The Cell Cycle

Picture of animal cell -- http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

Picture of plant cell -- http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

OR

How cells make new cells

(Sullivan, J. 2010)

Two major parts of the cell cycle:

Interphase – resting and growing

Mitosis – dividing http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/

activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/mitosis/mitosis.html

(University of Arizona, 2005)

Interphase usually lasts 10-30 hours in mammals

Three stages: GAP 1 (G1) – growing Cells increase in size, produce RNA and synthesize proteins,

S Phase (S) – synthesizing Duplication of Chromosomes or DNA, forming chromatids connected with centromere

GAP 2 (G2) – checkingCell continues to grow and synthesize proteins at the end it double checks before starting mitosis

http://education.kings.edu/dsmith/Lesson%206.html

http://education.kings.edu/dsmith/Lesson%206.html

(Sullivan, J. 2010;

University of Arizona, 2005)

http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm

Cell Cycle Animation

(Sullivan, J. 2010)

Mitosis – cell division Mitosis (M phase) Shorter -- lasts 2-3 minutes in mammalsGrowth and protein production stopsAll cell’s energy is focused on the complex steps of cell division End result is two similar (identical DNA) daughter cells

Go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kpR5RSJ7SA&feature=related

(Sullivan, J. 2010;

University of Arizona, 2005)

http://movies-tigernathanielvladimir.blogspot.com/2011/03/cell-cycle-mitosis.html

Prophase – first phase

The nucleolus fades.

Chromatin (replicated DNA and associated proteins) condenses into chromosomes. Each replicated chromosome has two identical chromatids.

Microtubules of the cytoskeleton disassemble and centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell(during interphase are responsible for cell shape, motility and attachment to other cells)

The microtubules are grow the mitotic spindle from the region of the centrosomes to the centrioles.

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html

http://www.wpclipart.com/medical/anatomy/cells/mitosis/Mitotic_Prophase.png.html

(Sullivan, J. 2010;

University of Arizona, 2005)

Nuclear membrane dissolves

Proteins attach to the centromeres creating the kinetochores.

Microtubules (spindle fibers) attach at the kinetochores and the chromosomes begin moving.

Other Microtubules (spindle fibers) elongate but instead of attaching to chromosomes, overlap each other at the cell center.

Prometaphase

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.htmlhttp://www.wpclipart.com/medical/anatomy/ce

lls/mitosis/Mitotic_Prometaphase.png.html

(Sullivan, J. 2010;

University of Arizona, 2005)

Spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus.

This line is referred to as the metaphase plate.

This organization helps to ensure that when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus will receive one copy of each chromosome.

A check is conducted insuring that the cell is ready to complete cell division

Metaphase

http://www.wpclipart.com/medical/anatomy/cells/mitosis/Mitotic_Metaphase.png.html

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html

(Sullivan, J. 2010;

University of Arizona, 2005)

Paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite sides of the cell.

****Spindle fibers shorten

****Kinetochores separate

****Chromatids (daughter chromosomes) are pulled apart and begin moving to the cell poles.

Motion results from a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubules.

Anaphase

http://www.wpclipart.com/medical/anatomy/cells/mitosis/Mitotic_Anaphase.png.html

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html

(Sullivan, J. 2010;

University of Arizona, 2005)

Chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell

New membranes form around the daughter nuclei

The chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope.

The spindle fibers disperse,

Cytokinesis (the division of the cell) may also begin during this stage.

Telophase

http://www.wpclipart.com/medical/anatomy/cells/mitosis/Mitotic_Telophase.png.html

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html

(Sullivan, J. 2010;

University of Arizona, 2005)

Spindle fibers not attached to chromosomes begin breaking down (until only that portion of overlap is left.

In this region a contractile ring cleaves the cell into two daughter cells.

Microtubules then reorganize into a new cytoskeleton for the return to interphase.

In plant cells, the rigid wall requires that a cell plate be synthesized between the two daughter cells.

Cytokinesis

http://www.wpclipart.com/medical/anatomy/cells/mitosis/Mitotic_Cytokinesis.png.html http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell

_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html

(Sullivan, J. 2010;

University of Arizona, 2005)

http://www.wpclipart.com/medical/anatomy/cells/mitosis/Mitosis_cells_sequence_large.jpg

Mitosis

Mitosis Animation

http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

(Sullivan, J. 2010)

Let’s practice!!

Control the stages game -- http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/2001/

Label the stages game -- http://www.purposegames.com/game/cell-mitosis-quiz/info

For your viewing pleasure!The Cell Rap-- here are the lyrics, you add the tunes!! http://bizzarroworld.homestead.com/songs.html

These gals sing their hearts out -- www.youtube.com/watch?v=sa0uWNlqKyc&feature=related%20%20

Follow Bob on his most epic life journey-- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xeEdn8EXyk&feature=related%20%20

Grading!

your grade will also be based on the application of this information in the Onion Root Tip Lab, to be completed in the future. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html(You will need to identify the different stages of the cell cycle.)

From the Website: Cellsalive -- http://www.cellsalive.com

Cells Alive Mitosis Crossword Puzzle -- http://www.cellsalive.com/puzzles/mitosis/index.html

Complete Online quiz: http://quizstar.4teachers.org/ CRA Biology classes -- The Cell Cycle Posttest

References

Angier, Natalie (2002). Lesson 6: mitosis. Retrieved February 26, 2011 from: http://education.kings.edu/dsmith/Lesson%206.html Davidson, Michael M. (2004) Molecular expressions. Retrieved February 26, 2011 from: The University of Florida http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/mitosis/mitosis.html Nobel Prize.Org. Games (2011) Control of the cell cycle. Retrieved February 26, 2011 from: http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/2001/ RierroTheCoolest (2008) Cell mitosis game. Retrieved February 26, 2011 from: http://www.purposegames.com/game/cell-mitosis-quiz/info Srokes, Ms. (2007) The cell cycle featuring: mitosis. Retrieved February 26, 2011 from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kpR5RSJ7SA&feature=related

References

Sullivan, Jim. (2010) Cells alive. Retrieved February 26, 2011 from: http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm The University of Arizona (2005). The Biology project. Retrieved February 26, 2011 from: http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html

Valdimir, Nathanial (2011) The cell cycle mitosis. (Retrieved February 26, 2011 from: http://movies-tigernathanielvladimir.blogspot.com/2011/03/cell-cycle-mitosis.html

WP Clipart (n.d.). Medical section: mitosis. Retrieved February 26, 2011 from: http://www.wpclipart.com/medical/anatomy/cells/mitosis/