THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

PRECEDENCE FOR CHANGE

Longstanding calls for reform

Conciliar movement revived

Fifth Lateran Council -1512-1517

Council of Pisa -1511

Pope Julius II

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

CATHOLIC RESPONSES

Reform & reaction

Council of Trent (1545)

• upheld central papal authority

Charles V pushes for new council

• vowed to reform abuses & corruption

• upheld doctrine

Condemnation of Luther for heresy

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

CATHOLIC RESPONSES

Religious Resurgence

Renewed seriousness & piety

New religious orders

• Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Missionary work

Charity work

Pope Paul III

St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)

St. Vincent de Paul (1580-1660)

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

CATHOLIC RESPONSES

The Counter Crusade

Missionary campaign against Protestantism

Censorship & propaganda

Pope as referee between Calvin & Luther

Caricature of Calvin

Seven-headed LutherLuther and Lucifer

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

CATHOLIC RESPONSES

The Counter Crusade

Judicial & police machinery

• Episcopal courts

• Inquisitions

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

RELIGION & THE STATE

Government determined religion of population

Apparatus of state used to enforce religious belief

Most powerful states = Catholic