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LIC. MDICO CIRUJANO

BASIC ENGLISHTOPICS: CELLULAR AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURESHOW MEMBRANE CELLS WORK AND FUNCTIONS

MAESTRA: URY HERNANDEZ CASTILLO.

TEAM: 6ROSITA ESCALANTE OROPEZA.BERENICE LPEZ ZAMORA.ABDIEL HIPOLITO HERNANDEZ.JONATHAN

SEMESTER: 2 GROUP: B

vocabularydegenerative diseases- enfermedades degenerativasThemselves - ellos mismosplasma membrane - membrana plasmticaCytoplasm-citoplasmaCells- clulas reticulum- reticule Mesosomes- mesosomasSurrounded- rodeadoChlorophyl- clorofilaPinocytosis - PinocytosisPhagocitosis - FagocitosisEndocytosis EndocitosisHollow: Hueco Chlorophyll: clorofila

What is the cell?

It is the simplest living structure that is known, they are able to feed themselves, interact and reproduce. It consists of two parts which are plasma membrane and cytoplasm.All organisms are made of cells and this is so important to know as they are the cells and how they work and when the cells stop working cause degenerative diseases

Plasma membrane. It is the layer that defines the cell. Regulates the entry and exit of substances.

Cytoplasm. It is the content of the cell. In a liquid called plasma or cytosol and a series of structures called organelles can be distinguished. The main ones are the Ribosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and chloroplasts.

It consists of two parts which are plasma membrane and cytoplasm.

Inside the cell there are one or more molecules of a substance called DNAcontaining the information genetics are scattered in the nucleus.

You can classify living organisms according to the number of cells possessing: If you only have one, called les unicellular protozoa and bacteria. If you have more, they are called multicellular.

Prokaryotic cells. They are cells that do not have core are those who have their DNA into the cytoplasm. their organelles practically only are the Ribosomes, the mesosomes, and some have simple flagella

Eukaryotic cells. They are cells that have a nucleus. they are those who have their DNA surrounded by a membrane. they have plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. The eukaryotic cell is the structural and functional unit of all multicellular organisms. Two main types are different.

Animal cells. Characterized by does not have membrane secretion or, if they have it, it is never cellulose, by having very small vacuoles, chloroplasts deficiency and present centrosome, an organelle associated with the presence of cilia and flagella.

Plant cells. Are characterized by a thick wall of cellulose located abroad (on the plasma membrane), have large vacuoles and chloroplasts (some organelles of green since contend chlorophyll, which is the substance that can carry out photosynthesis) and that do not have Cilia or flagella

Cell organelle: Its an elemental constituent part of the cell, which has a structural unit and a specific role.Core: Is the rector of the cellular functions and controls the inheritanceNucleolus: this contains RNA and ribosomesEndoplasmic Reticulum: Its a Membrane that communicates to the plasma membrane to the nucleus. It is of two types: Smooth (synthesis and transport of lipids) and rough (protein synthesis)Golgi apparatus: is the continuation of the endoplasmic reticulum. Its function is the storage, modification and packaging of secretion of substances.

PARTS OF THE CELL Lysosomes: Are spherical structures that contain digestive enzymes, degrade nutrients, bacteria and damaged organelles.Vacuole: These are hollow in the cytoplasm that function as storage of substances and release excess water.Mitochondria: They are ovoid bodies with double membrane. Here the cellular respiration takes place and produces energyChloroplasts: exclusive organelles of plants and algae with double membrane and chlorophyll. Here the photosynthesis takes place.

Chemical structure of the cellsThe living matter is primarily chemical nature. Of all the known chemical elements, some are only part of the living matter. The C is abundantly, they usually be called biochemical elements. The most frequent are: C, N, O, H, S, P, K, Mg, Na, Cl. Some biochemical elements construct much more complex substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.Carbohydrates: they are biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, giving immediate and structural energy.Lipids: organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and other elements such as sulphur, which are hydrophobic and serve as a reserve energy and structural.Nucleic Acids: are the biomolecules carriers of genetic information and synthesize proteins.

conceptis a double membrane lipid and protein with a thickness of 8-10 nm.

structurethis consists of 2 layers, one exoplasmic and other protoplasmic, that give it a trilaminate structure

compositionPhospholipids and cholesterolforming the basic structure of the membrane bilayer

Proteinsperform specialized functions of the plasma membrane.

Carbohydraterecognition point of the plasma membrane.

Functions

forms the boundary between the intracellular and extracellular spaces. Selectivity gives it allows transport of certain substances there through.Allows recognition of macromolecules, substances, cells, microorganisms and herself.

FunctionsAllows communication between cells through specific cell contacts.Translate extracellular signals into intracellular functions through receptors and second messengers.Facilitates the recognition of immune system Participates in the mechanisms of secretion of type exocytosis and endocytosis.

Absorption (endocytosis): Is the ability to capture substances from the environment, are classified:Pinocytosis: Nonspecific uptake and extracellular fluid material through vacuolesPhagocitosis: Capturing microorganisms, cells and extracellular high molecular weight material through invagination.Receptor-mediated endocytosis: Is specific because the cell presents in the plasma membrane protein receptor type which binds to a specific ligand

2.Secretion: The ability to transform absorbed substances on a specific product and disposed secretion

3.Exocytosis: The release of metabolic waste material by the cell through the fusion of a secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane

4. Breathing: The ability of the cell to produce energy through the Krebs cycle, forming ATP and molecular oxygen

5. Irritability: The ability of the cell to react to a stimulus, with characteristics of neurons and muscle cells6. Conductivity: The ability of cells to transmit a pulse, for example "an action potential in a neuron"

7.Contractility: Ability to shorten the cell size in a direction determined as impulse response, characteristic of muscle cells8. Reproduction: The ability of cells to renew themselves and multiply, due to growth through protein synthesis and mitotic cell division.

ACTIVITY ANSWER THE NEXT QUESTIONS AND AFFIRMATIONS How are cells that have a nucleus called?how cells that have large vacuoles and chloroplasts are called?In this organelle the cellular respiration takes place and produces energyThese are the biomolecules carriers of genetic information and synthesize proteins.