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The Cell and Cell StructuresHow are cells structured to do the “right” thing?
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Do not have a nucleus or
membrane bound organelles Example: bacteria
Eukaryotes Have a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles Example: animal and plant cells
Structure of Eukaryotes Both plant and animal cells have:
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria
Only plant cells also have: Cell wall Chloroplasts
Cell membrane Regulates what enters and leaves the cell Flexible barrier Protects and supports cell
cell membrane
Cytoplasm (cytosol) where the cell structures rest where most of the reactions
for the life are carried out
cytoplasm
Nucleus Control center of cell Contains most of the cell’s
DNA (coded instructions
for making proteins)
nucleus
Ribosomes “Factory” for making proteins Assembles proteins based
on coded instructions
in the DNA
ribosomes
Mitochondria “Power plants” of cell Convert chemical energy
stored in food into form
the cell can use
mitochondria
Structure of Eukaryotes Both plant and animal cells have:
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria
Only plant cells also have: Cell wall Chloroplasts
Cell wall Strong supporting layer around the cell
membrane Supports, shapes and
protects the cell Porous
cell wall
Chloroplasts Solar power plants Capture energy from
sunlight and convert it
into food that contains
chemical energy Site of photosynthesis
chloroplast
Review1. Explain the role of the cell membrane.2. Where in the cell is most of the cell’s DNA
found?3. What two organelles convert energy into a
usable form in a plant cell?4. Explain how the ribosomes act like factories
in a cell. 5. Identify two ways to tell an animal cell apart
from a plant cell.