THE CELLTHE CELLDr. Jobe MartinDr. Jobe Martin

www.evolutionofacreationist.comwww.evolutionofacreationist.com

www.biblicaldiscipleship.orgwww.biblicaldiscipleship.org

CELL:CELL:The basic unit of structure The basic unit of structure

and function in living and function in living organisms.organisms.

Secular Secular HumanismHumanism

Marxism/ Leninism

Cosmic Humanism

Biblical Christianity

Sources: Humanist Manifestos I, II

Writings of Marx and Lenin

New Age writers: Ferguson, Bailey

Bible

Theology Atheism Atheism Pantheism Theism

Philosophy Naturalism Dialectical Materialism

Non-Naturalism Supernaturalism

Ethics Relativism Proletariat Morality Relativism Absolutes

Biology Evolution Evolution Evolution CREATION

Psychology

Self-actualization Behaviorism Collective Consciousness

Mind-Body Dualism

Sociology Non-Traditional Family

Abolition of Home Church and State

Non-Tradition Home Church and State

Traditional Home Church State

Law Positive Law Positive Law Self-Law Biblical Law

Politics World Gov. (Globalism)

New World Order New Age Order Justice, Freedom Order

Economics Socialism Socialism Enlightened Production

Stewardship Private Prop.

History Historical Evolution

Historical Materialism

Evolutionary Godhood

Historical Resurrection

Postmo

dIslam

ValuesRespect for life Wealth

Truth “Fruit of the Spirit”Happiness Health Loyalty

WorldviewA set of beliefs or ideas / a system of thought

Ethics Biology Psychology

PhilosophyTheology

Politics Economics History

Law

Sociology

“For as he thinketh in his heart, so is he.” Proverbs 23:7

Behavior

www.summit.org

Summit Ministries

Manitou Spgs. CO

BIOGENESISBIOGENESIS• How does a cell get “life?”How does a cell get “life?”

• The Law of Biogenesis states that life The Law of Biogenesis states that life can only come from life.can only come from life.

• Living cells give birth to living cells.Living cells give birth to living cells.• Lifeless chemicals cannot combine in a Lifeless chemicals cannot combine in a

manner that generates a living cell. manner that generates a living cell.

““SPONTANEOUS SPONTANEOUS GENERATION”GENERATION”

• Spontaneous Generation is a foundational Spontaneous Generation is a foundational requirement of godless, therefore mindless, requirement of godless, therefore mindless, evolution.evolution.

• Evolutionists Evolutionists imagineimagine that at one time in that at one time in the distant past chemicals came together the distant past chemicals came together and spontaneously sprang into life with the and spontaneously sprang into life with the instant ability to reproduce.instant ability to reproduce.

• Thus—A living cell was spontaneously Thus—A living cell was spontaneously generated!generated!

IS A LIVING CELL A SIMPLE THING?IS A LIVING CELL A SIMPLE THING?• The human body contains up to 75 trillion The human body contains up to 75 trillion

cells.cells.• There are 200 known types of cells in There are 200 known types of cells in

humans:humans:• Blood cellsBlood cells• Bone cellsBone cells• Muscle cellsMuscle cells• Nerve cellsNerve cells• Teeth cellsTeeth cells• Skin cellsSkin cells• Reproductive cells Reproductive cells

All cells in humans begin with that first cell that brings one half of the genetic material from the male and one half from the female.

IS A LIVING CELL A SIMPLE IS A LIVING CELL A SIMPLE THING?THING?

• Every cell contains about 1 billion Every cell contains about 1 billion compounds.compounds.

• About 75 sextillion compounds per person. About 75 sextillion compounds per person. 21 O’s21 O’s

• In the compounds are 5 million proteins.In the compounds are 5 million proteins.• Each protein can have more than one Each protein can have more than one

function. function. • Proteins can have different electrical Proteins can have different electrical

charges.charges.

PROTEINS IN THE CELL:PROTEINS IN THE CELL:• Know where to go and how to get there.Know where to go and how to get there.• Know when to act and how much is needed.Know when to act and how much is needed.

• Know how fast to react and when to stopKnow how fast to react and when to stop..

Molecular surface of several proteins showing their comparative sizes. From left to right are: immunoglobulin G (IgG, an antibody), hemoglobin, insulin (a hormone), adenylate kinase (an enzyme), and glutamine synthetase (an enzyme). Source: As rendered by Grasp (Anthony

Nicholls, Kim Sharp and Barry Honig, PROTEINS, Structure, Function and Genetics, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1991, pg. 281ff).

Structures are from the Protein Data Bank. Accessed 6-28-11 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

PLANT CELLSPLANT CELLS• Animal cells and plant cells are very Animal cells and plant cells are very

similar.similar.• Plant cells have a few parts and factories Plant cells have a few parts and factories

that animal cells do not have.that animal cells do not have.• There is a cell wall over the cell There is a cell wall over the cell

membrane.membrane.• There are chloroplasts for photosynthesis.There are chloroplasts for photosynthesis.• There is a large vacuole “storage sac.”There is a large vacuole “storage sac.”

Accessed on 6-23-11 from: Accessed on 6-23-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plant_cell_structure.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plant_cell_structure.png It is in public domain. It is in public domain.

PLANT CELLSPLANT CELLSMost scientists (evolutionary) Most scientists (evolutionary) won’t even discuss the evolution won’t even discuss the evolution of plants because plant of plants because plant structure and structure and development is so complicated development is so complicated that it is totally impossible to that it is totally impossible to prove and document a prove and document a mechanism for evolution. mechanism for evolution. However, their answer is that, However, their answer is that, “Given enough TIME, anything is “Given enough TIME, anything is possible.”possible.”

Accessed on 6-16-2011 from: Accessed on 6-16-2011 from: www.daviddarling.info/images/plant_cell.jpgwww.daviddarling.info/images/plant_cell.jpg. Used with permission.. Used with permission.

CELL CHEMISTRYCELL CHEMISTRY

Nearly every Nearly every chemical reaction is chemical reaction is helped along by one helped along by one

or more of the or more of the 3000+ enzymes in 3000+ enzymes in our cells. Some of our cells. Some of

these reactions take these reactions take only one millionth of only one millionth of

a second.a second.

Human glyoxalase I. Two zinc ions that are needed for the enzyme to catalyze its reaction are shown as

purple spheres, and an enzyme inhibitor called S-

hexylglutathione is shown as a space-filling model, filling the two

active sites. Accessed on 6-28-11 from:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif. The licenser does not support or endorse places where his graphic are

used.

THE BODY IS COMPOSED OF VARIOUS THE BODY IS COMPOSED OF VARIOUS SYSTEMS:SYSTEMS:

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

The Gastrointestinal SystemThe Gastrointestinal System

The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System

The Excretory SystemThe Excretory System

The Musculoskeletal System.The Musculoskeletal System.

All of these systems function by means of the All of these systems function by means of the tiny living cells of which they are made—cells tiny living cells of which they are made—cells

that know what to do and how and when to that know what to do and how and when to do it.do it.

THE CELL, THE CELL, SOME PARTS:SOME PARTS:

• NucleusNucleus• Chromosomes, Chromosomes,

GenesGenes• Cell membraneCell membrane• Organelles (factories)Organelles (factories)

• Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum• Golgi complexesGolgi complexes• Mitochondria Mitochondria

(power (power generators)generators)

• RibosomesRibosomes• CentromeresCentromeres• TelomeresTelomeres

Human cell structure from Bible Probe: Accessed on 6-23-11

from: www.bibleprobe.com/humancell2.jpg

Accessed on 6-23-11 from: Accessed on 6-23-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endomembrane_system_diagram.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endomembrane_system_diagram.svg. This s a free domain picture. . This s a free domain picture.

TThe diagram shows an endomembrane system on a Eukaryote cell.he diagram shows an endomembrane system on a Eukaryote cell.

THE CELL, SOME PARTS:THE CELL, SOME PARTS:NucleolusNucleolusNuclear poresNuclear poresCytoplasmCytoplasmLysosomesLysosomesPeroxisomesPeroxisomesMicrotubulesMicrotubulesMicrofilamentsMicrofilamentsCentriolesCentrioles

Non-directed, non-purposeful,

random, accidental,

chance, mindless processes over

millions of years produced cells?

NUCLEUSNUCLEUSA membrane-bounded sac that A membrane-bounded sac that

contains the genetic material.contains the genetic material.

HeLa cells [one of the mast commonly used human cell lines] stained for DNA with the Blue Hoechst dye. The central and rightmost cell are in interphase, thus their entire nuclei are labeled. On the left, a cell is going through mitosis and its DNA has condensed ready for division. Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus. Free Domain.

CHROMOSOMECHROMOSOME• It is an organized structure of DNA and It is an organized structure of DNA and

protein found in cells—or a rod-shaped protein found in cells—or a rod-shaped structure in the nucleus of a cell structure in the nucleus of a cell consisting of a continuous molecule consisting of a continuous molecule of DNA wrapped in protein. The structure of of DNA wrapped in protein. The structure of chromosomes varies widely between chromosomes varies widely between different organisms. different organisms.

• Humans have 23 pairs = 46 chromosomesHumans have 23 pairs = 46 chromosomes• Primates have 24 pairs = 48 chromosomesPrimates have 24 pairs = 48 chromosomes• If we evolved from the primates why do they If we evolved from the primates why do they

have more chromosomes than we do?have more chromosomes than we do?

PSALM 139:16PSALM 139:16Thine eyes did see my substance, yet Thine eyes did see my substance, yet

being unperfect; and in thy book all being unperfect; and in thy book all my membersmy members were written, were written, whichwhich in in

continuance were fashioned, when continuance were fashioned, when as as yet there wasyet there was none of them. none of them.

GENESGENES• Genes are sequences Genes are sequences

of DNA that specify of DNA that specify the sequence of amino the sequence of amino acids of particular acids of particular polypeptides.polypeptides.

• Polypeptides are long Polypeptides are long polymer chains of polymer chains of amino acids.amino acids. Dipeptide component of a polypeptide.

Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:H-Gly-Ala-OH.jpg. The use of this graphic does not mean that the licenser

endorses or supports organizations using it.

CELL MEMBRANECELL MEMBRANE• The cell membrane is certain proteins The cell membrane is certain proteins

embedded in a lipid bi-layer which forms the embedded in a lipid bi-layer which forms the boundary of cells.boundary of cells.

• Cell membranes behave as if they have a Cell membranes behave as if they have a brain of their own. They permit only certain brain of their own. They permit only certain concentrations of chemicals to enter the cell concentrations of chemicals to enter the cell and to exit the cell.and to exit the cell.

• The cell membrane can distinguish between The cell membrane can distinguish between a 1/1000% and a 2/1000% solution!a 1/1000% and a 2/1000% solution!

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)• Interconnected Interconnected

membranous tubules membranous tubules and sacs that wind and sacs that wind from the nuclear from the nuclear envelope to the cell envelope to the cell membrane.membrane.

• ““Rough ER”=Proteins Rough ER”=Proteins are synthesized.are synthesized.

• ““Smooth ER”=Lipids Smooth ER”=Lipids (fats) are (fats) are synthesized.synthesized.

Micrograph of rough endoplasmic reticulum network around the nucleus (shown in lower right-hand side of the picture). Dark small circles in the network are mitochondria. Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum. Free Domain.

GOLGI APPARATUS:GOLGI APPARATUS:

A system of flat, stacked membrane-A system of flat, stacked membrane-bounded sacs where sugars are bounded sacs where sugars are

polymerized into starches or bonded polymerized into starches or bonded to proteins or lipids.to proteins or lipids.

MITOCHONDRIONMITOCHONDRION

The organelle within which the The organelle within which the reactions of cellular metabolism reactions of cellular metabolism

occur.occur.

RIBOSOMERIBOSOMEA structure built of RNA (ribonuclaic A structure built of RNA (ribonuclaic acid) and protein upon which mRNA acid) and protein upon which mRNA (messenger RNA) anchors during (messenger RNA) anchors during

protein synthesis.protein synthesis.

CENTROMERECENTROMERE

A specifically A specifically located located

constriction in a constriction in a chromosome.chromosome.

Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chromosome.svg. The use of

this graphic does not mean that the licenser endorses or supports organizations using it.

TELOMERETELOMERE• Attachments at the end of Attachments at the end of

Chromosomes.Chromosomes.• It is believed that with cell It is believed that with cell

divisions telomeres are dropped divisions telomeres are dropped off the end of chromosomes and off the end of chromosomes and are an indicator of the life span of are an indicator of the life span of

the individual.the individual.

PSALM 90:9-10PSALM 90:9-10

For all our days are passed away in For all our days are passed away in thy wrath: we spend our years as a thy wrath: we spend our years as a

tale tale that is toldthat is told. The days of our . The days of our years years areare threescore years and ten; threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength and if by reason of strength they bethey be fourscore years, yet fourscore years, yet isis their strength their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut

off, and we fly away.off, and we fly away.

GENESIS 1:27GENESIS 1:27So God created man in his So God created man in his

ownown image, in the image image, in the image of God created he him; of God created he him;

male and female created male and female created he them.he them.

EXODUS 20:13EXODUS 20:13

Thou Thou shalt shalt

not kill!not kill!

EXODUS 21:22,23EXODUS 21:22,23If men strive, and hurt a woman with If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart child, so that her fruit depart from herfrom her, , and yet no mischief follow: he shall be and yet no mischief follow: he shall be

surely punished, according as the surely punished, according as the woman’s husband will lay upon him; woman’s husband will lay upon him;

and he shall pay as the judgesand he shall pay as the judges determine.determine. And if And if anyany mischief follow, mischief follow,

then thou shalt give life for life. then thou shalt give life for life.

PSALM 139:13-15PSALM 139:13-15For thou hast possessed my reins For thou hast possessed my reins

(formed my inward parts, NASB; (formed my inward parts, NASB; created my inmost being, NIV): thou created my inmost being, NIV): thou hast covered me (knit me together, hast covered me (knit me together, NIV; didst weave me, NASB) in my NIV; didst weave me, NASB) in my

mother’s womb. I will praise thee; for mother’s womb. I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: I am fearfully and wonderfully made:

marvelous are thy works; and that my marvelous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well.soul knoweth right well.

PROVERBS 24:11,12PROVERBS 24:11,12If thou forebear to deliver them that are If thou forebear to deliver them that are

drawn unto death, and those that are drawn unto death, and those that are ready to be slain; If thou sayest, Behold, ready to be slain; If thou sayest, Behold,

we knew it not; doth not he that we knew it not; doth not he that pondereth the heart consider it? and he pondereth the heart consider it? and he that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know it? and shall not he render to every man it? and shall not he render to every man

according to his works? according to his works?

JEREMIAH 1:4,5JEREMIAH 1:4,5Then the word of the Lord came unto Then the word of the Lord came unto me, saying, Before I formed thee in me, saying, Before I formed thee in

the belly I knew thee; and before thou the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I camest forth out of the womb I

sanctified thee, sanctified thee, andand I ordained thee a I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations. prophet unto the nations.

PROVERBS 31:8,9PROVERBS 31:8,9

Open thy mouth for the dumb in the Open thy mouth for the dumb in the cause of all such as are appointed cause of all such as are appointed to destruction. Open thy mouth, to destruction. Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the judge righteously, and plead the

cause of the poor and needy. cause of the poor and needy.

ISAIAH 44:24,25ISAIAH 44:24,25Thus saith the Lord, thy redeemer, and Thus saith the Lord, thy redeemer, and

he that formed thee from the womb, I he that formed thee from the womb, I amam the Lord that maketh all the Lord that maketh all thingsthings; that ; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself; spreadeth abroad the earth by myself; That frustrateth the tokens of liars, and That frustrateth the tokens of liars, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise

menmen backward, and maketh their backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish.knowledge foolish.

ISAIAH 49:1ISAIAH 49:1Listen, O isles, unto me; and Listen, O isles, unto me; and hehearken, ye people, from far; rken, ye people, from far; The Lord hath called me from The Lord hath called me from the wombthe womb; from the bowels of ; from the bowels of

my mother hath he made my mother hath he made mention of my name.mention of my name.

JOB 33:4JOB 33:4The spirit of God hath made The spirit of God hath made

me, and the breath of the me, and the breath of the Almighty hath given me life.Almighty hath given me life.

LUKE 1:15LUKE 1:15For he shall be great in the sight of For he shall be great in the sight of

the Lord, and shall drink neither the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he wine nor strong drink; and he

shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother’s womb.even from his mother’s womb.

(referring to John the Baptist)(referring to John the Baptist)

GALATIANS 1:15GALATIANS 1:15But when it pleased God, But when it pleased God, who who

separated me from my mother’s separated me from my mother’s wombwomb, and called , and called meme by His grace, by His grace, to reveal His Son in me, that I might to reveal His Son in me, that I might preach Him among the heathen… preach Him among the heathen…

(referring to the apostle Paul)(referring to the apostle Paul)

1 THESSALONIANS 2:11,121 THESSALONIANS 2:11,12

As ye know how we exhorted As ye know how we exhorted and comforted and charged and comforted and charged every one of you, as a father every one of you, as a father

dothdoth his children, that ye would his children, that ye would walk worthy of God, who hath walk worthy of God, who hath called you unto his kingdom called you unto his kingdom

and glory.and glory.

NUCLEOLUSNUCLEOLUS

A structure A structure within the within the nucleus nucleus

where RNA where RNA nucleotides nucleotides are stored.are stored.

NUCLEAR PORESNUCLEAR PORES

Microscopic Microscopic holes in the holes in the

nuclear nuclear envelope.envelope.

CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASMThe jelly-like fluid in which cell The jelly-like fluid in which cell

structures are suspended.structures are suspended.

LYSOSOMELYSOSOMEA sac in a cell in which molecules and A sac in a cell in which molecules and worn-out organelles are enzymatically worn-out organelles are enzymatically

dismantled.dismantled.

Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Illu_cell_structure.jpg. Image in Public domain.

PEROXISOMESPEROXISOMES

A membrane-bounded sac that A membrane-bounded sac that buds from the smooth ER buds from the smooth ER

(Endoplasmic Reticulum) and (Endoplasmic Reticulum) and that houses enzymes important that houses enzymes important

in oxygen use.in oxygen use.

MICROTUBULESMICROTUBULESThe long (microscopically speaking), The long (microscopically speaking), hollow tubules made of tubulin protein hollow tubules made of tubulin protein

that move cells to their proper position.that move cells to their proper position.

MICROFILAMENTSMICROFILAMENTSTiny actin rods in cells, especially Tiny actin rods in cells, especially

contractile cells. They aid in contractile cells. They aid in maintaining cell shape.maintaining cell shape.

CENTRIOLESCENTRIOLES

A pair of oblong structures A pair of oblong structures consisting of microtubules that consisting of microtubules that organize the mitotic spindle.organize the mitotic spindle.

MITOTIC SPINDLEMITOTIC SPINDLEA structure of microtubules that aligns and separates A structure of microtubules that aligns and separates chromosomes in mitosis. “chromosomes in mitosis. “The process of mitosis, The process of mitosis, fundamental to eukaryotic cell replication, allows fundamental to eukaryotic cell replication, allows

the nuclei of cells to divide and provides each the nuclei of cells to divide and provides each daughter cell with a complete and identical set of daughter cell with a complete and identical set of chromosomes. The progression may take only a chromosomes. The progression may take only a few minutes or may encompass several hours, few minutes or may encompass several hours, largely depending upon plant or animal species largely depending upon plant or animal species

and cell type.”and cell type.”~Accessed 6-28-11 from from Microsocopy U: ~Accessed 6-28-11 from from Microsocopy U: http://www.microscopyu.com/staticgallery/featuredmicroscopist/deerinck/deerinckimage13.htmlhttp://www.microscopyu.com/staticgallery/featuredmicroscopist/deerinck/deerinckimage13.html

Background image Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mitotic_spindle_color_micrograph.gif. Public domain.

CELLS DIFFERCELLS DIFFER• Muscle cells are long and spindly.Muscle cells are long and spindly.

Skeletal muscle image accessed 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skeletal_muscle.jpg. The use of this graphic does not mean that the licenser endorses or supports organizations using it.

• Nerve cells are more filamentous.Nerve cells are more filamentous.

Accessed 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg. Public Domain.

• Skin cells are flat.Skin cells are flat. Protein complex:Protein complex: Many Many individual cadherin proteins individual cadherin proteins

protruding from the surface of a protruding from the surface of a skin cell join together in an skin cell join together in an

elaborate lattice structure, made elaborate lattice structure, made visible in its natural configuration visible in its natural configuration for the first time by cryo-electron for the first time by cryo-electron tomography, a novel cell-freezing tomography, a novel cell-freezing technique. This complex allows technique. This complex allows

each skin cell to attach to its each skin cell to attach to its neighbors, forming skin tissue. neighbors, forming skin tissue. Credit: Achilleas Frangakis, EMBLCredit: Achilleas Frangakis, EMBL

Accessed on 6-28-11 from: www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/19883/ Accessed on 6-28-11 from: www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/19883/

• Skin cells are flat.Skin cells are flat.Frozen cells: A thin, frozen slice of a human skin cell

was bombarded with electrons and then reconstructed with

specialized software to create this 3-D color-coded

image. Each cellular structure has its own color: blue for the nucleus and its envelope, red for nuclear

pores, purple for mitochondria, and brown for the cadherin proteins that

allow the cell to adhere to its neighbors.

Information and image accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/19883/

• Blood cells (or Blood cells (or hematocyteshematocytes) are are rounded.rounded.

• They fall into three general They fall into three general categories:categories:• Red Blood Cells— Erythrocytes Red Blood Cells— Erythrocytes • White Blood Cells— Leukocytes White Blood Cells— Leukocytes • Platelets— Thrombocytes Platelets— Thrombocytes

Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blood_cells_09030

4-F-5951M-108.jpg. Public Domain.

Accessed on 6-28-11 from: www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/red.html.

CELLS DIFFERCELLS DIFFER• Many cells are extremely flexible.Many cells are extremely flexible.• Some can stretch to double their size.Some can stretch to double their size.• Some can shrink to half their size.Some can shrink to half their size.• Some are stationary.Some are stationary.• Some are mobile.Some are mobile.• Some can be stationary or mobile.Some can be stationary or mobile.

• Billions of cells ride the currents of the blood Billions of cells ride the currents of the blood stream every day.stream every day.

• Some can latch onto a cell wall like velcro.Some can latch onto a cell wall like velcro.• Some can slip between cells to fight Some can slip between cells to fight

intruders.intruders.• Some bring manufactured products.Some bring manufactured products.• Some remove waste products.Some remove waste products.

CELLS DIFFERCELLS DIFFER

• Some encircle and destroy enemy cells.Some encircle and destroy enemy cells.• Some are heavily armed and engage in Some are heavily armed and engage in

combat at a moments notice.combat at a moments notice.• Some are the body’s 911 system.Some are the body’s 911 system.• Some make antibodies.Some make antibodies.• Some secrete pyrogens to increase body Some secrete pyrogens to increase body

temp.temp.

CELLS DIFFERCELLS DIFFER

Specialized cells monitor the environment Specialized cells monitor the environment for:for:Worrisome chemicalsWorrisome chemicalsToxinsToxinsAllerginsAllerginsSightsSightsSoundsSoundsSmellsSmellsSensationsSensationsTastesTastesBlood pressureBlood pressureHeart rateHeart rateTemperature Temperature

Cells doing their jobs!

SUMMARYSUMMARY• The formation of each cell and every The formation of each cell and every

function follows a blueprint that is drawn up function follows a blueprint that is drawn up at the union of the egg and sperm.at the union of the egg and sperm.

• Every human body is home to up to 75 Every human body is home to up to 75 trillion cells with 200 known kinds of cells trillion cells with 200 known kinds of cells and thousands of different functions.and thousands of different functions.

• Every cell contains dozens of tiny factories Every cell contains dozens of tiny factories making billions of compounds.making billions of compounds.

SUMMARYSUMMARY• Cell manufactured compounds are highly Cell manufactured compounds are highly

variable in shape, size, electrical charge variable in shape, size, electrical charge and configuration; many can complete a and configuration; many can complete a function in a millionth of a second.function in a millionth of a second.

• Anatomy, physiology and genetics—from a Anatomy, physiology and genetics—from a single freckle on the cheek to a bend in the single freckle on the cheek to a bend in the colon—are predetermined. Aspects of colon—are predetermined. Aspects of personality, preferences and personality, preferences and susceptibilities may also be. We are not susceptibilities may also be. We are not born a blank slate.born a blank slate.

TITUS 2:11TITUS 2:11 For the grace of God that bringeth salvation For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men,hath appeared to all men,1212Teaching us that, Teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world;world;1313Looking for that blessed hope, and the Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; Saviour Jesus Christ; 1414Who gave himself for us, Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. good works. 1515These things speak, and exhort, These things speak, and exhort, and rebuke with all authority. Let no man despise and rebuke with all authority. Let no man despise thee.thee.

PHILIPPIANS 1:27PHILIPPIANS 1:27Only let your conversation be as it Only let your conversation be as it

becometh the gospel of Christ: becometh the gospel of Christ: that whether I come and see you that whether I come and see you or else be absent, I may hear of or else be absent, I may hear of your affairs, that ye stand fast in your affairs, that ye stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving one spirit, with one mind striving

together for the faith of the together for the faith of the gospel.gospel.

PHILIPPIANS 2:15,16aPHILIPPIANS 2:15,16aThat ye may be blameless and That ye may be blameless and

harmless, the sons of God, without harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked rebuke, in the midst of a crooked

and perverse nation, among whom and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world; ye shine as lights in the world;

holding forth the word of life; that I holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ….may rejoice in the day of Christ….

COLOSSIANS 1:10COLOSSIANS 1:10That ye might walk worthy of That ye might walk worthy of

the Lord unto all pleasing the Lord unto all pleasing being fruitful in every good being fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the work, and increasing in the

knowledge of God.knowledge of God.