THE CELL

pp. 174-181

Cell BoundariesA. Cell WallA. Cell WallCell wallsCell walls are the outermost boundary in are the outermost boundary in

__________, _______, and ___________. __________, _______, and ___________. They are They are notnot found in _____________________. found in _____________________.

The primary function of the cell wall is to The primary function of the cell wall is to provide ___________________________. The provide ___________________________. The cell wall does cell wall does notnot regulate what regulate what _________________________ the cell._________________________ the cell.

1. 1. Cell walls of Cell walls of plantsplants are composed of are composed of ________________________

2. 2. Cell walls of Cell walls of fungifungi are composed of are composed of __________________________

plants fungi bacteria

animal cells

structure and support

enters and leaves

cellulose

Chitin

B. Cell Membrane B. Cell Membrane EveryEvery cell is surrounded by a cell is surrounded by a cell cell

membranemembrane made of made of ___________________. The cell membrane ___________________. The cell membrane is is selectively permeableselectively permeable which means which means _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. This ___________________________________. This characteristic is critical in helping the characteristic is critical in helping the cell maintain _______________. The cell cell maintain _______________. The cell membrane is also called the membrane is also called the ____________________ membrane. ____________________ membrane.

Lipid bilayer

it only allows certain substances in and certain substances out

homeostasis

plasma

Inside a Eukaryotic Cell

The inside of the cell consists of the:A. NucleusB. B. Cytoplasm – Includes the

_________or “cell gel” and the __________, which

means “_____________”

cytosol

organelles

little organs

Nucleus

_____________ of the cell. Genetic information stored as ____________, which is _______wrapped in ________________.

Control center

chromatin

DNA

protein

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Nucleolus Small, dense

region in the nucleus. Site of ________________ production

ribosome

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Nuclear Envelope Double

_________________ membrane. Has nuclear ___________ which allow _______ to leave the nucleus

phospholipid

pores

RNA

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Ribosomes Tiny, granular

organelles located on _________________ or suspended in _________. Site of _________________. All cells (pro & euk) have ribosomes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

cytosol protein production

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Extensive network continuous with _________________. Called “rough” because it has ________________ all along the membrane. Function of the rough ER is to _____________________. Most of these proteins are packaged into _____________ (like bubbles or sacs) and shuttled to the ____________

nuclear envelope

ribosomes

modify & transport proteins

vesicles

Golgi apparatus

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Similar to rough ER in structure, except that it lacks ______________. The smooth ER manufactures ________, breaks down _________, detoxifies __________, and ________________.

ribosomes

lipids

glycogen

poisons

stores calcium Found in Both Plants & Animals

Golgi Apparatus Flattened, round sacs that look like a

sack of ________________. Receives, modifies, and ships products by way of ___________ into the ____________________________

pancakes

vesicles

cytosol → cell membrane_

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Lysosome Found in __________

cells only. Round sacs containing __________ that _______________ and ______________ used cell components. Also used as defense against _______ and _______________

animal

enzymes

break down recycle

bacteria

viruses

Vacuole Sacs that may be

used as storage for _______, _________, _________________, or wastes. Plants have a large central vacuole.

water Salts, proteinscarbohydrates

Mitochondria Double-walled Double-walled

organelle with organelle with inner folds inner folds ____________. ____________. ____________Uses ____________Uses _______ to _______ to manufacture manufacture energy in the form energy in the form of ______. of ______. Mitochondria have Mitochondria have their own _______. their own _______.

to increase

surface area glucose

ATP

DNA

Chloroplast

Found in ______ cells. Contain __________ (green pigment) and their own ______. Chloroplasts harvest energy from the ____ to produce ____ through __________.

plant

chlorophyll

DNA

sunATP

photosynthesis

Centrioles

Found in _________ cells only. Bundles of _________________ that play a role in _________________

animal

microtubules

cell division

Cytoskeleton Composed of protein fibers known as

_______________ and ______________. Anchor _______________ and provide ______________. Also provide motility for some cells in the form of ___________ or ____________. More extensive cytoskeleton found in __________ cells.

microtubules

microfilaments organelles

structure cilia flagella

animal