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The CellThe Cell
By: David SykesBy: David Sykes
Cell FactsCell Facts
Functional basic unit of lifeFunctional basic unit of life
Discovered by Robert C Hooke (1653)Discovered by Robert C Hooke (1653)
Humans contain about 100 trillion cellsHumans contain about 100 trillion cells
Humans have Eukaryotic CellsHumans have Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus and Double membraneNucleus and Double membrane
Cell MembraneCell Membrane
Separates interior of cell from outside Separates interior of cell from outside environmentenvironment
Controls movement of substances in and Controls movement of substances in and out of cellsout of cells
Made up of a phospholipid bilayerMade up of a phospholipid bilayer
Anchors cytoskeleton of cell (cell Anchors cytoskeleton of cell (cell structure)structure)
CytoplasmCytoplasm
Small gel like substance residing within cellSmall gel like substance residing within cell
Contains all of the organelles inside the cellContains all of the organelles inside the cell
Most cellular activity occurs in cytoplasmMost cellular activity occurs in cytoplasm Metabolic pathwaysMetabolic pathways GlycolysisGlycolysis Process of Cell divisionProcess of Cell division
MitochondriaMitochondria
““Power plant” of cellPower plant” of cell
Generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Chemical energyChemical energy
Mitochondria have an outer and inner Mitochondria have an outer and inner membranemembrane
Have own DNA!!Have own DNA!!
RibosomesRibosomes
Protein synthesisProtein synthesis Build long chains of amino acids for cellBuild long chains of amino acids for cell
Found throughout the cellFound throughout the cell Free floatingFree floating Attached to Endoplasmic reticulumAttached to Endoplasmic reticulum
Very small compared to other organellesVery small compared to other organelles
Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum
Tubular network through cytoplsm and Tubular network through cytoplsm and fused to nuclear membranefused to nuclear membrane
Serves as the cell’s “transport” systemServes as the cell’s “transport” system
2 Types2 Types Rough ER (ribosomes embedded on surface)Rough ER (ribosomes embedded on surface)
Protein synthesis and transportProtein synthesis and transport Smooth ERSmooth ER
Lipid and steroid synthesis and transportLipid and steroid synthesis and transport
Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus
Modifies/packages molecules for transport Modifies/packages molecules for transport out or within cellout or within cellProcesses proteins primarilyProcesses proteins primarily Different from synthesizing proteinsDifferent from synthesizing proteins
Consists of stacks of membrane-bound Consists of stacks of membrane-bound structures know as “cisternae”structures know as “cisternae”Think of it as a post officeThink of it as a post officeCreates lysosomesCreates lysosomes
LysosomeLysosome
Contain hydrolase enzymes to break down waste Contain hydrolase enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debrismaterials and cellular debris
Digests Digests broken down organellesbroken down organelles food particlesfood particles BacteriaBacteria
Autolytic cell destructionAutolytic cell destruction Lysosome releases enzyme to destroy own cellLysosome releases enzyme to destroy own cell
VacuoleVacuole
Filled with water containing organic and Filled with water containing organic and inorganic moleculesinorganic molecules Enzyme solutionsEnzyme solutions
Assists in digestive and waste Assists in digestive and waste management processmanagement process
Mostly in plants but there are some in Mostly in plants but there are some in specific animal cellsspecific animal cells
NucleusNucleus
Membrane enclosed organelle which takes up Membrane enclosed organelle which takes up about 10% of cell (largest organelle)about 10% of cell (largest organelle)
Controls gene expression and replication of DNAControls gene expression and replication of DNA
Sometimes called the “brain” of the cellSometimes called the “brain” of the cell
Contains the nucleolusContains the nucleolus Synthesize rRNA and assemble ribosomesSynthesize rRNA and assemble ribosomes
Plant cell differencesPlant cell differences
Cell WallCell Wall Surrounds cell membraneSurrounds cell membrane Gives cell structure and supportGives cell structure and support
ChloroplastChloroplast Perform photosynthesis-convert light energy Perform photosynthesis-convert light energy
into ATP (usable energy)into ATP (usable energy)
Much larger vacuolesMuch larger vacuoles
VideoVideo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNyq4Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNyq4A08mTo&feature=results_main&playnext=108mTo&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL8377204CFFB760B0&list=PL8377204CFFB760B0
ReferencesReferences
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structurhttp://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.htmles.html
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes1http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes1.htm.htm
http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.htmlhttp://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html