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PHRASES, SENTENCE TYPES, & CAPITALIZATION/PUNCTUATION
“The Cask of Amontillado”, by Edgar Allen Poe
A SENTENCE is…
A group of words with a subject and a predicate which expresses a complete thought.
A SUBJECT is the object that is doing the action. Including all of the describing words and
phrases A PREDICATE is the action.
Including all of the describing words and phrases
A wrong / is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser.
“A wrong” is the SUBJECT- it’s the thing doing the action (being “unredressed”)
“…is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser,” is the PREDICATE, the action.
“unredressed” means uncorrected.
A “fragment”
Is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.
“when retribution overtakes its redresser”
Why is this a fragment?
A run-on…
Is two or more complete sentences running together without punctuation.
Edgar Allen Poe wrote The Cask of Amontillado he also wrote The Raven which is a poem a poem is a text that sometimes rhymes and contains meter or measured rhythm not all poems have to rhyme.
Eeek! Can you even take a breath?
A phrase…
A group of words, without a subject and a verb, that functions in a sentence as one part of speech.
There are 7 types of phrases… Prepositional Adjective Adverb Appositive Participial Gerund Infinitive
A Clause is…
A group of words with a subject and a verb.
There are 2 types of clauses:INDEPENDENT SUBORDINATE
HAS A SUBJECT AND A VERB AND CAN STAND
BY ITSELF AS A COMPLETE SENTENCE.
“I can stand on my own two feet…”
HAS A SUBJECT AND A VERB BUT CANNOT
STAND BY ITSELF AS A COMPLETE SENTENCE.
“…with my feet helping me balance.”
4 Structures of Sentences
Simple- a single independent clause.
Compound- 2 or more independent clauses.
Complex- One independent clause and one subordinate clause
Compound-Complex- Two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.
Simple Sentence- a single independent clause.
EXAMPLE
These orders were sufficient.
An independent clause is…A group of words that has a subject ad a verb and can stand on its own
as a sentence.
Compound- 2 or more independent clauses.
EXAMPLE
The wine sparkled in his eyes and the bells jingled.
The wine sparkled in his eyes.The bells jingled.
Both clauses can be combined into one sentence OR stand on their own as
two sentences.
Complex- One independent clause and one subordinate clause
EXAMPLE
My own fancy grew warm with the Médoc.
My own fancy grew warm… (is an independent clause because it can
stand on its own)
…with the Médoc. (is a subordinate clause because it doesn’t make any
sense when it stands on its own)
Compound-Complex- Two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.
EXAMPLE
I hastened to make an end of my labor, so I forced the last stone into position
plastering it up.
I hastened to make an end of my labor…I forced the last stone into position…
…plastering it up.
Both are independent clauses and can stand on their own.
Is a subordinate clause because it does not make sense on its own.
For each piece of text underlined, can you identify if it is an
INDEPENDENT or SUBORDINATE clause?
It was about dusk, one
evening during the supreme
madness of the carnival season,
that I encountered my friend. He
accosted me with great warmth,
for he had been drinking much.
1 2
3
4
1.Independent
2.Subordinate
3. Independent
4. Subordinate
For each sentence, can you identify the sentence type?
I took from their sconces two
flambeaux, and giving one to Fortunato
bowed him through several suites of
rooms to the archway that led into the
vaults. I passed down a long and
winding staircase, requesting him to be
cautious as he followed.
Re-write this paragraph by changing the types of
sentence. There were no attendants at home; they
had absconded to make merry in honour of
the time. I had told them that I should not
return until the morning and had given them
explicit orders not to stir from the house.
These orders were sufficient, I well knew, to
insure their immediate disappearance , one
and all, as soon as my back was turned.