SiV* y

1

i!

THE

CENTURY DICTIONARYAND

CYCLOPEDIAA

UNIVERSAL REFERENCE IN ALL DEPARTMENTS OF KNOWLEDGE WITH A NEW ATLAS OF THE WORLD

WORK OF

IN

TEN VOLUMES

VOLUME

11

PUBLISHED BY

Cije Ccnturg Co. NEW YORK

Copyright, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901,

By The Cexturt

Co.

All Eights Seserted.

PUBLISHERS'Withthe publication oftlie

NOTE ON THE COMPLETEDwhichis

WORK

Atlas

incorporated

ary and Cyclopedia has been brought to completion.tionary and supplementedserves as an extension ofit

on

its

encyclopedic side,

in the present edition The Century DictionAs the Cyclopedia of Names grew out of the Dicso the Atlas has grown out of the Cyclopedia, and

its

geographical material.

Eacli of these

works deals with a

different part of the

great field of words,reference

common words and names, while thewhole of thatfield.

three, in their unity, constitute atotal

which

practically covers the

The

work of number of words and names defined

or otherwise described in the completed

work

is

about 4^0,000.

The

special features of each of these several parts of thein

be found

the

first,

ninth,

words of the language are historical, and practical information in addition to an unrivaled wealth of purely philological material that the same encyclopedic method is applied to proper names -names of persons, places, characters in fiction, books in short, of everything to which a name is given; and that in the Atlas geographical names, and much besides, are exhibited with a completeness and serviceableness seldom equaled. Of The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia as a whole, therefore, it may be said that it is in its own field the most complete presentation of human knowledge that exists. scientific, historical, and practical Moreover, the method of distributing this encyclopedic material under a large number of headings, which has been followed throughout, makes each item of this great store of information far more accessible than in works in which a different system is adopted. The whole represents fifteen years of labor. The first edition of The Century Dictionary was completed in 1891, and that of The Century Cyclopedia of Names in 1894. During the years that have elapsed since those dates each of these works has been subjected to repeated careful revisions, in order to include the latest information, and the results of this scrutiny are comprised in this edition.;

book are described in the Prefaces which will and tenth volumes. It need only be said that the definitions of the common for the most part stated encyclopedically, with a vast amount of technical,

January, 1899.

\

mun

COLLEGE LIBRARY

N/. '2.

THE

CENTURY DICTIONARYAN ENCYCLOPEDIC LEXICON

OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF

WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY,

Ph.D., LL.D.

PROFESSOR OF COMPARATIVF. PHILOLOGY AND SANSKRIT IN YALE UNIVERSITY

PUBLISHED BY

%\)t Centuvj) Co. NEW YORK

Copyright, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1895, 1896, 18^7, 189^, 1900, 1901, by The Century Co.

All Rights Rcservi'J.

By permission of Messrs. Blackie

&

Son, publishers of

The

Imperial Dictionary

by Dr. Ogilvie and

Dr. Annandale, material from that English copyright

work has been

freely used in the preparation of

The Century Dictionary, andmatter so protected has been

certain

owners of American copyrights having claimed that undue use ofin

made

the compilation of

The

Imperial Dictionary, notice

is

herebyits

given that arrangement has also been made with the proprietors of such copyright matter forin the preparation of

use

The Century Dictionary.

THE OEVINNE PRESS.

ABBREVIATIONS

USEDu.,

INengin.

THE ETYMOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS.engineering.

atlj

adjective.

meoh

mechanics,cal.

mechani-

ibbrabl

abhrenation.ablative.

entomEpis.

entomology.Episcopal.

medmensur. metal

ace

accusative.

equivesp

equivalentespecially.

medicine. mensuration.metallurgy.

photog phren physphysiolpi.,

photography.phrenology.physical.

physiology.plural.

accomact.

accommodated.accommodation.active.

plur

Ethethnog.ethnol

Ethiopic.

ethnography.ethnology.

metaph meteor

metaphysics.

poetpolitPol

poetical.political.

meteorology.

adv AF.agrL AL.alg

adverb.

MexMGr.

Mexican.

Polish.

Anglo-French.agriculture.

etymEur.

etymology. European.exclamation. feminine.

Middle Greek, medieval Greek.

poss

possessive.

ppppr Pr

past participle.

Anglo- Latinalgebra.

exclamf.,

MHGmilit

Middle High German.military.

present

partici])le.

fem

Provencal

(tmutUi*

Ameraiiat,

American. anatomy.ancient.antiquity.aoriat.

F.

Frenchinf/

(iisually inean-

mineral

mineralogy.

meaningvencal)."

Old

Pro-

modern French).

MLMLG.

Middle Latin, medieval Latin.

anc.

FlemfortfreqFries.

Flemish.fortification.

pref

prefix.

antiqaor.

frequentative.Friesic,

modmycol

Middle Low German. modern.mycology.

prepprespretpriv.

preposition.present.preterit.

appar.

apparently.Arabic.architecture.archaeology.

Ararcharcha^olarith.

fut

future.

mythnn.,

G.

Gemian(itsitaUymeaTUing

mythology. noun.neuter.

privative.

New High

Ger-

neut

arithmetic.article,

man).

N

New.North.

prob pron pron proppros. Prot.

probably, probable.

pronoun. pronounced,ciation.

pronun-

art

Gaelgalv.

Gaelic.

NN. Amer. nat

ASaatrol

Anglo-Saxon.astrology.

galvanism.genitive.

North America.natural.nautical.

properly.

gengeog.gaol

prosody.Protestant.provincial.

astronattrib

astronomy.attributive.

geography.geology.

naut

aDg Bav

augmentative.Bavarian.

geomGoth.Gr.

Bengbiol

BengalLbiology.

geometry. Gothic (Moesogothic). Greek.

nav NGr.

navigation.

prov

New New New

Greek,

modem

Greek.

psychol q. Vrefl

psychology.L.

q\tod (or pi.vide,

qu^)

NHG.

B igh Germanreg

which

see.

BohembotBraz.Bret,'

Bohemian.botany.Brazilian.

gram gun

grammar.gunnery.

(iiMiaUy simply G.,

reflexive.

German).Nil.

regular, regularly.

Hebher.

Hebrew.heraldry.

Latin,

modern

repr.

representing.rhetoric.

Latin.

rhet

Breton.

herpet

herpetology.

bryoL Bulgcarp

bryology.

Hindhist

Hindustani.history.

nom Normnorth

nominative.

Norman.northern.

Rom RomRussSS.

Roman.Romanic, Romance(languages).

Bulgarian.carpentry.Catalan.Catholic.

CatOath.cans.

horol hort

horology.horticulture.

NorwnumisO.

Norwegian. numismatics.Old.obsolete.obstetrics.

Russian.South.

Hunghydraul hydroscompare.Icel

Hungarian.hydraulics.hydrostatics.

Amer

causative.

obsobstet(usually

8C

South American. L. scilicet, understand,supply.

ceramcf.

ceramics.L. coi\fer,

Icelandic

OBulg.

Old Bulgarianwisecalled

{other-

Sc

Scotch.

eh Chal

church.Chaldee.

meaning

Old

Ice-

Church

ScandScrip sculp

Scandinavian.Scripture.

landic, ofAermsecaW-

Slavonic, Old Slavic,

chemChinchron.

chemical, chemistry.Chinese.chronologj-.colloquial, colloquially.

ed Old Norse). ichthi.

ichthyology.L. id est, thatis,

OCatCD.

e.

coUoq

comf

commerce, coramercial.

impers impf

impersonal.imperfect.

ODanodontogodontol OF.

Old Slavonic). Old Catalan. Old Dutch. Old Danish. odontography.odontology.

sculpture.

Servsing

Servian.singular.

SktSlav.

SanskritSlavic, Slavonic.

impviraprop

imperative.

Spsubj.

Spanish.

compcomparconchconj

composition, com-

improperly.-.

pound. comparative. conchology.conjunction.contracted, contraction.

Indind

.Indian.indicative.

OFlein

OGael

Indo-Eur.indefinfinstr.

Indo-European.indefinite.infinitive.

OHGOlr Olt

contr

instrumental.interjection...intransitive.Irish.

Corncraniol

Cornish.craniology.craniometry'.cr>'stallography.

interjintr., intrans. It.

OL OLGONorthOPruss.orig

craTiiomcrystal

Old French. Old Flemish. Old Gaelic. Old High German. Old Irish. Old Italian. Old Latin. Old Low German. Old Northumbrian. Old Prussian.original, originally.

subjunctive.superlative.

superl

sui^BUrv

surgery.

surveying.

Sw. synSyr.

Swedish.

synonymy,Syriac.

technoltelegteratol

technology.telegraphy.teratology.

irreg.

irregular, irregularly.Italian.

DDan datdefderlvdialdiff

Dutch.Danish.dative.definite, definition.

It

ornith

oniitbology.

JapL.

Japanese. Latin (usually mcaiiing classical Latin).Lettish.

OS OSposteol

Old Saxon. Old Spanish.osteology.

term Teut theattheol

termination.

Teutonic.theatrical.

theology.

theraptoxiooltr.,

therapeutics,toxicology.transitive.

derivative, derivation.dialect, dialectal.

Lett

03wOTeutp. a.

LGlichenollit

Low German.lichcnology.literal, literally.

Old Swedish. Old Teutonic.participial adjective.

trans

different.

trigon

trigonometry.

dimdiatrib

diminutive.distributive.

paleon

paleontology.participle.

Turktypogult V varvetV.

Turkish.typugr.nphy.

lit

literature.

partpass patholperf

dram

dramatic.

Lithlithoglithol

dynam E Eeccl., eccles

dynamics.East.

Lithuanian. lithography.lithology.

passive.

ultimate, ultimately.vcrl>.

pathology.perfect.

variant.

English (tisuall;/ ineaniVi^modern English).ecclesiastical.

LLm., masc

Late Latin. masculine.Middle.

Pers pers persp

Persian,

veterinary.intransitive verb.

person.perspective.

L

Mmach

V. t

transitive verb,"Welsh.

econe.

economy.L. exempli gratia, for

machinery.

PeruvpetrogPg.phar.

Peruvian.

WWall Wallach W. Ind/rvjgeogzottl

g

mammalmanuf math

mammalogy.manufacturing.

petrography.Portuguese.

Walloon.Wallacliian.

example.

Egypt E. Indelect

Egyptian.East Indian.electricity.

MD.

ME

embryol

embryology.English.

mathematics. Middle Dutch. Middle English (r-r/wr. wise called Old Eng-

pharmacy.Phenician.philologj'.

West

Indian.

Phenphilol

zoiigeography.zotilogy.

philoB

philosophy.

2oOt

zodtomy.

Eng

UahX

phonog

phonography.

KEY TO PRONUNCIATION.a

a a a a ae

as in fat, man, pang, as iu fate, luane. dale, as in far, father, guard,

oi

as inin

oil,

joint, boy.

'a,

ou as

pound, proud, now.

e

as in Persia, peninsula. as in the book.as in nature, feature.

udot under a vowel in an unaccented syllable indicates its abbreviation and lightening, without absolute loss of its distinctive qual-

as iu

fall, talk,

naught,

A single

as in ask, fast, ant. as in fare, hair, bear. as in met, pen, bless. as in mete, meet, meat. as in her, fern, heard. as in pin,it,

A mark (^}ch, j, sh, :h.

under the consonants

i,

d, s, z in-

ity.

See Preface, p.

xi.

Thus

dicates that they in like

manner

are variable to

Thus:

ae

e 6i i

as in prelate, courage, captain, as in ablegate, episcopal.

t

as in nature, adventure.

obiscuit,file.

u

as in abrogate, eulogy, democrat, as in singular, education.

ds

as in arduous, education. as in pressure, as in seizure.

as in pine, tight,

z

o6 o 6

as in not, on, frog. as in note, poke, floor,as in move, spoon, room. as iu nor, song, off. as in tub, son, blood, as iu mute, acute, few (also new, see Preface, pp. as in pull, book, could.:

dot under a vowel in an unaccented syllable indicates that, even in the mouths of the best speakers, its sound is variable to, and in ordinary utterance actually becomes, theshort H-souud (of but, pun, etc.).p. xi.

A double

th as in thin.

THn

as in then.

See Preface,

ch as in

German

ach, Scotch loch.

Thus:

aei

tube, duty

ix, x).

as in errant, republican, as in prudent, difference, as iu charity, density.

German

ii,

French

u.

g

as in valor, actor, idiot.

French nasalizing n, as in ton, en. ly (in French words) French liquid (mouiU6) 1. ' denotes a primary, " a secondary accent. (A secondary accent is not marked if at its regular interval of two syllables from the primary, or from another secondary.)

SIGNS.-1-

=

; i. e., derived from. read wh^inco ; i. e., from which is derived. read and ; i. e., compounded with, nr with sufSx. read cognate with; i. e., etymologieally parallel with.

read/rom

y/ read root.*

read theoretical or alleged; i. e., theoretically assumed, or asserted but unverified, form.

t

read

obsolete.

SPECIAL EXPLANATIONS,A superior figure placed after a title-word indicates that the word so

Book and chapterPart and chapter

.

nated in the text immediately following, or

marked

is

distinct

under the

title

referred to.arc

etymologieally from other words, following or preceding it, spelled in the same manner and

marked withback^ (bak),

different numbers.

Thus

:

n.

The posterior

part, etc.

bacfcl (bak), a.

Lj-ing or being behind, etc.

back' (bak), V. To furnish with a back, etc. back' (bak), adv. Behind, etc. The earlier form of bat". back'-'t (bak), H.back'^ (bak),etc..

Book and line Book and page Act and scene Chapter and verse No. and page Volume and page Volume and chapter Part, book, and chapterPart, canto,

The. .

figures

by which the synonym-lists

V

iii.

10.

.

sometimes divided indicate the senses or definitions with which they are connected. The title-words begin with a small (lowercase) letter, or with a capital, according to usage. When usage differs, iu this matter, with the different senses of a word, the abbreviations [cajj.] for "capital" and[/.

II. 34.

IV.

iv.

II. iv. 12.

c]

for

and stanza

II. iv. 12.vii. I. i. ^. .

"lower-case" are used to indicatetion.

this varia-

A

large flat-bottomed boat,

Chapter and section or IF Volume, part, and section or U Book, chapter, and section or H

or

H

3.

or ^ 6.

Thecal

difference observed inis in

regard to the

I. i.

$

or H

6.

capitalizing of the second element in zoologi-

Various abbre\-iations have been used in the credits to the quotations, as " No." for number, "st." for stanza, "p." for page, "1." for line,

and botanical terms

accordance with

Different grammatical phases of the

same

the existing usage in thein zoology, in

two sciences. Thus,

H

for paragraph. " fol." for folio.

The method

will

used in indicating the subdivisions of books be understood by reference to the following planSection only Chapter only

word are grouped under one head, and distinguished by the Roman numerals I., II., III., etc. This applies to transitive and intransitive uses of the same verb, to adjectives used also as nouns, to nouns used also as adjectives,to adverbs used also as prepositions or con-

a scientific name consisting of two words the second of which is derived from a proper name, only the first would be capiBut a name of similar derivation in talized. botany would have the second element alsocapitalized.

^5.xiv.xiv.ill.

junctions, etc.

The names of zoological and botanical classes,italicizing of certain or

The capitalizing andall

orders, families, genera, etc.,

have been

uni-

Canto only

Book only

words in a synon>nn-list indicates that the words so distinguished are discrimiof the

formly italicized, in accordance with the present usage of scientific writers.

Celticize

881;

oenatical

Oelticize,Kelticize(ser-, kel'ti-siz), v. t. pret. auii pp. CcUici::ed, Ktiticized, ppr. Celticlzing,Kcltici~ing. Celtic.l F. encensoir), plays, ami newspapers are examined by othcials, civil lu,,.,.., l io I.tians. ppr. censuring. 'r/ censntc,n.] T ),..,c. If. Tr, ly tlie Roman (.'atholic Church as early as 1515, and is still en f( irced so far as it^ autliority extends. In England thei-ewei-c "licensa geners'* of books, who were for the most part bishops eral system of censorsliip. established by a decree of the Star Chamber iTi 1037. remained in ficturarc, girdle, inclose as with a girdle, < cinctiira, OF. ceinturc, cinture, a girdle: see ccintnrc, cincture. By the confusion with center'^ (L. centrum), andfor other reasons, theword has suffered unusual changes of fonn. Cf. centering'".'] An arched frame on which the arch of a bridge or any vatdted work is supported dm'ing its construction: same as centering'^. Cj/nter or [read of] masunry [var. en;/nt of masonrye],

=

Centering, Waterloo Bridge, London.

A

A

A

A

A

A

figures in pei-spcctivc. Also called center of enllioeoti'ni and center of /o../.;v. Center of principal curvatcis of the maxininmor mini ture, of a surface, the o.sculating circb's at any iioint. Center Of projection, a point fi-oni which ai-e jirojecU'd right lines to every point of a tlgiire. arnl planes to every line of the figure.- Center of resistance, of a joint, the point where the resultant stress traverses the joint. Center of similarity or similitude, of two loci, a point from w hicli the radii vec^ucs to the two loci in the same direction are in a constant ratio the vertex of a cone of which two similar and siiinlaily jilaced figures are sections. Centerof spherical curvature, thccenterof theosimlaling sphere of a twisted curve. Center of stress cjr of preSStire, in any surface, the point where the resultant stress traverses the surface. -Center of symmetry, a point which bisecls the distance iM-twcen any two correspcuiding points of a llgui-e having tlu- requisite kind of symmetry. Center Of the harmonic mean. Sec Anr/znooc. Equation of the center. .Se ../ioiro//!. General center, the old name for that whii h is now called the renter o/ a enree. - Har-

centerpiece

cm

mum

intenited to be placed in the middle or center of something, as of a table, ceiling, or mantelshelf, or between other ornaments. He might have missed a centre-piece or a choice winecooler.Dicleens.

center-pin

(sen't(!'r-pin), .'

The pivot on whichwhich supCarSee body.

:

till" iiri'illo of a compass oscillates. center-plate (sen tir-plat), . One of a pair

of jilates, usuallyjiortJhiilder^>iI tret.

madeScc

of cast-iron,

a car-body on the centerof a truck.

-Body

center-plate./j/,-/,i.

Center-plate block..-1,

sisting of a small piece of steel with a hardened by a tackle at the after end, it is completely housed within [loint at one end, used for making an indentation, the boat, reducing her draft to that of the keel jirojier. such as to mark the centerof a hole to be drilled In England often called drop-keel. The center-board is monic center of the nth order. See hnmotnic. - a chanictciislic feature of the racing-craft of the rnited or a circle to be stnud(7/o- ^;-/" ,r 1 The Polish c:narius the center of a room; centlfolious (sen-ti-fo'Ii-us), u. [< or intended to be placed in ,.,iifiin f-oo rnin'i. a hundi-ed hundred- see (,t(iiw/.j iuoiuiiouv. entner, specifically, a parlor or drawing-room table tins (in fern, ccntifotia (se. rosa), a equal to 89.4 pounds avoirdupois, more likely to leafed rose), < centum, a hundred, + folium, for the student, and A hook centner (sent'ner), Ji. [=G. Dau. place on the library-shelf than the ceuire-taUe. Having a hundred leaves. Johnson. Sw. crutner = D. centenaar = Pol. find its a leaf.] Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 2if). centnar, < L. centenarius : see centools center-tools (sen'ter-tolz), V. pi The"f *^'' centigrade (sen'ti-gi'ad), a. [< F. centigrade = tenary.] 1. In metal, and assayused by bookbinders for the decoration ot the j^p ,.,i,ti(ir(ido = Pg. It. centigrado, < L. centum, ing, a weight divasible first into a centers of ornamented Sfiuares. hundred, + (p-adus, a degi-ee: see 'l. [NL., chondrosteous (kon-dros' te-us), ((. [< NL. eUondrosti us, < Gr. jdi'iV'Of, cartilage, -I- uuriov, neut.pl. otrliiindrojihoriis : si'C chondrojihorDns.] A section of decapod dibrauchiato I'cjihiilii/iodii, bone.] Having a cartilaginous skeleton, as a having the internal shell horny. Most living stiu'geon or other member of the I'hoiidrostei. cephalopods are of this character. The name Chondrosteus (kon-dros'te-us), n. [NL. (Agas^ri' elioiiilrdsteous.] A genus of fosis contrasted with Caleiphora. siz, l.'^-lil) ChondrophorOUS (kon-drof'o-rus), a. [< NL. sil sturgeon-like fishes, made the type of a seprhoiidrophiiriis, < (ir. voi'fS/ior, cartilage, + -ipupm;, arate f.ainily Chonilrosti idir. [NL. E. lieiir^.] Of or pertaining to the Chondrostoma (kon-dros 'to-mil), n. < tjiipup oTofia, (Agassiz, 1837), < Gr. x kaiisjaii, prove, test), = L. gustare, taste (> gust"), = j Gr. yeiFw for "jfiuoi', taste, = Skt. =MHG.OFries. liasa G. Icicsen-y/,. Seec}iops of

chajA, ., 1. The flUiiig of the

bowls by laying them

in water.

Bacim.

chop^ (chop), V. pret. and pp. chopped, ppr. chopping. [A var. of chap^ = cheap, v. (ef. 5IE. copetifhuy, < D. kvojieii, buy) see cheap, v., ami;:

cope^;'

ef. caiip'^.

From

the sense of

'

barter'

comes naturally the sense of 'exchange,' and hence turn but there seems to have been confusion of tliis word with choji^, q. v.] I, trans. 2. Toe.xchange; subIt. To barter; truck. stitute, as one thing for another swap.' ;

;

This is not to put Episcopacy.

down

Prelaty this is but to chop an Milton, Areopagitica, p. 37.;

We

go ou chopping and changing our friends.Sit-

R. L'Estranfre.

To chop

logic, to ilisiuite or argue in a sophistical manner ur with an alfectaliim of logical tenus or methods.

Though strong persuasion hung upon thy lip, Bedsteads are much more common than in Puraniya. Alas how chop/all'n now Blair, The Grave. The best are called Palang or Chhapar Khat ; they have curtains. C. Buchanan, Eastern India, iL chop-house (chop'hous), n. An eating-house where the serving of chops and steaks is made choppin, H. See chopin. chopping^t (chop'ing), p. a. [Ppr. of cJiop^, v. a specialty. The sense 'stout, plump,' arises from the old I lost my place at the chop-hottsc, where every man eats in publick a mess of broth, or chop of meat, in silence. sense 'strike.' Cf. a similar use of bouncing.'] Spectator. Stout; lusty; plump; bouncing. [CoUoq.] chopin, choppin (chop'in), n. [< ME. chopijn, How say you now, gossip. < OF. chopbic, a liquid measure; cf. chope, a Is 't not a c/toppiiifi girl? Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 5. beer-glass, < MD. sclioppc, schuppc, schocpe, a scoop, shovel, D. schop, a shovel, The fair and chopinny child. LG. schoFenton. pen, > G. schoppen, a scoop, a pint, chopin cf. chopping^ (chop'ing), p. a. [Ppr. of chop^, r. st7(o;:i/('H, empty: see 6tooj).] 1. Scotch liquid (see chopping'^-), in reference to the up and down measure now abolished, equal to 52.1017 cubic movement, but also associated with chop^, inches (half a Scotch pint), or about nine tenths change, vary.] Running in short, irregular, of a United States (old wine) quart. 2. An broken, and interrupted waves, such as those old English measure equal to hali' a pint. caused by the wind blowing in a direction opThey sold victuals by false measures, called chopyns in posite to that of a strong current, or by the

=

;

A

deceit of the poeple.

Nay, stand not chiippini/ logic ;

pray. Chapman, All Fools,in, I

Archives of the City of London, A. D. 1370, in Riley's [Memorials of London, p. 347.

i.

1.

A man must not presume to use his reason, unless he has studied the categories, aud can chop lorric by mode andfigure..Smollett,

Humphrey

Clinker.

H,

intrans. If.

To bargain:my

chaffer; higgle.

on which anything is placed to be chopped. chopping-knife (chop'ing-nif ), n. A knife, usudispute. 2t. To bandy words 4. A vessel, usually a canette or jug of stone- ally cm'ved and with a cross-handle, for minLet not the council at the bar chop with the judge. ware, holding about a chopin. cing meat anL.oto, hall. < r.v. lopor, chorus, choir, -Icocrfl.] 1. In anat: (a) A the hall or tions: see chord, In some Eiu'opean churches, (a) filament of nerve, (c) The notorehearse (ft) a space tendon, (i) room in which choir-boys genus of ohvechord. 2. leap.-] [NL.] liturgical behind the high altar where certain brown marine algffi, belonging to the family exercises are sung. slender, hollow, cylin,, , (and some- Laminariea: They have long, species. Chorda Jil>"< chord (kord), h. [Same word as cord drical fronds, which in the common formerly regularly, so spelled; but sometimes attain a length of 12 feet, with a diameter of a times, and now conven- nuarter of an inch. The sm-face is covered with a cortithe spelling chord, 'uttev the L., is sporansenses given cal layer of cuneate-clavate ceUs. Only unilocular and seationally preferred for the technical sometimes called catriat string of a ci'i -ire known They are the mochoid.- Chorda dorbelow) X L. chorda, < Gr. xop'^'/, the cau'dalis, string; 7c.'.- Chorda the vocal cords. musical instrument: see cordi.} 1. saUs, the notochord. - Chords Ferrenil, the Chordae tendinese, the tendinous cords fastened to and 2. The string of a musia cord. Specifically valves of the heart, free ed"e of the aiiricnloventricuiar cal instrument. loosely to the inner wall of the ventricles. attachi'iig them all the into the Love to.ik up the harp of Life, and smote "Locksley Hall. Thev prevent these valves from being driven back Tennyson, systole.- Chordae VOwith might. auri'des during the ventricular curt/ 1).- Chorda of Lysicrales. Athens. music, the simul- caaes, the vocal cords (which see, under Choragic Monument musical tone. 4. In transversa, the 3t spe- magna, the tendo Achillis.- Chorda the tubercle at the taneous sounding of three or more tones Lysicrates dating from oblkiue or round ligament running from tiful example, the raonunient of of three or more tones base of the coronoid process of the ulna to the radius a earliest authentic cifically, the somiding 33-^-i B. c. sinvives. and is one of tlie eommnn tuberosity. Chorda tympanl, examplcsoftlu- r.irinthian order. that are concordant with one another. Aand hfth. little below the bicipital seventh cranial its third the tympanic cord, a branch of the facial or (ko-ra'-, ko-re gas), H. ; pi. chord or triad consists of any tone with cavit.\\aiul joins t le choragus, choregus nerve, which traverses the tympaniclo-of, < ^upa, place, t^ricnoTrur, chord, cord^.'] name given by Haeckel to a bishop: see bishop.] One of a class of clergy, hypothetical worm which he supposed to have in rank between bishops proper and presbyters, been among the common parent-forms of ascid- introduced in the latter part of the third century to aid in the episcopal supervision of the couiiians aud vertebrates. Chordotonal (kor-do-to'nal), a. [< 6r. ^of"''/, try districts of enlarged dioceses. Roman Catholic chord, -f roi'of, tone, -o/.'] Kespousive to the antliorities hold that they were not bishops, Hit priists vibrations or tones of sound: applied to cer- intrusted with special power; while others regard tlieni as truly btshops. Uiou^b of inferior di.'nity and limitcil tain organs or parts of insects and spiders. anthcn-ity. It is pvol,al,lc that Ijotli thcsr views are histor;

-itis.] In patliol., inflammation of the choroid coat of the eye and the retina. Also called

+

choroidiiritinilis

and

retinochoroiclitis.

choripetalous,l(jp;,

A

+

These (sense-ovKans in the legs of spiciers) are thoujrUt to he uiialogous to the chordotonal organs of iiiseets. T. Gilt.

Chore^ (ehor), n. [Also written c/ionr and dial. chiiDi; formerly cheicre, a var. of chare, char : see char^, c/iartl.] A char, chare, or small job; a task; especially, a piece of minor domestic work, as about a house or barn, of regular or frequent recurrence: generally in the plural. [Now U. S.] Here's two chfivres chewr'd when Wisdom is employ'il,:

'Tis

ever

Beau, and Ft., Love's Cure, Meanwhile we did our niglitly chores, Brought in tlie wood from out of doors,tlius.

iii.

'2.

bot., having the petals unconnected equivalent to pohipetalous. choriphyllous (ko-ri-fil'us), a. [Irreg. < Gr. lj. folium, leaf.] In ,V(j/f, asunder, -F ipi'/.Aoi> bot., composed of separate leaves (j)etals and sepals): applied to a perianth. chorisepalOUS (ko-ri-sep ' a-lns), a. [In-eg. < Gr. jwp'c, asunder, NL. sepaluin, sepal.] In bot.. having the sepals distinct. chorisis (ko'ri-sis), 11. [NL., < Gr. .Tup'C'f, a separation, < jup/C'vi', seijarate, sever, < X"P'C, ically correct, but apply to dillVrcnt |ierio.ls. apart, asunder.] In bot., the midtiplication, choreus (ko-ro'us), .; pi. chorei (-i). [L., < Gr. by congenital clivision, of an organ which is xopuoc, pertaining to a dance or chorus, a meordinarily entire, it is usually restricted to the stater so called, < X"f>^i, a dance: see chorus.] In mens and carpels of the llower, and may be either colpros., same as trocliec. lateral, when the parts are side by side, as in the stamens of Dieentra, or, more rarely, transverse. Also called cho. Choria, n. Plural of chorion. choriamb (ko'ri-amb), n. [Also, as L., chori- fixation. chorisma (ko-riz'ma), 1!. ; pi. charismata (-maaiiiliii.t, < Ur. x"P''^f'$oi7 ^ Xopc'o^, choreus, + "< ia/j,1o^, iambus.] In auc. jiros., a foot of foiu- til). [NL., , pour, akin to E. gush : see alchemy.'] In Gi: arflui'iiK, a vase similar in form to the to dip the mixed oinochoe, but larger, used wine and water from the crater in order to fill the smaller pouring- vessels. 2. An ancient Attic measure of capacity, containing 12 cotyles or the twelfth part of a metretes, and eqtiivalent to 3.283 liters, or 2.8 quarts. The chous was the equivalent of the Komau conn.

O

gius. Daremhcrg et tiaglio; lieinach, Manuel de Philologie, 1883. chouse (chous), n. [Also spelled chiaus, chaiis (also chuKiii.t, after F. chiaoiix), repr. Turk. cha'ush, chiiiish, an interpreter, messenger, etc., < At. khamds (> Hind, khawtis, an attendant,

grandees, nobles), proj). pi. of A7(a. (.< In senses 2, 3, and 4, the noun is from the verb.] 1. Tui'kish interpreter, messenger, or attendant.etc., lit.

repr. letter sad), noble.

A

Dapper. What do you think of me, That I am a Chiause? Face. Wliafs that? Dapper. The Turk was here As one would say, do you think I am a Turk?

Accompanied with a cfiaiis of the court. The ch(untj riclily XpiinroiiaOtiu, desire of learning, a book of selecdecorated. Chow-chow cargo, an assorted cargo. Chow-chow chop, the l..t ufM nailer miscellaneous pack- tions (of 'thingsworth knowing'), < xP'/'^To/iafti/c, ages sent ofif in the last lighter iir cargo-boat to a vessel desirous of learning, < ,i7) X dtiuble sharp. X, or double flat, Ijlj. chromameter (kro-mam'e-ter), H. [< F. chromumetre, < (jr. ;(p(j//o, chroma, -I- f^irpov, measure: see mrter.~] An adjustable monochord invented at Paris in 1827 as a help to the tuning of pianofortes. Its scale was chromatic, whence its nnnie. chromascope (kro'ma-skop), >i. [Irreg. < Gr. Xpi'iua, color, 4- nKOT^i'iv, view.] An instrument for showing certain optical effects of color. -a(mati.:iiig. [< chromate -ize. Cf. Gr. xp'^f"'~'f measuring or computing time by regular divisions or allusion to L. tcinpiis, time, also temple of the ]ieriods, according to the revolutions of the sun or moon, head see tcinpU-, tcmporul-), + uoTtor, bone.] (/j) k special system by which such measurement is effected. The temporal bone, or os temporis, of human (() The science of ascertaining the true historical order 'if anatomy, morphologically considered to be past events and tlicirr-\act dates. ((?) A paiticnlar statement of the supposed proper order of certain jiast \eiits: comjiosed of a numlier of sejiarate and differas, tile cfiroiK'hifiii of tlic (treeks. Astronomical or ent bones. mathematical chronology, the astronomical jiart of:

It. I'vonoloyiu. < Gr. as if *xpoi>ii-Aoj/a, < /it)-nf, speak: < ^7)ocor, time,

=

=

Coues, Amer. Jour, otology, IV. 19.

+

chronology.

chronometernoiiicln-

=

(kro-nom'e-tcr), H. [= F. chroS|i. ci-uiidiiutro Pg. chroiiomctro It. cioiioiiielro, < Gr. XP"vof, time, + fiirpov, mea-

=

=

To begin with, the term "temporal bone" is obviously objectionable, as aiijilied to that group of bones called temporal. \A'e will substitute the single word e/(ro/io*(coH. . . . The chroiiu^lenti IS seen to unite the two great offices of auditory sense org;iii and suspelisorium of the f.acial segments. Cioo-.v, .\mi'r. .Tiiur. otology, IV. 18, 24.

flame effect. The result is that jo^s appeal- upon tlic line drawn l)y the pen at every serond, ami also e\ery time the key is touched; and the relative distances of these jogs, which can be accurately measured, give the time of the observation correct to a fiftieth of a second. The name chrotwijraph is also applied to various kinds of watches so contrived that when a button is pressed the second-hand stops, or one of two sccoinl-hands stops, or the second-hand leaves a dot of ink upon the dial.

3. An instrument for measuring a small interval of time. Tlie simplest instrument of this description consists of a tuning-fork carrying at the end of one of its jirongs a bit of ([Uill, which seratches a wavy line upon a inoVing piece of blackened pajier. At the beginning and at the end of the interval to be measured an induction-spark is made to pass throufjh the paper close to the marking-point. Two little dots are thus made, and the number of waves and fractions of a wa\r bet ween themgives the interval of time expressed in terms..f

ilic periori

of vittration of the fork as a unit. Boulenge's chronograph, an instrument by means of which a small interval of time is determined by measuring the space described by a falling body during the intei'val. It is the instrument tii'ist used fi,r obtaining initial velocities. Bashfortli's

clMi'iiiimMph

is ;ilso

Chronographerraphi/

(kro-nog'ra-fer), H.;

+

used for this purpose. [< chroiioff-

-eel.]

One who writes concerninga chronicler.Polyolhion,I'ref.

time or the events of timeOur monkish and succeedingSeidell,

chrotioiiraphcrs.

On Drayton's

Even Westminstei- had long ago had her chrtmorjrnpher. and far away in furthest Wales, Oeolfrey, the .Monniunth man, was making men open their eyes verv wide indeeilwitli tales.

sure.] 1. Anyinstnnnent chronothermometer (kron 6-ther-mom' e-ter), that measures time, or )i. [< Gr. .tpoj'or, time, -I- //(crmowc^f)'.] chrodivides time into equal nometer with an uncompensated or anti-comportions, or is used for jieii sated balance- wheel, used to show the mean that purpose, as a clock, temperatm-e. watch, or dial. 2. Spe- Chroocephalus, n. Same as Chro'icnccphahis. cifically, a time-kee]ier Chroococcaceae (kr6"o-ko-ka'se-e), II. j)l. [NL., of great accuracy de- < i'lirodrocciis + -((ceo'.] A family of blue-green signed to be used for de- algas, belonging to the order Cryptophyceoe. termining the longitude They are microscopic unicellular plants, spherical to cylindrical in shape, and solitary or united in families, often at sea, or for any other by means of an purpose where a very and saltwater. enveloping jelly. They occiu- in both fresh e.xaet measurement of ChrooCOCCUS (kro-o-kok'us), )(. [NL., < Gr. A'P'ia, time is required. The -I- KunKiii;, berry.] genus of alga), marine chrontmieter differs Xpoi". color. Clir< from the ordinary watch in typical of the Vhroikoccacetv, characterized by a, rt'. box jinrl lid; *, chronometer suspended ingilnbals; the principle of its escapeglobose, oval, or (from pressure) angular cells, c, chronometer-balance. ment, which is so constructed without a gelatinous envelop, and existing sinthat the balance is free from gly or in free families. They grow in moist the wheels during the greater part of its vilu-ation, and places. also in being fitted with a compensation adjustment, calculated to prevent the expansion and contraction of the chroolepoid (kro-ol'e-poid), a. {iGv-xpAa, xpoia, metal by the action of heat and cold from alfecting its color, + /f jr/f, scale, + fV-, form.] In licJicnol., movements. The balance-spring of the chronometer is [Rare.] heliciudal, that of the watch spiral. The pocket-chro- consisting of minute yellow scales. nometer does not differ in appearance from a watch, ex- chroopsia (kro-op'si-a), n. [NL., < Gr. xp^", cept that it is somewhat larger. Ximiii, color, -f- 6Yf, view.] Same as chroma3. An instrument intended to set the pace and lop.-iifl. rhythm for a piece of music; a mctrDiKniic. XP^C (xP"t-), the Solar chronometer, a sim-dial adapted to sllow solar chrotic (kro'tik), a. [< Gr. the skin. skin. + -(>.] Pertaining to time. chronometric, chronometrical (kron-o-mef- chrotta-t (krofii), .; pi. clirotta: (-). [ML.] All ancient musical instrument. See croird^ rik. -ri-kal), a. fhroiioiiit'trr + -ic, -k'al. Cf.

A

A

[oirf/fr( which supposed chemical 2. see, under noirrffc). principle, the chief constituent and active mediiiual principle of Goa powder.

+

A

of a bluish-green to sky-blue color, apparently produced from the decomposition of copper 2. Borax: ores, which it usually accompanies. so called in the sixteenth century because it (kris'o-ber-il), n. L. chrysobe- was used in soldering gold. [< chrysoberyl rijlhis'. < Gr. .vpi'f?')pf'''of, beryl with a tinge of chrysocoUet, Same as chrysocolla, 1. gold color, < ;rP''i"'r, gold, + ,ii/pv/2oi, beryl.] Xow, as with Gold growes in the self-same iline Amineralofa yellowish-green to emerald-green Much ClirysocoUe. and also Silver flne: color, sometimes red by transmitted light, an So supream Honor, and Wealth (matcht by none) Second the Wisdom of great Salomon. aluminate of glucinum. It is found in rolled pebSylvester, tr. of Du Bartass Weeks, ii., The Magnificence. in fine crystals (variety alexbles in Brazil and Ceylon andrite) in the Ural and in granite at Haddam, Connec- chrysocracy (kri-sok'ra-si), H. [< Gr. jj-ptwtif,The cocoa-plum, C. Icaco, is found throughspectively. out tropical America and in southern Florida. Its fruit is edible, resembling a plum, and is used as a preserve. The wood is heavy, hard, and strong.

are probably only two species, of .Africa and .\merica re-

;

;

in the I'nited States. It is next to the sapphire in hardness, and some varieties are employed in jewelry, the kind called cat's-nye, which preticut,

and elsewhere

gold,

-t-

-Kparia,

rile,

.

pomatous

brachiopods.

shovring the animal.

f

-

It is characterized by a short peduncle, passing through a

^t;L"i^^S,^o.ftr'lk foramenextremities of the labial anns.

of'^the ventral valve;

appendages, cun'ed baclnvard and with small temdnal spires directed downward valves subcircular or subovate and the shell-substance calcareous or homy. It is a group of about 6 genera, most of which are extinctfleshy

brachial;

;

disciple[< ME. disciple, desciph, disciple (di-si'pl). i.

Plural of disripUnarium.[< disci-

= eimlo = It.

= discepolo = AS.

=

disciplinarian (tUs i-pli-na'ri-au), ltiiiiird>t\it',

less batrachians, the tj^ie of the family Disroyhissidiv.

niednsans. thus becoming synonymous with the subclass or \\ itli fUscDiiliarn in one of its senses.

discomedusanl< Jliscoiiirdusiv

(dis'ko-me-dfi'san),

(/.

and

n.

+

-au.]

1. a.

Pertaining to or

discohexaster(dis"k()-iu'k-sas'ttr),d/ffraf,).

having the characters of the Discomedusa:Gr.tf,

[ Sp. deatemplado Pg. destemperado), pp. of distemperare, distemper : see distemperl, v., and cf. temperate, intemperate. \ 1.

=

[ It. ilisliii:ioiie

*distillatio(n-),

di-sldliiti(i(n-),

a dripiiing

9.

down,pp.til.]

ilislillatiis, ilcstilliitiis,

distilling, I'atai'rh, < distillnrc, dcstilliirc, drop down: see dis-

The intention was that the two armies which inarched out together should afterward be distinct. Clarendon, Great Rebellion. Not more distinct from harmony divine. The constant creaking of a country sign.Cowper, Conversation,Distinct as the billows, yet one as the sea.I. ft.

1.

The act

of distilling, or of falling iueiiiiy,

drops; a producing or shedding in drops.i.v It. distorccre, storcere, twist, untwist, Sp. dcstorcer Pg. destorcer, untwist, OF. destordrc, dcsteurtre, detordre, detortrv, F. distordre, distort), twist different ways, distorquerc, twist: see tort, tort, < dis-, apart, 1. torsion, and cf. eonturt, detort, extort, etc.](7(.s'hne.(.

=

=

=

XIL. ilislractare, frcq. of L. di.slrahere, pp. disIracliis (> OF. deslraier, distraer, destraher, F. Pg. Sp. distraer distraire Pr. distraire It. distraere, distraggere, distrarre, distrahir Sw. disDan. diMrahere straere, strarre trahera), draw asunder, pull in different directions, divide, perplex, < dis-, asunder, -f- Irahere, draw : see trace^ traet. Distraught is an old form of the adj. distract, q. v., and is not a part of the E. verb.] If. To draw apart; pull in different directions and separate ; divide. Shak. [Bare.] 2. To turn or draw away from any object ; divert from any point toward another point, or toward various other objects as, to distract a person's attention from his oc-

= =

=

=

=

=

+

cupation.If he cannot wholly avoid the eye of the observer, he hopes to distract it by a multiplicity of the object. South, Sermons.

a distinguished manner; eminently. Swift. distinguisher (dis-ting'gwish-er), . One who or that which distinguishes, or separates one thing from another by indicating or observingdifferences. If writers be just to the memory of Charles II., they cainiot deny him to have been an exact knower of mankind, and a perfect distinguUher of their talents. Dryden, King Arthur, Ded.

To

twist or wrest out of shape; alter the shape of change from the proper to an improper or unnatural shape represent by an image having a shape somewhat differeut from nature. At last this odious otTspring whom thou seest,; ;

Thine own begotten, breaking violent way. Tore through my entrails, that, with fear and pain Distorted, all my nether shape thus grewTiansform'd.Milton, P. L.,ii.

784.

To cause distraction in ; iliaw in different directions or toward differeut objects confuse by diverse or opposing considerations perplex; be'wilder: as, to distract the mind with cares. They are distracted as much in ojiiniou aa in will.3.; ;

Bacon, Political Fables,

i.,

Expl.

distinguishing (dis-ting'gwish-ing), p.

a.

Con-

stituting a difference or distinction; characteristic; peculiar. Innocence of life, and great ability, were the distinguuhhiri parts of his character. .Steele, Spectator, No. 109. Milton's chief Talent, and indeed his distinguishing Excellence, lies in the suldimity of liis Thoughts. Addison, Spectator, No. 279.

Looking along a hot poker or the boiler of a steamboat, we see oltjects beyond distorted: i. e., we no longer see each point in its true direction. P. G. Tait, Encyc. Brit., XIV. 683. The low light flung a queer, distorted shadow of him on T. Winlhrop, Cecil Dreeme, x. the wall.

A principle that is but half received does but distract, instead of guiding our behaviour. Steele, Tatler, No. 211.A thousand external details must vant, and only serving to distract server,lie

left

out as

irrele-

and mislead the obd. Caird.

Hence

Dlstln^lshlng pennant, a

flag used in signaling in a sqiuulron cif vt-sscl,*to indicate the special ship to wliich iimials are nia'l'.-."

2. To turn away or pervert; cause to give or to receive erroneous views or impressious; mislead; bias. Wrath and malice, envy and revenge do darken and disTillotson. tort the understandings of men.It

Multitudes were distracted by doubts, which they sought in vain to repress, and which they firmly believed to be Lecky, Rationalism, I. 72. the suggestions of the devil.

^tinguishingly ^is-ting'gwish-ing-li), adv. ' i; with some mark of preferWith "distinction; wience ; markedly. Some call me a Tory, because

views the truth with a distorted eye.either warps or laysit

And

useless by.1.

We3.

all

admit that passion//.

Covper, Conversation, distorts judgment.

669.

the heads of that p.arty Pupe. have been distinguishinglit favourable to me.

Spencer, Social Statics, p. 196.;

4. To disorder the reason of ; derange; render frantic or mad. poverty hath distracted her, A poor mad soul, Sliak., 2 Hen. IV ii. 1. Let me not see thee more ; something is done That will distract me, that will make me mad. Beau, ami Fl., Philaster, iii. 1. If I behold thee..

distinguishmentt (dis-ting'gwish-ment), n. [< Distinction; observa-mcnt.'] distiiiyuitfh

+

true meaning pervert the truth regarding; misrepresent.

To -wrest from the. . .

Time mayIlath

many

restore their wits, years distracted.

whom

vain ambitionv. 2.

Ford, I'erkin Warbeck,

tion of difference. And mannerly distijiguishment leave out Betwixt the prince and beggar Shak., W.I

distorted, magnified. Grievances Coloured by quarrel into calumny. Browning, Ring and Book,

I. 72.

distractt (dis-trakf), a. [< ME. distract (after the L.), also distrauht, mod. distraught (after E.

T.,

ii.

1.

To misapply, misuse. title.'] [< dis- priv. distitlet (dis-ti'tl), I'. /. see (dis-torf), a. [< L. distortus, pp. To deprive of title or claim to somethiug. distortt the verb.] Twisted out of .shape distorted. [Rare.] Her face was ugly and her mouth distort. That were the next way to dis-lille myself of honour. Spen-ter, F. IJ., V. xii. :i6.

Distorted crystal Seetort,

+

deform, liend.

3.

crystal. =%yd.. 1

and

2.

To con:

forms

;

like taught, etc.), also destrat, destret, after OF. destrait, F. distrait, < L. di.itractus, distracted, perplexed, pp. of distraherc, draw asunder, perplex, etc.: see distract, v.] Distracted; frantic; deranged: same as distraught.

Thou

Shalt ben so destrat by aspre thinges.

B. Janson, Cynthia's Revels, iv.

1.

Distoma

With this she fell distract. [NL., < Gr. iiaTo/io^, manner crookedly. (dis'to-ma), n. And, her attendants absent, swallow'd fire. aru/ia, mouth.] 1. two-mouthed, i licated Itrancliwresting the change of the shajic of a body by twisting or the intestine is branched and ev, etc. Such forms are really examples of assimilation, as an intermediate stage between an earlier ojieii form with different vowels and the later contracted form::

seize and hold in satisfaction of a deor claim, or in order to compel the performance of an obligation; seize under judicial process or authority : said of any movable property, or of goods and chattels. See distringas(6)

To

mand

an error Into which bad men may naturally be dijitressed. For It is impossible to hid defiance to final ruin without some refuge In imagination, some presumption of escape. Yoniiy, Night Tbouuhts, vii., Pref.

Men who canfice of

neither be distrcs.scd or

won

into a sacri-

duty...\bnl

Hamilton.

and

distress.

as, (1) bpooj, (2) opouj,

(;i)

6pu>.

infrans. To make seizin'e of goods in satisfaction of a claim, or in order to compel the performance of an obligation. The earl answered, I will not lend money to my siiperlour, upon whom I cannot distrain for the debt. Camden, Remains. For neglecting to do suit to the lord's court, or otlier certain personal service, the lord may distrain of eommoii

II.

Hassan now abandoned all hope of carrying the place by assault, and attempted to distress it into terms by turning the channel of the river which runs by its walls. Irviny, Granada, p. 44.

Muley

2. To afflict -with pain, physical or mental oppress or crush with suffering, misfortune, or calamity; make miserable. Whan the kyiige Belynans com to the batalle as was;

grete nede to the kynge Brangorc, and to the kynge Caralios, ffor thel were so distrnssed that thei were enen atflight.

9. In P)'e.ncli-Cu nadiii n law. the divesting of the right to costs from the client or otlii-r jiersou presuinptively or ordinarily entitled, anil the declaration of it to belong to tin- .ittoruey, guardian, or other person equitably entitled.

right.

Blnck-.'itom\ Com., III. complainant who sought to distrain went tlirough all the acts and words required by the law with the most rigorous aeciu'acy, he In his turn Incurredi.

Merlin

(E. E. T. S.),

li.

249.

I'nless the

We

are troubled on every side, yet not distressed. 2 Cor.

iv.

a

.

.

.

WhatIs,

a variety of penalties.

Maine, Early Hist, of Institutions,

p. 273.

us or disfress'd with our anger and the dead, at rest. Vrabbe, Works,in theb- tempcl'S teased

II.

26

distressdistrain. See disIraiii, !. =SJT1. 2. Trouble, Harats, etc. See apiicl. [< ME. distrcsse, desdistress lilis-trcs'). tretO'C, < OF. tlcstrcsse, destrecc, dextrcscc, dcatrccltc, dcilraiclie, F. dctresse Pr. destrensa, dcstrcchu, coustraiut, distress; from the verb.3. In law, to seize for;

1697distressingly (dis-tres'ing-li), adv.tressing manner. distrest, j>. a. See distressed.

distributionalIn a disSit quiet in the soft showers of Providence, ami favourable (^i^fn'&utien^ in this world, eitlier to thyself or others. Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., iii. 5.

debt

=

distreynet,tiitni.

v.

A

Middle English form of

dis-

Our charitable3.

(fi'^fntwfions.

/>;>.

Atierbury.

The act or process of separating and arrang-

Hence, by apheresis,

stress, n., q. v.]

If.

Con-

distributable (dis-trib'u-ta-bl), a. [< distribute + -oft/c] Capable of beiilg distributed avail;

straint; restraint; forcible control ; oppression. This olus, witll hai'de priice,lleKl the wyiules in dustresse, Ctiaucer, liuuse of

able for distribution. I-ct them melt up their eagles, and add thedistributable fund.

ni.ass

to the1.

Jefferson, Correspondence, yLE troiiblen. trouble: -a/.] In Tennessee it is called a In gram see disturb ajid cinl district ; in Kentuck}-, a of or pertaining to a distributive ; of the nature militia district; in JIai-jland,justice's district ; in Georgia, a trouble.] To disturb; trouble greatly. an election district of a distributive. In other >tates these divisions are called towns or Mychel they [nettles, thorns, etc.] distourUede townships In come distributive (dis-trib'u-tiv), a. and n. [= lonial and provmcial Massachusetts the i or sore I drad to harmed be. district was a part Hum. of the Rose, L 1713. distributif Pr. distributiu Sp. Pg. It. dis- set off from a to-n and made independent of it in respect That was a thynge that gretly hem distrubUd to local administration, but not in in her tnbutifo, < LL. distributiviis (in grammatical lesentative to the tieneral Court. respect to choosing a ren- armyuge, and therynne thei caught grete damage In the Methodist Epi^^ sense), < L. distributus, pp. of distribuere, dis- copal Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 154. Lhurch the district is a territorial subdivision of a tnbute: see distribute.-\ I. a. 1. That distrib- coriference, comprising a number Her former sorrow into sudein wrath of churches and societies (Both coosen passions of distroubted uiider the charge of a presiding elder. utes dividing and assigning in portions : spright) A maitan, district dealConverting. Spenser, F. Q., lU. iv. 12. ing to each his proper share. " '^'"S'on of a militar)- territorial depart.Sf 'Sl'^/5 ment. The federal territory containing the national capi- distroublef, n. [ME., < A>froMW, v.] Trouble! The other part of justice is commonly called dUtributive tal IS called the District of Columbia. Abbreviated dist. and IS commanded in this rule, " Render to all their niorowe to euen that no distrouble thei dues. Even the decrees of general conncUs bind not but as npA!''i'i'"','^n.i'' ne hadde till thei com to Roestok. thev Jer. Taylor, Holy Living, iii., Pref. are accepted by the several churches in their respective disMerlin (E. E. T. S. ), iiL 545. The plain foundations of a dielribuiive justice and due trKts and dioceses, of which I ain to give an account in the order in this world, may lead us to conceive a foUowmg periods, ./er. Taj/for, Diss, fi-om Popery- I u distrust (dis-trusf), n. [< dis- -t- trust, n.] further 1 building. Shaftesbury, in Fowlers Shaftesbury and Absence of trust; doubt or suspicion; want 1 region 2 general; a territory within defiof [Huteheson, p. ill. confidence, faith, or reliance : as, to listen nite or indefinite limits : as, the district with Specifically 2. In logic, showing that a stateof the distrust; to look upon a project with distrust. ment refers to each individual of a class sepa- earth which lies between the tropics, or that Therefore to the ende that thou shall not which IS north of a polar circle ike district.i bee in anr rately, and not to these individuals as ; ot mannier distrusle, it is God that is the makin" Eussia covered by maker of this vnforest.-District attorney an ""^''up the whole class. The distributive acceptation oi officer J. Vdatl, On Luke L appointed to act as attorney for the it, ,,; Wnr .'.nv sucli an adjective as aU is that in which So IS swearing an affect ot distrust, whatever is said ernment within a specified district.and want of faith or of all IS said of each: opposed to collective District confprhonesty, on one or both sides. acceptation which something is said of the whole which is not true euce, &eecon/erence, 2.-District J^'orfoUta: Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1S35), I. ited jurisdiction having coKnizai.cc ,.i causU with n a du 208. of the parts. Thus, in the sentence "All the planets are tnct defined by law. -District court seven, the all is collective; in the sentence "All JJe self-accusations of such a man are to be received tfe court martial, under cr(.theplanets ith some distrust, not of his sincerity, but District SChSol a puiEilic ot revolve round the sun," it is distributive. of his sober free school for the inhabitants of judgment. a spittej distric Southey, Bunyan, p. Ii 3. Expressing separation or division : as, a disdistrict, a title used in a few tributtre prefix: specifically, in gram., used ^thet?S',*^ collectively known as London,instances ias ,?"'. ^^"a '^^'^^Ption 'ead more surely to distrust of men mtlie territory tnan self-deception to suspicion of principles. to in England denote the persons or things that constitute a " '''' f country,' including a Loicell, Study Windows, h f chief '>'".?"/'"il'' p. 151. pair or number, as considered separately and ment city, defined by statute for the purposes of govern and municipal regulation, such as f5r supervHon 2. Discredit ; loss of credit or confidence singly: as, a distributitepTonona; adistribiitire respect to fires, health, P"lice, ete.-Mining tUstrict a To me reproach _ ., , numeral. Tho tastribative pronouns in English are each "^ miners organized afterXTlan wh"h, Kather belongs, distrust, and all dispraise. i,^ every, either neither. of mining in the westernmost part The distributive numerals in Latin fhe'flTf"' of the Milton, P. L., xi. 166. nited s?Ti"^ are singvli, ono by one, one each bini, by twos, two each ..'*,*tam, 'diptame, dictam, diciamc, F. dicIt. Sp. Pg. dictamo Pr. diplamni tamc MHG. dictam, < L. dwD. diptam dittamo tamnus, dictamnum (ML. also variously dictamus, diptammts, diptamiis, diptanmis, dictannum, diptamium, ditanii.s, diptanm, etc.), < Gr. dittany, SiKTa/ivoc, also SiKrafivov and SiKiapov, on a plant -which grew, among other places, Mount Dicte {Mnni) in Crete, whence, as popu1. larly supposed, its name: see Dwtamniis.] A common name in England for the plant Dic-

=

=

= =

=

The shortest staffe conteineth not viider fonre verses, nor the longest aboue ten if it passe that number it is rather a whole ditty then properly a stjitfe. I'ultenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 54. that warble little nimble musicians of the air,;

Those

forth their curious ditties./.

, Walton, Complete Angler,..

.

,

p. 26.

.,

another retreat, The blackbird has Where the hazel affords him a si:reen from the heat,fled to

4nd the scene, where his meloily charmed inc before, Kesounds with his sweet-flowing ditty no more.Cinrper, Poplar rlelii.

2t.

The words of a song, as opposedMn.

to the tune

tamnus albits. Dklame IK The herb DMantl,

Dittander. garden Oin1 Dittany of CanDietriiiu' ./. Cundic: Dittany, and eer Cotgvave. dia; the right Dittan.ler. when his chariot last Now ciist, Its beams against the zodiac-lion There blossom'd suddenly a magic bed . Of sacred ditamy, and popples red. Keats, Kndymion, 1. B55.

or music. The dittie, or matter of a song.praecentio,

Canticum, Pf'ocha, "o"'- Alvearlc, 1580. no great matter in the . a. [Pp. of diversi-

there in this diversity no contrariety. Hooker, Eccies. Politv. Strange and several noises Of roaring, shrieking, howling, jingling chains And more di versity of sounds. Shak. Tempest, v. 1.is. ,

diverticle (di-ver'ti-kl),

Distinguished by various forms, or by a variety of objects: as, diversified scenery; a diversified landscape; diversified mdustry diversiflorous (di-ver-si-flo'rus), a. [= F dircrs,fiore, E. fluiver.] In bot., bearing flowers of two or more sorts. diversifolious (di-ver-si-fo'li-us), a. [< NL divcrsijolius; < L. diversiis, various, + folium, leaf + -oils.'] In bot., having leaves differing in form or color, etc. diversiform (di-ver'si-f6rm), a. [= F Sp diversifijrmc, < L. diversiis, various, -Iforma shape.] Of a different form of various forms.Jij, i-.J;

2. That in which two or more things differ; a difference ; a distinction : as, diversities of opinion. Sf. Variegation; diversification.Blushing in bright diversities of day. Pope, Moral Essays, iv. S4. ^ person, in lio/w of plants. It is also often used as sutwrdinate to clu^i. as the pohiwlalous, apetalous. etc., di rig ions of dicotyledonous plants. By some authors it has been used to designate a grade between tribe and order.

A

A

6. The state of being divided in sentiment or interest ; disunion ; discord ; variance ; difference. There was a division among the people. John viL 43.Betwixt these twoDivision smoulders hidden.

Tennyson, Princess,

iii.

Earth, these solid stars, this weight of bodv and limb. Are they not sign and symbol of thy divixion from Him? Tennysmx, The Higher Pantheism.

7. In music, a rapid

and

florid:

melodic passage

or phrase, usually intended to be sung at one breath to a single syllable so called because originally conceived as the elaboration of a phrase of long tones by the division of each

creasing the truncated remnant by 1, a number is obtained called the cuiTent multiplier. The last figure of the multiplied dividend is now struck off, multiplied bv the current multiplier, and the product added to the truncated di\idend. The sum is treated as a new dividend ; and this process is continued until the dividends begin to repeat themselves. The successive figures struck off from the dividend from last to first are now written down from left to right as a whole number, and subtracted from the circulating part of the same figures repeated indefinitely into the decimal places. The remainder, after shifting the decimal point as many places to the left as there were zeros struck off from the divisor akiiii; with the 9, is the quotient sought. Division by circulating decimals, a method of dinding by means of a table of ciivulatini; decimals. Division by factors, the process of dividin,' successivelv by factors of the divisor.- Division by logarithms, a method of diri.iing based on the fact that the logarithm of the quotient is the logarithm of the dividend diminished by the logarithm of the divisor. Division Of a ratio, the reduction of a prop:>rtion from a : b = c d to b - a :a = d c Division of labor, in pdit. econ., the dividing up of a process or an employment into particular parts, so that each person employed can devote himself wholly to one section of the process. Division Of the question, in a legislative body, the division of a complex proposition or motion into distinct propositions, in order that each may be considered and voted upon separately a course resorted to, upon motion or demand, when any of the members favor parts but not the whole of the measure. The presiding officer usually has the power of deciding whether such division is admissible. Division vloL See r/'./. General of division. See 'jeneral, n. Golden division*, arithmetical division not complementary.- Harmonic division of a line. See hannonic. Iron division ^ame as complementary division. Logical division, any division not a partition, being either a nominal, substantial, or accidental division. Long division, the common modem methml of arithmetical division when the divisor is a ntimi>er larger than 10. The greatest number of times that the divisor is containetl in the first figures of the dividend, beginning with the left (a sufficient number being taken to make a number greater than the divisor), is set doHTi to the right of the dividend, as the first figure of the quotient ; the divisor is then multiplied by this quotient, and the product is subtractetl from the left-hand part of the dividend; to the remainder the next figure to the right in the dividend is then annexed, anil the number thus formed is treated as a new dividend and so on. The same method is extended in algebra to the division of polj-nomials in general. Tlie rule is of Italian origin. See scratch dirision. Nominal division, an enumeration of the different senses of an e G. (chiefly dial.) dusilig, divcllcrc, tear asunder: see divcl^.] liiisclig, ttiisrlicht, diixlig, du.'^lielit. giddttssclig, -jve.] divorcive (di-v6r'siv), a. [< divorce or tear apart or away ; rend. Having power to divorce. dy; with sulTix -lie, LG. -lig, G. -licli, ]>nrlly acVaines, svncwes, arteries, why crack yec not ? dimil'st with anguish of my griefe. com. ill LG. and (i. to -ig (as if < 'du.irl + -ig), Hurst ami All the divorcive engines in lieaven and earth. Marslon, Antonio and Mellida, I,, i, 1. Milton, Divorce, i. 8. whence the later noun, LG. dit.tcl, > G. rf,s'e/, dti.iscl, giddiness, vertigo (> MD. dui/selcn, D. divot (div'ot), It. [Sc. and North. E., also writ- di'vulsion (di-vtil'shon), n. [= V. divultion duizclen LG. diisclii, dusscin, > 6. duselti, It. di'iiulsionc, < L. divulsiofji-), a ten divet, and diffat and iu different form do- Pg. diviiUdo

+

;

+

+

+

A

= =

=

+

=

=

+

=

=

=

dizzybe giddy), < *dus, *diis (prob. connected with MHG. tore, tor, 6. thor, tor, a fool), which may be regarded as a contr. of "dwas, AS. dwws = MD. dwaes, D. dwaas, foolish. The Dan. dosig, drowsy, belongs rather to the rootdusseln,

1710as a suffix to form the pret. of verbs then formed, became reduced in Goth, to -da, in AS. to -de, in E. to -d, usually treated as -ed, with the preceding stera-vowel see -erfl) (e) pp. done, < ME. don, doon, or i-don, y-don, often without the suffix do, doo, i-do, y-do, < AS. gedon OS. don, duan, dan OFries. den, dan D. gedaan MLG. geddn, LG. daan OHG. tan, MHG. getan, G. getan, gethan; (d) ppr. doing, < ME. doinge, earlier doende, doande,lain

;

;

sufflcient for: satisfy: as, this piece of timber will do/or the corner post ; a trusty stick will do/or a weapon ; very

for, to suit for

serve as

answer the purpose of ; be

the future.

(d) To freshen, as a room with paint, paper, anil upholstery, or a garment by remodeling.

\n

old black coat which

I

have had done, up, and smartcollar.

ened with metal buttons and a velvet:

Shelley, in

Dowden,

I.

389.

while the principal verb is in tlie infinitive without to, and originally and strictlv the oliiect of do: thus, 1 do know is I knowing, nerform an act of knowing. Compare shall and performiary,

III. itiixilidn/

and

substitute.

1.

As an

.

auxil-

do

is iiilioctcd,

food will do/or me. Of course, it is a great pleasure to nie to sit and talk with Mrs. Benson, while you and that pretty girl walk up and down the piazza all the evening but I'm easily satiafled, and two evenings i(!(/.^or me. C. I>. Warner, Their Pllgri,mage, p. 63.;

as, a laundress who does () To iron, or starch and iron up muslins well. TO dO With, (n) To effect or acconi-

will.

through employment or disposal of: as, I don't to do with myself, or with my leisure. There dwellen godo folk and reaonable, and manye Cristenc men anionges hem, that ben so riche, that thei wyte not what to dime with hire Gotles.plish

O

blessed

Bond

!

O happy Marriage

!

Which

know what

doost the match 'twlxt Christ and vs presage Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i.

!

.

The youth did ride, and soon did meet Coie/wr, John John coming back amain.

do^t. An old English form of done, past participle of (?()!. With thy Rysth kne lette hit be do. Thy worshyp thou nniyst sane so. ^''"'' """* ( "- T. S.), p. 13.^^^4 (^\^^^ .

Gilpin.

Mandeville,

Travels, p. 300.

What(b)

will

He Do

xvith It? [title of

a book].;

Bulwer.:

To have concern or business with:

withTo

as,

have What have Itodo with you ?

deal with get on I can do nothing with this obstinate felloM-. to do with, to have concern or connection with.

Certain uses of do as an auxiliary, with both transitiv and intransitive verbs, may be pointed out. (a) In formas, do you ing interrogative and negative expressions want this book? I do not long for it does he do his work well ? ho dues not do it as well as I expected.:;

You seemsidering that(6)

2 Sam.

xvl. 10.

to marvel I do not marry all this while, conI am past tho Meridian of my Age. Howell, Letters, I. vi. 60.

All things arc naked and opened unto the eyes of him Heb. iv. 13. with wlumi we have to do.I

vow, Amintor,

I

will

never

eat.

Or drink, or sleep, or have to do ivith that That may preserve life. Beau, and PL, Maid's Tragedy, v. 4. Danqle. Wliat has a woman to do with politics, Mrs. Dangle V , ^ Mrs. Danqle. Alul what hare you to do with the theatre, Sheridan, The Critic, i. 1. Mr. Dangle'? What's to do here? what is the matter here? what Isall this about'?

Whafa

to

do here, Thomas Tapster ?

Let's

withdraw.'2.

Shak., M. forM.,1.

tone of the scale, without reference to the In teaching sight-singilig by the help of s.d(n) theyiwrf-rfo niizatiiui, two general methods are in use (c) To method, in which do is always applied to tones bearing Si.inedid see him do be quick do not (i/ioi'O do that. (J) are key-notes or not; and thclctter-nainc C. whether they for times (now chlelly in poetry, where it is often used {h) tho iiioeohb'.do nutliod, in which do U always applied merely metrical reasims, but formerly often in prose) lu llu- kc.vn.rte. whatever be its letter-name. The second principal verb, with no other merely as an Intlection of the metboil is generallv regarded as the more BCientlfie. and had the etfectIs far the more iiractical, although the first has support of many excellent musichina. A fair smooth Front, free from least Wrinkle, rfo twinkle. Her Eyes (on me) like Stars abbreviation of lUllo. ' do. Howell, Lettcl-8, I. v. 21. doab' (dc.lO, II. [h: doh. jiluster, gutter, mire; Greeks and Jews, together with the Turks, dm- inlialiit dark sandy clay ildlmim, I plaster, daub.] the towne, and ore admitted their churches and synafound in the neighborhood of many bogs in IreSandys, Travailes, p. '21. gogues.itedt E. dou- LL. docibilita(t-)s, < docibiUs, docible: see rfoeiblc.] Teachableness; docility. [Rare or obbloon, q. v.]+gold coin, equalto 12,800 reis, or+Itwasdoable,itwas donefor others.Carljilc, Misc.,IV. 316.do-all (do'al), H. [< fZol, '., -t- obj. rj??.] A servant, an official, or a dependent who does all Fuller. sorts of work a factotum. doandt, A Middle English form of the present;To persons of docibility, the real character may be easily Boyle, Works, Xl. 446. about $14, for- taught in a few days. merly current in docible (dos'i-bl), a. [< OF. docible = It. dociPortugal, but now hile, < LL. docibilis, that learns easily, teachtaken only at a able, < L. docere, teach: see docile.] 1. Docile; tractable; ready to be taught; easily taught or valuation. dobson (dob'son), managed. [Rare or obsolete.][Origin obTheir Camels also are docible ; they will more bee perscm'e.] The larva swaded to hold on a iourney further then ordiuarie by blowes. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 557. of various songs then of one They shall be able to speak little to the purpose, so as species of neuto satisfy sober, humble, docible persons, who have not ropterous insects of the family Sialida; espe- passionately espoused an errour. Bp. Bull, Sermons, vL cially of the genus Corijdalus (which see). Also 2. That may be imparted by teaching; comcalled hellqrainniite, clipper, and crawler. municable. [Rare.] dobule (dob'iil), n. [< NL. dobula ; origin obMliom hath made docile, it scure.] name of a fresh-water cyprinoid hibit him naturelearning anything that is injurious to profrom is docible. fish, Leuciscus dobula (or vulgaris), allied to the Bp. Hackct. roach and dace. docibleness (dos'i-bl-nes), n. Teachableness; docedt, " An erroneous form of doucet, 2. doeiUty. [Rare or obsolete.] docent (do'sent), a. and n. [= D. G. Dan. Sw. I might enlarge myself in the commendation of Huntdocciit, a university teacher, < L. rfoceH(/-)s, ppr. ing, and of the noble Hound especially, as also of the dficioi docere, teach: see docile.'] I.f a. Teaching. bleness of dogs. I. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 31.II.Dobranf John v.. King of Portugal. 1732. British Museum. (Size of the original.participle of diA.doat, doating,etc.;Seedotc^-, etc.dob (dob), II. [Sc. origm obscure.] A Scotch name of the razor-fish, a bivalve, .Soleii ensis.dobbeldalerdouble(dob'el-ilii-ler), .dollar.~\A[Dan., E. coin formerly current inSI. 12.=ANorway and Denmark, and worth aboutdobbin(dob'iu), .[A familiar use of the Dobbin, which is a dim. of Dob or Dobb (now more frequently in the patronymic form Dobbins, Dobbs), these beingproper personalnamevariations of liobin. Bob, diminutives of Robert. The World stands in .\dmiration of the Capacity and The church here is taken for the church as it is docent Cf. dichij'^, an ass, similarly derived from a dim. Docibleness of the English. Howell, Letters, iv. 47. and regent, as it teaches and governs. Abp. Laud, Against Fisher, xxxiii. of Ricliard.l common English name for a docile (dos'il or do'sil), a. [Formerly also dowork-horse. [As a quasi-proper name it is II. n. See privaf-docent. cil; F. docile Sp. docil Pg. docil It. often written with a capital letter.] Docetae (do-se'te), . j^ [LL., < 6r. Ao/tTrai, < docile, < L. docilis, easily taught, teachable, < Thou h.ast got more hair on thy cliin than Dobhiti my doKeiv, seem.] sect of heretics of the first and f/oecre, teach. Ct. didactic.] 1 Teachable ; easiShak., M. of V., ii. phill-horse has on liis tail. second centuries who denied the human origin ly taught ; quick to learn amenable. The hard-featured farmer reins up his t'rateful dobhin of Christ's body, some holding that it was a Dogs soon grow accustomed to whatever they are taught, to inquire what you are doing. Thoreau, Walden, p. 171. mere phantom, and others that it was real but and being docile and tractable, are very useful. //. Elliii, N'oyage to Hudson's Bay. of celestial substance. Thus they believed the in(dob'i), n. pi. dobbies (-iz). [Se. also dobby carnation, crucifixion, and resurrection of Christ to have 2. Tractable easily managed or handled. dobbie; dim. of Dob, Dobb, like Hob, var. of Itob, been mere appearances or illusions. Strictly this name abbr. of Robert; a familiar use of the proper seems to have belonged to a single sect of the second cenThe ores are docile ami contain ruby-silver and sub-sulL. Hamilton, ilex. Handbook, p. 95. phides. name. Cf. dobbin.'i 1. fool; a childish old tury, but it is commonly used iiulifferentlyor collectively man. 3. sprite or apparition. Grose, [Prov. of the various Gnostic sects which held similar views on The different ores of the Rayo Mine are docile in theirA===.=A!.;;;AAEng.] He needed notdtibbie.[= F. docilite S-p. doOf, docility (do-sil'i-ti), n. cilidad =:J^g. docitidade It. docilitd, docilitade, 3. Same as doiby-maehine. docilitate, < L. docilita{t-)s, teachableness, < doTaylor's loom does not appear to have come into use, The qualcilis, teachable, docile: see docile.] -ism.'] (do-se'tizm), n. [< Docetce but a small Jacquard machine, or dobbi/, was introduced Docetism ity of being docile; teachableness; readiness The doctrinal system of the Doceta;. in the silli trade in 1830 by Mr. S. Dean, of .Spitalflelds. or aptness to learn ; traetableness. A. Barlow, Weaving, p. 270. Docetce -ist.] One (do-se'tist), n.Scott,to care for ghaist or barghaisl, devil orthis point. Certain Monophysites afterward taught a doctrine as to Christ's body related to that of the Docetae. gee Aphthartodi'cctce, Pliantasiast.reduction, undergoing thejirncess.Quotedincommon Spanish amalgamation Howry's Arizona and Sonora, p. 148.Rob Roy,xiv.Docetic(do-set'ik), a.[< Docetce+-!C.]pertaining to, or held by the Doeetse: as, cetic gnosticism," Plumptre."Do-^=+Docetist[ the mfinbraiie (which see, under membrane). space contained in a handbreadth, < dixcodat, dobla (do'bla), . [OSp. (= Pg. dobra), fem. receive.] .An ancient Greek measure of length: of doblo, no\v doble, F. double, > E. double, q. v.] A gold coin formerly used In Spain. The same as palwste. See palm. [< Gr. Soxi^iaearliest coins so called are Moorish dinars, coined by the dochmiac (dok'mi-ak), a. and n. Almohade dynasty, and distinguished from the earlier di- k6c,(. dox/J'oc: see doehmius.] I. a. In aiic. Gr. nars l)y having the full weight of a mithcal, while the finepros. (a) Having or characterized by a differness was reduced so that they should be of the same value. ence of more than one between the number of As coined by John II. of Castile in 1442, there were 49 to times or mone in the thesis and that in the the mark (230.04 grams), of a fineness of 10 carats, making the value $2.47. arsis: as, a doelimiac foot; dochmiac rhythm, (fc) Consisting of dochmii: as, a rfoc/im/nc verse, doblet, a. An obsolete form of double. trimeter, strophe Dochmlac rhythm, i^eerhiithm. doblert, . An obsolete form of douhler. II. H. Inane, f/f.jiros., a verso or series comdoblett, An obsolete form of douhlet. dobra (do'brii). n. [Pg., a coin (see def.), also posed of dochmii. doehmius (dok'mi-us), )!. pi. dochmii (-i). [L., a fold, plait, doulit. across, athwart, < Gr. ioxjnoq, sc. ':7-oi'f, foot ble, fem. of d'ibro aslant.] 1. In anc. Gr. pros., a foot consisting Sp. doble F.AThe humble docility of little children is. in the New Testament, represented as a necessary preparative to the reception of the Cliristian faith.Beattie,Moral Science,I. ii. 5.+docimacy (dos'i-ma-si),ing of docimasy.n.A less correct spelln.;Docimastes (dos-i-mas'tez),SoKi/iaaT^;, ioKifiaari'/p,ihKifja(tiv,[NL. (Gould,...1850), also Docimaster (Bonaparte, 1850), < Gr.=,Aan assayer, examiner, < genus of assay, test, examine.] humming-birds, notable for the enormous length of the beak, which may exceed that of D. ensiferus is the only all the rest of the bird. species. The bill is from 3 to 4 inches long, the whole bii-d being from 7i to S^ inches. The bill is used to probeA=:;;==double, > E. double, q. v.] gold coin formerly c urrent in Portugal,Afirstissuedv.,Itsl)yJohntury.in tliecenvalue varied the .specimen here illus:eighteenth= w ) of five sylin its fundamental form (-lables, the first and fourtli of which are short, and the second, third, and fifth long. 2. [cap.] [NL.] In :o6l., a genus of nematoid worms, of the family Strongylida. D. duodenalis is an intestinal parasite from whii-h a large part of the population of Egypt suffer, often fatally. By means of its large, hard,dentate mouth it pierces the intestinal mucous membrane and sucks the blood, the repeated bleedings thus caused resldting in what is known as Egyptian chlorosis. This formidable parasite is about four tenths of an inchanilSword-bearing Hummitif-bird [Docimastes ensiferus).tratedwas worth9id., or3lis.Another species, D. trifionocephalus, infests dogs. Also called Anciltostroua, .lnch!fl'j}-}ia, < 'Atytiv, speak: see -ulogy.'] treatise on the art of assaying or examining metallic(dos-i-mol'o-ji), n.The fleshy part of a boar's chine, between thetailA+substances. docious (do'shus), a. [Appar. a var. of docile, with sufli.x -oA'. Ct. docitij.'] Docile; amenable. [Colloq., western U. S.]Iit.[Prov. Eng.] 4. A casethe rump. HalliiccU. the clipped or of leather to cover cut of a horse. 5. A piece of leather forming part of a crupper. Grose. [Prov. Eng.] 6. The crupper of a saddle. HaUiwell. [Prov. Eng.] 7. The stern of a ship. [Scotch.]She bare many canons, with three great two behind in lier dock, aud one before...middle andbars and keep the ciitu-e structure upright while To lift a vessel, a row of blocks with shores and chocks is an-anged on top of all the pontoons. The air is allowed to escape, and the entire structure, except the float in the rear, sinks till the vessel can be Moated over tho pontoons. When the vessel is in position the water is pumped out of the pontoons, and they all rise together, lifting the vessel out of the wiUer. Dry-dOCk,a ilockoran excavated basin adjoining navigable water. l)ro\i. Memiia, is known a-s shoofing- jioll.fhKa7n(;, twoU'tli (Dan. dronte Sw. dront) ; origin unknown. The NL. name is didun, Sp. dido: see Didus.] recently extinct bird of Mauritius, Didus inep;antelopes.There mightmendoes and roes yse.Hoiii. (/ the Rose,I.AndItof squyrels ful gret pleiite.1401.=Astag, a stag of ten. Hearing his branches sturdilywas a;...Itwas there he met with a wounded doe. She was bleeding deathfiilly..S'cii,4.manner.walk in a slow, listless, or clumsy [CoUoq., North. Eng.] II. tranx. 1. To evade by a sudden shift of place, or by trick or device escape by starting aside, or by IialHiiig or rouudabotit movements as, to dodge a blow; to dodge a pursuer or a creditor to dodge a perplexing question.To jogh. ofthe L.,iv. 26.;of tho hare or rabbit. doe-t, '' iin>i " An obsolete spelling of [Sc.; origin obscure.] doe'* (do), n. wooden ball used in tho game of shinty. cnlled knowt. 2.The female