Emission


Extended X-ray emission found in 18 sources

Hotspots


3C 105

24 hotspots

Lobe Emission


3C 105

13 lobes

The Power of the Snapshot

ASTROPHYSICS OF HOT PLASMA IN EXTENDED X-RAY SOURCES 6/12-14/2019

● Proprietary rights are immediately waived: legacy program for the whole astronomical community

● X–ray extended emission around other nuclei (Balmaverde et al. 2012)

● Statistical analyses of extragalactic jets (Massaro et al. 2011)

● Follow-up observations (3C 171, 3C 305, 3C 89, 3C 459)

3C 89 (Dasadia et al. 2016)

3C 459 (Maselli et al. 2018)

3C 171 (Hardcastle et al. 2010)

3C 305 (Hardcastle et al. 2010)

A. PAGGI

3C 17 Knots


IC/CMB (Massaro et al. 2009). Gemini data: 3C 17 is part of a galaxy cluster at a redshift of z=0.220 with 12 members (Madrid et al. 2018).

3C 305


CSS with X-ray radiation associated with the [O iii] emission: radio jet interactions with the circumnuclear environment (collisional ionization) or by emission from photoionized gas (Massaro et al. 2009).

3C 196.1


Inner cavity: past merger event (sloshing). Outer cavity: buoyantly rising bubble originating from AGN outburst (Ricci et al. 2018).

3C 196.1


XMM-Newton AO 18 ~ 100 ks

3C 187


3C 187


Extended cross-cone emission, lobe emission compatible with IC/CMB (but low statistic, Paggi et al. in prep).

Main Results


● During AO9, AO12, AO13, AO15, AO17 (and AO20) the 3CR Chandra snapshot survey allowed us to observe 113 targets (z<1.5)

● Flux maps, net counts, fluxes, and luminosity for nuclei and other radio structures, X-ray spectral analysis of the brightest nuclei

● X–ray emission has been detected for all but two radio nuclei (3C 153 and 3C 319)

● We found extended X-ray emission in 18 sources, 11 jet knots, 13 lobes, 24 hotspots (marginal detections for other 9)

● Follow-up observations, detailed analysis for most interesting sources

Chandra Catalog Cool Target


Cool-attitude targets for the Chandra mission: Bologna Sky Survey (B2CAT) at 408 MHz.

Unidentified 3CR Sources


● 25 unidentified source● SWIFT XRT and UVOT 5

ks observations● X-ray counterpart for 11● WISE counterparts for 9,

with colors consistent with quasars

● No optical/UV counterpart (Maselli et al. 2016)

➔ High redshift quasars➔ Highly obscured radio-

loud active galaxies

Documents

The Chandra 3C Snapshot Survey: The Story So Far · Chandra Snapshot Program A. PAGGI ASTROPHYSICS OF HOT PLASMA IN EXTENDED X-RAY SOURCES 6/12-14/2019 Before 2007, only ~ 60% of