The Canon Frontier 2015-2016downloads.canon.com/.../canon-frontier-2015-2016.pdf · THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016 ... Home, Office and Industry. With the aim of developing new, one-of-a-kind

THE CANON

FRONTIER2015/2016

Focus on Technology and R&D

THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016

Contents

Technologies Supporting Canon ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 3

Cover Story: Roundtable Discussion Between Professional Photographers and Engineers

From Tool to Partner —Supporting Professionals Through Innovative Technology ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 5

Canon is Opening Up New Technological Frontiers

Supporting Industry and Manufacturing

Mixed Reality ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 13

3-D Machine Vision ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 17

Nanoimprint Lithography ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 19

Commercial Digital Printing ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 21

Supporting Medical Care and Health

DR (Digital Radiography) and OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 23

Terahertz Imaging / Photoacoustic Tomography ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 25

Supporting Safety and Security

Network Cameras ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 27

Cutting-Edge CMOS Sensors ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 29

Leveraging Advanced Technologies for Society

TMT Extremely Large Telescope ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 33

Tsuzuri Project ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 35

Material Appearance-Acquisition and Output Technology ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 36

Supporting the Global Canon Brand

Canon Design ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 39

Intellectual Property Activities ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 43

Global R&D ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 45

2THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016

Creating Something NewGiving Birth to InnovationNew dreams are realized through new technologies. Canon, through its corporate DNA

with an emphasis on technology, has created unprecedented value by merging a diverse

range of ideas and technologies. The source of these amazing and impressive technologies

derives from the passion and vision of the company’s engineers, who embrace seemingly

impossible challenges. By venturing into unexplored fields and creating technological

innovation, Canon aims to contribute to enriching the lives of people around the world.

THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016 2

3 THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016 THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016

Digital SLR cameras

Production systemsAssembly technologies

Measuring and inspection technologies

Processing technologiesProcess and production equipment technologies

Automation

Imaging elementsDisplay elementsMiniaturization

MEMS technology

Optical materialsToners and inks

Electronic materialsMedical and bio materialsHigh-functional materials

Nano materials

Operating system and middleware

IPControllers

Cloud computingLSI and PKGSubstrates

Communication technologies

Production engineering technologies

Material technologies

Device technologies

Software and hardware

engineering

Innovative Technologies that Support Lifestyles, Business and Industry

Compact photo printers

Image scanners

Digital compact cameras

Professional photo inkjet printers

Digital SLR cameras for professional use Ophthalmic equipment

Digital cinema cameras

Digital radiography systems

Broadcast equipment

Connect Station

Interchangeable lenses

Inkjet printers

Displays for professional use

Technologies Supporting Canon

Home

Digital video camcorders for professional use

Professional

Digital camcorders

Compact system cameras

THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016 4THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016

Optical designOptical measurement

Optical elementsOptical theory

Optical analysis

Image-formation processesOptimal design of modules and

systems

Mechanical designMechanical control

Precision equipment operation and controlMechatronic devices

High-quality image processing

Image processing and editing

Image codingImage information

processing

Optical technologies

Printing technologies

Image communication

technologies

Machine and control

technologies

Over the course of Canon’s more than 70 year history, prioritizing technology has been a part of the company's corporate DNA and represents the source of Canon's innovative technologies. The unique core technologies that the company has cultivated over the years have led to the creation of eight fields of R&D, which include optical technologies and image communication technologies. The company is engaged in business activities for products and services in four major areas of use: Professional, Home, Office and Industry. With the aim of developing new, one-of-a-kind technologies and products, Canon combines the creativity of its engineers with the company's core technologies to create never-before-seen value.

3-D machine vision systems

Industrial cameras

Network cameras

Semiconductor lithography equipment

Color label / Color card printers

Commercial photo printers

High-speed, continuous-feed printers

Handy terminals

Die bonders

Multimedia projectors

Toner cartridges

Cloud-based document services

Laser multifunction printers

Small office / home office inkjet printers

Large-format inkjet printers

Laser printers

Facsimile machines

Office multifunction devices

Document scanners

Flat panel display lithography equipment

Organic LED (OLED) panel manufacturing equipment

Components

Calculators

Solution software

Core technologies

Vacuum thin-film deposition equipment

Office

IndustryMixed reality (MR) systems

Digital production printing systems

R&D fields


The “Shock” of Shooting at 12 Frames per Second—The Performance Demands of Sports Photography

Hayao Ozu: What I’d like to do today is hear your professional views on the technology incorporated in our cameras and printers. Mr. Mizutani, as a sports photographer, could you start by telling us what kind of performance you find important in a camera?

Takahito Mizutani: Autofocus (AF) technology is exceptionally important in sports photography. In that regard, the EOS-1D X is, without doubt, great in its ability to instantaneously capture subjects. The responsiveness of a camera’s AF system is critical when you’re trying to capture and “freeze” fast movement. With the EOS-1D X capable of shooting up to 12 frames per second, I always get the exact instant I wanted to capture, so it gives me just what I need. I was floored by the 12 frame-per-second continuous shooting. It really stimulates my photographic senses.

Ozu: Well, we’ve just heard praise for our fast and smooth AF technology. Mr. Hiramatsu, what did you particularly focus on when developing the camera?

Makoto Hiramatsu: Based on the concepts of high speed, ease of use and high image quality, we place great emphasis during the

development process on giving shape to everything that users look for in a camera. Looking at our camera technologies, first there’s the lens, through which light enters the camera; then our proprietary CMOS sensor, which captures light and converts it into signals; and then the DIGIC image processor, which processes the signals.

Achieving high image quality requires both low noise as well as high resolution. In particular, the large per-pixel surface area of 35 mm full-frame CMOS sensors realizes higher image quality with lower noise. It is also effective in fully drawing out the performance of Canon lenses.

Further evolution of smooth, high-speed focusing was enabled through Dual Pixel CMOS AF technology, which utilizes a new CMOS sensor structure.

Advanced Technology Also Packed Into Lenses

Ozu: Dual Pixel CMOS AF technology has improved upon the speed and ease-of-use aspects of video shooting, and also led to the Canon Cinema EOS System lineup of digital cinema cameras that are now used by movie directors in Hollywood, right? (See page 41.)

Mr. Mizutani, what's your assessment of Canon's inter-

Born in Tokyo in 1968. Sports photographer. Won second place in the Saalbach-Hinterglemm Alpine World Ski Championships International Photo Contest in 1991. Won the Association Japonaise de la Presse Sportive's Sports Photo Contest Association Prize in 1997. Member of the Association Japonaise de la Presse Sportive (AJPS) and Association Internationale de la Presse Sportive (AIPS).Official photographer for the Canon Eagles rugby team since 2012.

Sports Photographer

Takahito Mizutani

Born in Tokyo in 1967. Landscape photographer.Established Y-one Michiko Yone Photography Office in 2004. Creating expressive, dreamlike works, continues to take photos highlighting the beauty of Japanese forests and colorful landscapes. Became the first female recipient of the Shinzo Maeda Award in 2004 (12th Shinzo Maeda Awards). Member of the Japan Professional Photographers Society (JPS) and The Photographic Society of Japan (PSJ).

Landscape Photographer

Michiko Yone

Born in Tokyo in 1969. Wildlife photographer.Self-taught, having begun taking photos around age 26; became a freelance wildlife photographer in 2000.Capturing scenes of wild animals in their natural habitat, works have appeared in magazines, books and exhibits.Winner of The Photographic Society of Japan's Newcomer's Award in 2008. Grand prize winner of the 1st Nikkei National Geographic Photo Prize.

Wildlife Photographer

Takayuki Maekawa

EOS-1D X

Cover Story: Roundtable Discussion Between Professional Photographers and Engineers

From Tool to Partner —Supporting Professionals Through

Innovative Technology


Moderator

Hayao OzuRDT Strategic Center

Camera Development

Makoto HiramatsuImage Communication Products Operations

Lens Development

Shingo HayakawaImage Communication Products Operations

Inkjet Development

Hiroshi TajikaInkjet Products Operations

changeable lenses?

Mizutani: I’ve seen some huge advances in lenses, too. The first time that I held an EF400mm f/2.8L IS II USM, I was really surprised by how light it was compared to the previous model. Thanks to this lens, I can now get the shots that I’ve wanted to get. It's become a "partner" that I can't do without.

Shingo Hayakawa: At Canon, we make use of an optical simulator that was developed in-house when developing our EF lenses. In addition to the optical design of lenses, we use the simulator to evaluate the image quality of the overall product, including the sensors and image processing. The simulator also allows us to anticipate production variability during the design phase. Also, in terms of mechanical design, simulations performed during the design phase make possible lenses that are both robust and lightweight. Such simulation technologies enabled us to make the EF400mm f/2.8L IS II USM significantly lighter than other high-quality super telephoto lenses.

Canon has always aimed to achieve "world's firsts" and "world's bests." In staying true to this spirit, we’ve developed numerous distinctive lenses, including compact, lightweight DO lenses and a super telephoto zoom lens with a built-in extender.

Large Image Sensors Boost the Expressiveness of Photographs

Ozu: Ms. Yone, your works are known for their creative expression of the exquisite beauty and colors of Japanese natural scenery. What's your impression of Canon cameras and lenses?

Michiko Yone: The first time I used the EOS-1D X, I was able to feel just how good the image rendering was. There was a rainbow reflected on a thin sheet of ice. The delicacy of that thin sheet of ice, as well as the smooth gradation of the rainbow's colors and tones, were clearly visible. When we think about "high resolution" or "high image quality," we tend to think only about how many pixels there are. But it made me realize that image quality isn't just about numbers.

The camera also has a new function, the Digital Lens Optimizer, which reduces diffraction. It makes the borders of details very sharp. There used to be a kind of fuzzy, sluggish feel to some areas, but not anymore! It's a very welcome improvement.

High-Resolution, High-Quality Images Achieved Through Noise Reduction Technology

Ozu: I'm sure there were various challenges that had to be overcome in order to achieve high-resolution, high-quality images. Mr.


Hiramatsu, can you tell us about some of them?

Hiramatsu: Let's see. All right, here's one. Boosting the signal per pixel isn’t simply a matter of increasing the size of the sensor. We were able to secure a wide dynamic range for the sensor itself and significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio through fine processing technology within the CMOS sensor and by a reassessment of circuit technologies, including readout circuit noise-reduction technology.

Also, if you use noise-reduction processing to enhance sensitivity, you normally lose a significant amount of image detail. One of the main features of our CMOS sensor is that we were able to maintain functional image quality even at a standard ISO sensitivity of 51200. While it might sound easy, we ran into quite a few challenges along the way.

Lens Technology That Achieves Clear Rendering

Ozu: Ms. Yone, what do you think of EF lenses?

Yone: My first impression of the EF24-70mm f/2.8L II USM was its outstanding clarity. I really like the clear rendering you get. At the wide 24 mm end, you can get some really dynamic shots. And since the range extends to 70 mm, it can be used in a wide variety of situations and has the flexibility for use as a standard lens.

Ozu: Mr. Hayakawa, what do you think about this feedback we just heard from a professional photographer?

Hayakawa: As someone who was involved in the development of the lens, I'm delighted. In order to achieve high contrast and high

resolution imaging performance throughout the entire image area, we made effective use of high-precision aspherical elements, which comprehensively correct for phenomena commonly as-sociated with wide-angle lenses, including chromatic aberration as well as various aberrations that affect peripheral image quality. Also, through improved coating technology, we were able to thor-oughly suppress flares and ghosting which, in combination with the correction of aberrations, made possible the “outstanding clarity” that was just mentioned.

SWC coating, Canon-original technology developed to further improve imaging performance, makes use of countless nanostruc-tures aligned on the lens surface to minimize reflections at various angles of incidence.

CMOS Sensor

In addition to CMOS sensors for use in its commercial digital cameras, Canon also develops CMOS sensors that realize ultra-high sensitivity, ultra-high resolution imaging performance. The company successfully developed an approximately 20 cm square CMOS sensor that is among the largest in the world as well as an ultra-high-resolution approximately 120 megapixel CMOS sensor with pixels measuring 2.2 μm square.

"Canon cameras and lenses are just amazing.Focusing is instantaneous."

— Takahito Mizutani

Dual Pixel CMOS AF

This autofocusing technology uses a new CMOS sensor on which all of the effective pixels are able to perform both imaging and phase-difference autofocusing. Dual Pixel CMOS AF dramatically improves AF performance during Live View shooting and when shooting movies while also enabling exceptional tracking performance.

Photo by Takahito Mizutani



The Evolution of Lenses Focused on the Stars

Ozu: Canon lenses have really evolved, but changing the focus here a little, so to speak, did you know that our lens technology is now reaching for the stars? We made use of the optical technologies we’ve cultivated for our semiconductor and flat-panel display lithography equipment to create large-diameter aspherical lenses. The measurement technology employed for these aspherical lenses was also adopted for the prime-focus corrector lens system installed in the Subaru Telescope located on Hawaii Island. But the culmination of these technologies is reflected in the production of the primary mirror for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), which was announced in the autumn of 2014 and is an undertaking that Canon is supporting. (See page 33.)

So, what do you think? Professional photographers like you have some pretty impressive skills, but Canon's technological

innovation is pretty impressive too, don't you think? (Laughs)

Able to Withstand Extreme Conditions—Photo Equipment for All Seasons

Ozu: Now, here's a question for Mr. Maekawa. As a wildlife

photographer, you always seem to be shooting under extreme conditions. What’s that like?

Takayuki Maekawa: With wildlife photography, you encounter all sorts of shooting environments. Just getting close to the animal itself can be a challenge. Conditions can be arctic, with temperatures several dozen degrees below freezing, or you can find yourself in the blazing heat of an equatorial rain forest. We’re talking about differences in temperature of around 80ºC (176ºF) depending on the shoot, so the photographic equipment we use has to be able to withstand extreme conditions. I can only take equipment with me on a shoot that I know I can rely on. And it’s thanks to the evolution of the equipment that I’m able to create new work that wouldn’t have been possible in the past.

DO (Diffractive Optics) Lenses

DO lenses utilize the opposing chromatic dispersion patterns of diffractive and refractive optical systems to cancel out chromatic aberration. They make possible significant reductions in both the size and weight of telephoto lenses. The DO lens system employs a multi-layer structure that combines lens elements with diffraction gratings on the lens surface that are bonded next to each other in close proximity.

"The lenses faithfully render what I see when I’m shooting, and the realistic texture in the prints are just amazing."

— Michiko Yone

Photo by Michiko Yone

Segment of the TMT multi-segment primary mirror

Cover Story

Lens with Built-in Extender

This high-image-quality telephoto zoom lens features a built-in extender—a secondary lens that is normally attached between the master lens and the camera. The innovation lets users easily extend the focal length range from 200–400 mm to 280–560 mm in one easy operation without having to change lenses.



Digital Lens Optimizer

The Digital Lens Optimizer is an innovative function that realizes ideal optical characteristics for RAW images by compensating for lens aberration and other effects that can negatively affect photo data. Factors that contribute to optical image deterioration as light passes through the lens to the imaging element are converted into mathematical functions (optical transfer functions), and corrected for through the application of inverse functions.

Ozu: So you shoot in some pretty harsh environments. Mr. Hayakawa, in terms of developing cameras that professional photographers can depend on, what kind of efforts does Canon carry out?

Hayakawa: During development, we always keep in mind that photo opportunities can occur at any time, regardless of the shooting environment. Many of our super telephoto lenses and L (Luxury) lenses offer protection against dust and moisture at joints and moving parts, like lens rings and buttons. But that’s not all. We also conduct rigorous quality, strength and durability testing that assumes long-term use. Through stringent quality control, which includes the ability to withstand most any environment, we aim to ensure that each and every lens can deliver its optimal performance.

Printing Technologies That Reproduce the Texture and Gradation of Film Photography

Ozu: Our discussion so far has focused on cameras and lenses, so now I'd like to move on to output devices. Ms. Yone, what's your assessment of Canon's professional printers?

Yone: When I used the PIXMA PRO-1, I thought the prints conveyed depth and a realistic feeling quite well. Looking at the richness of the textures, gradations and tones, they were expressed very realistically in the prints. I was very satisfied with the results.

Hiroshi Tajika: Why, thank you very much. I was in charge of development, so I’m delighted to hear such feedback. During the development of the PIXMA PRO series, we met repeatedly with professional photographers. Each time, they told us that they wouldn't consider any inkjet output to be a "photo" unless it realized the same image quality as silver-halide (film) photographs. So, we had to ask ourselves how we could do this. We found a clue in the passion that professional photographers have for black and white photography. We thoroughly examined black and white photos and translated what we found through our research into digital

imaging technology. Five out of the twelve ink colors used in the PIXMA PRO-1 are different shades of black. This enables improved black density and glossiness for higher-quality monochrome prints, and also led to improved color stability. I don't think a person seeing a print for the first time would be able to tell it apart from a silver-halide (film) photograph.

Yone: You know, it expands the breadth of the creative process.

Tajika: Actually, the PIXMA PRO line doesn’t just achieve high image quality. It also supports printing on different kinds of paper, such as Japanese washi paper, should a photographer feel such paper fits the image that he or she had in mind of the work. This isn’t something that could easily be done with silver-halide photographs. So, I think this printer makes creating highly artistic, fine-art photos more accessible.

Ozu: You're also carrying out development that is unique to Canon, right?

Tajika: One of the things that distinguishes Canon is that we have camera, printer and display product technologies. And we carry out various initiatives that allow us to leverage these strengths. For example, Canon cameras incorporate a program called Picture Style. Beginning with new products launched in 2015, we’ve added technology that coordinates the camera’s color data, which is carefully adjusted in accordance with each set of shooting conditions, with the printer. At Canon, we place great importance on delivering a consistent input-to-output workflow. We believe the photos that are output represent the crystallization of, or the final form realized through, the combination of these various technologies.

Ozu: And, you know, we also have imagePROGRAF-series large-format inkjet printers capable of printing on media up to 60 inches in width, as well as the DreamLabo 5000 commercial photo printer.

Tajika: Yes, that's right. The imagePROGRAF printers are equipped with the L-COA image processor, a dedicated chip that enables

"I will only take equipment with me on a shoot if I know I can rely on it. And I believe that it’s thanks to the evolution of the equipment that I’m able to create new work that wouldn’t have been possible in the past."

— Takayuki Maekawa

PIXMA PRO-1

SWC (Subwavelength Structure Coating)

This innovative coating technology makes us of countless wedge-shaped nanostructures, which are smaller than the wavelength of visible light, aligned on the lens surface to control the reflection of light from all angles by continuously changing the refractive index of light. The special coating effectively minimizes the occurrence of flare and ghosting.



FINE (Full-photolithography Inkjet Nozzle Engineering)

FINE technology enables both high image quality and fast print speed through the precise ejection of microscopic ink droplets while ensuring that all the ink under the heater is cleanly expelled with each ejection. FINE, a core technology, is widely employed in a range of Canon printers, from consumer models to those for commercial use.

1-pl nozzle

5-pl nozzle

Approx. 9 μm in diameter

2-pl nozzle

faster performance in everything from image processing to printer control, making possible high-quality, high-resolution output even during large-format printing. The top-of-the-line models in the series, which satisfy professional needs for high color-performance and color-stability through the Canon-developed LUCIA 12-color pigment ink system, are used in a wide range of applications, including the production of photographic art, design comps, proofs, commercial posters and displays. And I think we’ll continue to see inkjet printers evolve in the future. Photographs are two-dimensional reproductions of a three-dimensional world. Professional photographers, however, want photos that look more three dimensional, and I'm sure they’d like to create textures that would make a person want to reach out and touch it. We’d like to use our technology to create the ultimate in photo expression.

The Infinitely Expanding Potential of Canon Imaging Technology

Ozu: Today, we had the opportunity to get valuable input from professional photographers. I once again feel that, to continue making products that are worthy of praise by professionals, we need to embrace challenges and verify our work.

Mizutani: And, as for us, we learned that Canon technology is being applied not just in camera products, but in a range of different fields, and is spreading throughout the community.

Ozu: In terms of how Canon technologies are being applied, I should mention that they’re even being used in the realm of social-contribution activities. Take our Tsuzuri Project, for example. This initiative makes use of Canon input, color-matching and output technologies to create high-resolution facsimiles of precious Japanese cultural assets, like decorative folding screens and sliding

doors. This program not only helps to preserve the original cultural assets, but also allows the high-resolution reproductions to be utilized for various purposes. (See page 35.)

Yone: Based on Canon's passion for high image quality, I'm sure that there will be some very impressive reproductions left for prosperity.

Ozu: At Canon, we’d like to make imaging, which plays such an important role in our daily lives, richer and even more enjoyable. Thank you all for your time today.

imagePROGRAF iPF8400

Photo by Takayuki Maekawa

Cover Story

Print Head With Enlarged View of Nozzle Configuration

DreamLabo 5000

This commercial photo printer features a special print head cable of one-pass printing on print media measuring more than 30 cm wide. A seven-color dye-based ink system that includes gray enables the rich and translucent expression of light blues, yellows and other color ranges, as well as subtle gradations when printing monochrome photos.


THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/201611 THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016

Canon is Opening Up New Technological FrontiersCanon has achieved countless new innovations not only through technological integration,

fusion and synergies, but also through technological breakthroughs. Canon is now

focusing on heretofore unexplored fields, such as manufacturing, the frontlines of

business, medical care and security. The Company is innovating and creating new value in

order to contribute to the development of industry and the enrichment of peoples' lives.


THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016 THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/2016 12

Industry

Medical

Safety



Merging the Real World With Realistic CG Images to Transform “Seeing” into “Experiencing”————————————————

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are used in the devices we use every day, like computers and smartphones. Hopes are high for mixed reality (MR), a new technology with the potential to revolutionize manufacturing processes.

MR seamlessly merges the real world with CG images in real time. The computer-generated images are highly realistic, creating the illusion that they actually exist in front of the viewer. When the viewer approaches such images, they grow larger. When the viewer backs away, he is able to take in the entire scene. And since objects can be viewed from any angle, MR creates a sense of complete virtual reality-like immersion.

The Introduction of the MR SystemLaunching the Compact, Lightweight, High-Image-Quality MREAL System————————————————

Canon’s MR technology was established through years of research and development. The commercialization of the technology as a business began with the launch of MREAL in 2012.

Canon’s MREAL System consists of a head-mounted display (HMD), underlying middleware, application software and various sensors. When users put on the HMD and view the built-in displays, video cameras positioned at the left and right eyes capture video of the user’s surroundings, which is sent to a computer via a controller and

combined with CG images. The result is a mixed-reality world that users can experience in full scale.

Users can walk beside and behind the virtual objects that appear in their surroundings, and the system even allows multiple users to experience the same space at the same time.

The Free-Form Prism That is the Key to the HMD's Compact Size————————————————

The Canon HMD’s most impressive feature, its compact size and light weight, was achieved through a free-form prism. The use of a compact free-form prism creates a space within the HMD that enables the optimal placement of the video cameras, producing a natural viewing experience that is no different from seeing with the naked eye.

Furthermore, positioning is another important factor in achieving the seamless merging of the real-world and CG images. Canon’s proprietary markers, which are attached in advance to real-world objects, enable the MREAL System to perform three-dimensional positioning measurements. The company developed technologies that combine various sensors to accurately measure the positioning and orientation of the HMD while it is worn by a user, using this information to ensure images are displayed properly.

Mixed Reality

MREAL: Revolutionizing Manufacturing Processes

Transforming “seeing” into “experiencing,” Mixed Reality (MR) technology merges the real world with virtual, computer-generated (CG) images in real time to create a new “mixed” reality. Canon’s MREAL (pronounced em ree-AL) System is already supporting design and production processes in the manufacturing and construction industries.

MREAL HM-A1


Canon's Solutions Business Employs MREAL at Manufacturing Sites————————————————

MREAL is not just changing the way we communicate with each other. It is also beginning to contribute to manufacturing processes.

In the automobile industry, for example, mixed-reality imaging is being used to confirm vehicle dimensions before prototypes are even created. This technology not only assists with the design of steering wheels, gauges, gearshifts, accelerators and other parts, but also makes it possible to visualize the results of air-resistance simulations and other tests. MREAL can also help to lower costs by such means as reducing rework during the design process and the number of man-hours required for manufacturing preparation.

MREAL is also being used in the architectural design field, allowing

users to employ realistic, full-scale simulations that create the feeling of actually being inside of a building. This enables the confirmation of such aspects as ceiling height and the amount of light a room receives. In this way, the technology is increasingly being used to share design concepts at the design stage.

Of particular note is the Canon MREAL’s proposal-based business model, which enables the tailoring of not only the system’s hardware and software, but also its applications and content based on user objectives and needs. Canon offers solutions that can be used across a wide range of fields, such as the construction, architecture and automotive industries.


MREAL: Enabling Customers to Tour Homes Prior to Their Construction

Any home buyer would jump at the chance to “try out” their new house before it is built, similar to how they would try on clothes or test drive a car before purchasing. Daiwa House Industry’s TRY-Ie Lab, a showroom located at the company’s Tokyo head office, enables customers to do just that. The showroom includes a virtual-reality studio that utilizes Canon’s MREAL System to create virtual-reality versions of Daiwa House homes for individual customers, aligning the movements of customers with the computer-generated images displayed in the HMD. Customers can experience walking around inside a virtual house as if it actually existed, experiencing first-hand the size of the rooms and color schemes used in their interiors.

Connecting Customer Feedback with Home Purchases

“Our virtual-reality studio is designed to allow couples and families to walk through virtual homes together," said TRY-Ie Lab Director Yuri Takase.

"Customers say that it feels like they're actually living in the

CASE STUDY Daiwa House Industry—TRY-Ie Lab x MREAL

Using MREAL to Simulate Life in a Custom Home

houses, because with MREAL, they can see their own children running around inside. One of the major advantages of using MREAL is that it enables customers to discuss potential issues, such as ceiling height and wall color."

Ms. Takase expressed her satisfaction with the customer feedback, saying that some described the experience as being "clear and informative" as well as "fun." She looks forward to the further evolution of MREAL as an important tool for communicating with customers.

Yuri Takase Director, TRY-Ie Lab

Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd.

Families experience their ideal homes using MREAL technology Customers experience the feeling of walking through potential homes


MR Technology Began as a Collaboration Between Industry and Academia Canon Pursues Video Technology Innovations————————————————

Canon began development of MR technology in January 1997 with the establishment of the Mixed Reality Systems Laboratory Inc., working together with the former Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry.

Canon continuously pursues innovations in video technology. Based on the strong potential offered by MR technology, which integrates the real and virtual worlds, the company created a prototype system for industrial use. Canon’s development division further refined the system based on feedback from companies that borrowed prototypes. Although the decision was made to commercialize this technology in 2007, which is when the overall product configuration took shape, Canon faced many hurdles that had to be overcome prior to the product's launch in 2012.

Achieving High Resolution in a Compact, Lightweight DesignBreakthroughs Lead to Commercialization of the MR System ————————————————

One challenge faced by the company was making the system’s head-mounted display (HMD) compact and lightweight. The initial model, the MREAL HM-A1, weighed just 640 grams and featured optimal weight distribution, enabling users to wear it for 30 minutes without tiring.

The HMD’s compact size is made possible by a free-form prism developed by Canon. Because typical optical systems consist of spherical lenses and other optical components aligned in a straight line, they jut outward, which would sacrifice balance in an HMD. Canon’s uniquely shaped free-form prism, however, folds the optical path, reducing the degree to which the device extends in front. By employing the prism, the MREAL System’s HMD realizes a sleek body design that is both compact and lightweight.

When developing the HMD, there was another major challenge that had to be overcome: gathering enough information to design a HMD that is comfortable to wear. During the mechanical design process, Canon collected a large data sample of head shapes of people of various races and ages. The product development team also visited a helmet manufacturer to gather such information as positive and

negative comfort factors, and gravitational center positioning. As no two people have heads that are the same shape and size, the development team continued searching for the ideal HMD form that would offer a comfortable fit for all users.

High Positioning AccuracyProducing Images Comparable to Those Seen With the Naked Eye————————————————

A computer-generated flower vase won't look realistic if it floats in the air or sinks into a table. Accurate positioning is essential to seamlessly merge real-world and computer-generated images, which is a long-standing challenge faced when developing MR technology.

Canon’s software design team solved this problem by developing proprietary markers. The HMD’s cameras capture these markers, which can be attached to walls, floors and elsewhere, enabling the system to accurately determine the user’s location and orientation. Furthermore, the markers are used together with gyro sensors and other technologies to achieve a high level of positioning accuracy.

The HMD employs two cameras and two display panels, each located in front of the wearer’s eyes, and performs high-speed data processing, assisted by a computer. Image data captured by the cameras is sent to the computer, which then transmits video merging the real-world images and computer graphics back to the HMD. A major challenge, however, was ensuring that video lag would not occur when transmitting the electrical signals. The development team was especially concerned about transmission loss caused by using the long 10-meter cable that connects the HMD to the computer. As a solution, the electrical design team devised a high-efficiency electrical control circuit that made possible lag-free video transmission.

Using MR in the Installation of Train Safety DoorsExpanding the Potential of MREAL————————————————

Before launching the MREAL System, Canon performed comprehensive testing based on applications in the B-to-B field. The system was tested under actual usage conditions to confirm its ability to withstand various applications. For example, a rail company used MREAL to investigate the placement of safety doors on a train station platform. Safety doors

Developing the MREAL System: Turning a Dream into Reality

Transforming Mixed Reality Technology into the MREAL System

A simplified diagram of the portion of the MREAL HM-A1 HMD positioned in front of the user's eyes. In contrast to conventional head-mounted display systems, which tend to be bulky in front of the user's eyes, the MREAL’s HMD employs a free-form prism to achieve a compact, lightweight body design, enabling a natural-feeling video experience

MREAL HM-A1

MREAL HH-A1



are used to prevent passengers from falling off the platform, collisions between trains and waiting passengers, and other accidents. Wearing HMDs, station personnel were able to confirm whether the safety doors would create any blind spots, checking safety and usability before actual construction even began.

Canon commercialized the MREAL brand in 2012. The engineering team worked to create a high-quality, high-performance product that could endure rough handling during the design of automobiles and manufacturing equipment, as well as when used on-location at construction and architectural sites. A wide range of industries have expressed interest in using the MREAL System.

Although the members of the MREAL engineering team have differing opinions about the future outlook of the system, all agree that it is essential that they pursue a creative vision that never falls behind that of users. MREAL has just taken the first step toward its great future potential.

Why are MREAL's markers hexagonal? It is because hexagons are a more easily recognizable shape when viewed at an angle than circles or squares. Hexagons can also be displayed in closer proximity than other shapes without wasted space. MREAL determines the HMD’s positioning in a very simple way. Before using MR technology, the video cameras mounted inside the HMD capture the markers distributed in the real-world environment. This marker data then undergoes image processing to gauge the positioning and orientation of the user. The system uses this information to create composite images based on the movements of the user, displaying the mixed-reality video to the user in real-time.

MREAL Markers

Photo courtesy of Frontier Service Development Laboratory, JR East Group Research and Development Center

Engineers involved in MREAL development




In April 2014, with the release of the RV1100 3-D Machine Vision System, Canon entered the 3-D machine vision market, an industry that offers high growth potential. The system is capable of rapidly and accurately measuring the location and orientation of parts in three dimensions, supporting the automation and acceleration of production lines for parts provisioning.

Canon's 3-D Machine Vision: Providing Industrial Robots with 3-D Recognition Capabilities

3-D Machine Vision

part for use by robots, efforts to streamline and automate production lines reached a bottleneck.

Canon's 3-D machine vision system can help to resolve this issue. Machine vision refers to the use of industrial image sensors. The most common form of machine vision currently in use is 2-D machine vision, which has difficulty in identifying the positioning and orientation of randomly piled parts. As such, Canon developed the RV1100, a machine vision system capable of the high-speed, high-accuracy three-dimensional recognition of objects. By enabling a robotic arm to pick up individual items which have been randomly piled, the system enables the automation of parts supply on production lines, a task that conventionally had to be performed manually.

RV1100 3-D Machine Vision System

Using 3-D Machine Vision to Solve Issues Faced by Production Sites————————————————

Robots play an essential role in the manufacturing industry, such as in production lines for automobiles and automobile components. Some tasks, however, prove too difficult even for robots to perform. One such task is the selection of individual parts from randomly piled parts in a box or pallet.

The industrial sector often makes use of relatively large components that are randomly piled. Because workers must first reposition each

● Usage Example: Automobile Manufacturer

Press parts randomly assembled on a pallet are picked up and supplied to the welding process

3-D machine vision head

Randomly piled parts B

Randomly piled parts C

Robotic picking arm

Welding robotWelding robot

Randomly piled parts A

1

2

3

4

5


Easy Installation, Enhanced Productivity ————————————————

Enabling the three-dimensional recognition of objects, the RV1100 projects image-recognition patterns on to parts and then analyzes images of the resulting patterns. The system’s three-dimensional recognition capabilities are made possible by using multiple projection patterns to analyze the images.

Conventional 3-D machine vision systems often prove difficult to install because of the importance of the positional relationship between the pattern projector and image sensor, which must be carefully calibrated to achieve high levels of precision. Canon's 3-D machine vision system, however, incorporates both the pattern projector and imaging sensor in a single unit, enabling installation without the need for difficult calibration adjustments. The lightweight, compact design enables easy installation without having to modify or move production lines. In addition, it features a dust- and water-resistant body design, making the system easy to maintain once installed.


The RV1100 takes only approximately 2.5 seconds to recognize randomly piled parts and transmit data to the robotic arm's controller unit. The system helps to accelerate the parts supply process

● 3-D Machine Vision System Workflow

High-Speed, High-Precision 3-D Recognition of Various Parts————————————————

Canon’s 3-D machine vision system delivers unrivalled recognition precision. Users can easily register part data into the system by inputting CAD data for components with curved surfaces, components with few distinguishing features, or those with complex shapes, and by capturing images of the parts randomly assembled in a pile. Using a new approach that matches CAD data with not only distance measurement data but also gray-scale images, the system is able to recognize a wide range of parts and enables users to easily register new parts or modify existing parts without the need for complex programming.

The RV1100 combines a 3-D machine vision head with recognition software to perform three-dimensional object recognition, and sends this control data to the robotic arm. Robots produced by major global robotic manufacturers support this control data, delivering a high level of flexibility for integrating the system into existing facilities. The RV1100

conforms to regulations in Japan, the EU and EFTA (European Free Trade Association), the U.S., South Korea, and China, allowing manufacturers to employ the system at their overseas operations as well.

Canon is working to promote sales for the system and has already received inquiries from manufacturers in not only the automobile industry, but also the electronics, metal products, resin and chemical industries. As a leader in the 3-D machine vision market, the company will continue to actively pursue product development, aiming to achieve further improvements that enable the handling of parts that are both smaller and larger in scale than those currently handled by the system.

Dictionary3D CAD

data

Programming pendant

Robotic picking arm

Robot controller unit

(1) Pattern projection (2) Distance measurement

Randomly piled parts

(4) Determination of part graspability

(3) Part detection (5) Data transmission3D CAD model fitting

Part location and orientation measurement results

(1) Various patterns are projected onto randomly piled parts

(2) The distance between the randomly piled parts and the sensor is measured

(3) A pre-registered pattern dictionary and 3D CAD models are used to recognize part positioning and orientation

(4) The system determines if the robot hand can grasp the part without making contact with other parts

(5) Data is sent to the robot controller unit


● The History of Semiconductor Miniaturization

Overcoming Technical Limitations Through New Technologies————————————————

Semiconductor chips are an essential part of the products we use every day, from home appliances to automobiles and smartphones. The evolution of semiconductor chips has progressed hand in hand with the miniaturization of circuit patterns. The key to this miniaturization has been shortening light-source wavelengths and developing lithography technologies that contribute to further miniaturization.

In the early 1990s, Canon introduced its i-line (365 nm wavelength) steppers, making possible 350 nm resolution for a variety of imaging applications. Later, new shorter wavelength light sources such as KrF lasers and ArF lasers were developed, efforts that culminated with the development in 2005 of an argon fluoride (ArF) immersion lithography system capable of 39 nm-resolution patterning. Since that time, however, no further progress has been made, suggesting that miniaturization had reached its technological limit.

As an alternative to conventional approaches to realizing circuit miniaturization, Canon set its sights on nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Nanoimprint lithography, which can achieve line widths of a mere 15 nm, has the potential to significantly reduce production costs for device manufacturers, and is poised to revolutionize the semiconductor industry.

Out of the Lab and into the Realm of Practical Application————————————————

Unlike traditional lithography technology, which makes use of light to etch circuit patterns, nanoimprint lithography (NIL) fabricates nanometer-scale patterns by bringing the nano-pattern mold into direct contact with the resist material on the substrate surface. In essence,

Photolithography uses light to etch circuit patterns on the surface of silicon wafers. This technology, which has served as the mainstream semiconductor lithography equipment for half a century, is undergoing a transformation, moving toward the next-generation technology of nanoimprint lithography. Making use of its high-speed, high-accuracy wafer stages and precision-alignment systems, technologies that Canon has developed for its semiconductor lithography equipment, the company is working to become the first in the world to mass produce next-generation semiconductor lithography systems employing nanoimprint technology.

While line widths have halved roughly every five years, progress has stalled since 2005

Nanoimprint Lithography

Revolutionizing the Semiconductor Industry

Early 1990s

Line widthAs small as 350 nm





Late 1990s

Early 2000s

2005 Present

Under development

Light source(wavelength)

i-line(365 nm)

KrF(248 nm)

ArF(193 nm)

ArF immersion(193 nm)

ArF immersion (improved)(193 nm) NIL


Generating Synergies From Different Cultures————————————————

Canon is collaborating with U.S.-based Canon Nanotechnologies, Inc. (CNT), owner of some of the world's most advanced and unique technologies, to achieve its goal of mass producing nanoimprint lithography systems.

Essential to Canon’s development of semiconductor lithography systems are, in addition to control and measuring technologies, as well as element integration technologies, the service and support know-how that the company has cultivated to date. By merging these with CNT's cutting edge technologies, Canon aims to overcome current technological limits to break through the miniaturization barrier.

This collaboration with CNT offers many benefits that go beyond technical advances. The engineers at CNT, a new company established in 2001, are focused on cutting-edge R&D, and their development activities have had a positive, stimulating effect on Canon's own up-and-coming engineers.

The history of photolithography dates back more than a half century. Although the technology has contributed to reducing the cost of semiconductor chips, as line widths grow narrower, it becomes more difficult to achieve sharp circuit pattern definition. Consequently, realizing further miniaturization requires a range of innovations, the result being ever-larger lithography systems. This is the reason why miniaturization is believed to have reached its technological limit.

Nanoimprint technology, however, does not require shorter-wavelength light-sources. Instead, it uses the simple approach of physically applying a mask into which circuit patterns have been cut. Not only does this approach have the potential to significantly reduce costs, it also produces extremely sharp circuit patterns and is expected to contribute to lower chip defect rates.

How Canon Nanoimprint Lithography Works

it is like pressing a concave mold into clay to create a convex impression. This new technology makes possible the precise formation of minute circuit patterns while achieving a high level of reproducibility.

This technology, however, involves many challenges. The circuit patterns are formed using direct transfer, requiring nm-level accuracy. The commercialization of NIL was also considered difficult because mass production requires a consistent level of fabrication accuracy over repeated use and the elimination of particles. Overcoming these daunting obstacles, however, was made possible through the combination of Canon hardware, software and material technologies, which promptly enabled NIL to become a commercially viable technology.

Tackling Numerous Challenges Head-on————————————————

One of the commercialization technologies Canon made use of to overcome these challenges controls the amount and positioning of the resist that is applied to the wafer surface. Technology employed in inkjet printing, an area in which Canon has unique expertise, is used to finely control how much and where the resin is applied to prevent it from being squeezed out when the mold, or mask, is brought into contact with the resin, while also ensuring a uniform thickness of the resin layer. Also, when the mask is removed from the wafer, their relative positions must be controlled and optimized to prevent convex circuit pattern deformation. To this end, Canon has developed new technologies, including those capable of delivering enhanced nm-level control, to realize advanced technical capabilities. In this way, the company is making steady progress toward the realization of mass production.


Nanoimprint lithography

Wafer

Mask (mold)Resist (resin)

Mask

Inkjet technology is used to apply droplets of liquid resin, called resist, to the wafer surface, following the circuit pattern

A mold, called a mask, into which the circuit has been cut, is pressed like a stamp onto the resist applied to the wafer surface

Ultraviolet light is used to solidify the resist and form the circuit patterns, after which the mask is separated from the resist

1 2 3

Ultraviolet light

Remove

LightPhotolithography

Wafer

Resist

Photolithography resist is applied to the wafer

A projection lens is used to reduce and project circuit patterns drawn on the reticle onto silicon wafers, causing a chemical reaction in the resist

Following development, the resist that was exposed to light is removed to create a circuit pattern

1 2 3

A chemical reaction occurs

Removal


POD Services Reduce Large-Volume Printing Waste while Boosting Short-Run Printing————————————————

Time-sensitive business and corporate marketing activities require the ability to provide customers with high-quality printed materials, when they are needed and in the quantities they are needed. Offset printers, however, are not well-suited for short-run printing jobs or variable printing, which enables text, graphics and images to be changed from one printed item to the next.

POD services using commercial digital presses facilitate low-cost, short-run printing while also minimizing paper consumption, thus contributing to reducing the environmental impact of printing.

Using New Approaches to Take on the Daunting Challenge of High-Resolution, High-Quality, High-Speed Printing Regardless of Print Media————————————————

The imagePRESS C7000VP commercial digital press, launched in 2007, is a high-end model targeting printing companies and other print professionals. The C7000VP has been widely praised for its image quality, which rivals that of offset printing, and has become an industry standard, used as a benchmark for competing products.

Commercial printing, however, demands high-speed printing while maintaining high quality levels, regardless of the type of paper used. This presented a daunting challenge that office copying machines do not encounter. For example, when using heavy-weight paper stock, because the paper absorbs the heat within the fusing unit, the toner

Commercial Digital Printing

Satisfying Professional Needs Through High-Quality, High-Speed Performance Opening Up the POD Market

Print On Demand (POD) services, which make possible the printing of a single book as well as online services for the printing of eye-catching pamphlets, have become mainstream. And what makes such POD services possible are commercial digital presses. In 2006, Canon made inroads into the burgeoning POD market with the development of a commercial digital press that employs the same electrophotographic method as that used in its copying machines.

did not heat properly, which prevented the transferred image from fusing to the paper.

Through repeated trial and error, Canon discovered that feeding paper multiple times through a single fusing unit led to improved image quality, so the company developed a revolutionary system employing dual fusing units contained within a single device. The first fusing unit fuses toner to the light stocks typically used in interior pages, while heavier or coated stocks, such as the paper used on covers, also travel through the second fusing unit to securely fuse the toner to the paper, making possible the printing of entire magazines using a single device. This dual fusing system supports a stable, uniform print speed, regardless of the type or size of print media used.

High-Resolution Output Made Possible Through R-VCSEL Technology

The imagePRESS series, developed for light production printing, marked an industry first through its R-VCSEL red laser technology, which provides improved latent-image quality (text quality, fine line reproduction capabilities, stability and granularity) by combining red surface emitting lasers with aspherical lenses. Using an array of 32 red laser beams, R-VCSEL can produce clear, crisp 2,400 dpi output. The high resolution provides improved screen flexibility while making possible exceptional image quality.

•

32 beam red multilaser

Infrared VCSEL Red VCSEL

Superiority of red VCSEL technology


imagePRESS C800

Uncompromising Quality and Performance in a Compact SizeAn Ace in the Hole for the New Market————————————————

The launch of the high-end model created a need for a more compact device capable of providing stable image quality and high levels of productivity, but with a reduced installation cost. In 2014, Canon released the imagePRESS C800 for the light production market. Despite its compact size, it achieves the same high image quality as the high-end model, employing the latest technologies to deliver stable, high-speed print performance.

Full Lineup Available Worldwide for Any Print Volume ————————————————

While the digitization of documents and the shrinking of the overall commercial printing market continue apace, the POD service market continues to grow worldwide. Physical printing needs are growing increasingly diverse, whether for corporate in-house reprographic departments, print and copy shops providing printing and bookbinding services, personalized printing services or online print services. Canon's extensive product lineup covers every scale of printing needs, from small-lot printing of a few hundred thousand pages per month to the large-volume printing of several million pages per month.

Canon is also actively rolling out these systems worldwide, selling commercial digital presses in the European and North American markets. In 2009, aiming to become the overall No. 1 presence in the

global printing industry, Canon found its ideal partner in Dutch printer manufacturer Océ, which it welcomed into the Canon Group as a consolidated subsidiary. Canon and Océ carry out joint development, and Océ's sales and service networks in Europe and North America are being leveraged to expand sales of both Canon and Océ products.


One of the technological innovations that support outstanding image quality is toner. The average granule size of V Toner is smaller than that of toner employed in conventional copying machines, enabling color reproducibility that rivals offset printing and provides optimal luster on a wide range of print media. Additionally, Canon’s newly developed CV Toner features improved surface characteristics, including toner surface smoothing, which make possible significantly improved levels of stability to ensure high print quality with minimal variations in color, even during high-volume print jobs.

* V Toner = Vivid Color TonerpQ Toner = Pure Quality Color TonerCV Toner = Consistently Vivid Color Toner

Newly Developed Toner Delivers Color Reproducibility and Stability Rivaling Offset Print Quality

(1) High image quality Finely dispersing material(2) Productivity Melting characteristics(3) Wide range of print media Surface shape(4) Stability Surface properties

The Evolution of Canon Color Toner

V TonerimagePRESS C7000VP

pQ TonerimageRUNNER C9075

CV TonerimagePRESS C800

imagePRESS C7011VPS (successor to the imagePRESS C7000VP)


diagnosis, Canon DR systems combine high-sensitivity, high-resolution sensor arrays with high-luminance scintillators and make use of image-processing technologies to achieve high image quality diagnostic images with low radiation doses.

Advances in High-Sensitivity Sensors for Dynamic Imaging Bring About Changes on the Frontlines of Medical Care————————————————

The evolution of Canon's high sensitivity sensors led to the launch of the world's first portable DR system offering both dynamic and static imaging capabilities. Dynamic imaging, or fluoroscopy, makes possible

the real-time observation of parts of the body of medical interest and is used in such applications as stomach barium exams and angiography. In the future, fluoroscopy may be used in surgery to provide doctors with real-time images when inserting a catheter into a vein.

Capitalizing on its sensor tech-nologies, among the most advanced in the world, Canon pursues even greater ease of use, aiming to expand the domains in which DR can be used for diagnostic, testing and treatment applications.

DR (Digital Radiography)

Supporting Accurate Diagnoses Through Digital Radiography————————————————

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered the X-ray in 1895. X-rays are widely used in the medical field for everything from disease diagnosis to treatment. Within the medical field, digitization has been progressing rapidly, as can be seen in patient data and electronic medical records, as well as remote diagnostic systems. X-ray-based imaging systems have also been undergoing a rapid evolution, from conventional analog systems to those employing CR (Computed Radiography) and digital technologies.

In 1998, Canon was the first company to commercially launch a digital radiography (DR) system employing an X-ray image detector. Canon has since expanded its product lineup, adding a range of portable and wireless models. More than 30,000 Canon DR systems have been sold worldwide.

Low Dosage and High Image Quality Through Canon Detectors and Scintillators————————————————

While reducing the X-ray dose that patients are exposed to is a top priority, X-ray exposure is also a growing concern among doctors, technicians and other personnel working in medical care. In order to reduce X-ray exposure dosage while producing images optimal for

DR (Digital Radiography) and OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)

Medical Care and Health are Important Themes for Canon as a Diagnostic Imaging Pioneer

Canon's history in the medical field dates back to the 1940s, shortly after the company was founded, with the development of an X-ray mirror camera. The device was an effective tool in diagnosing tuberculosis, which was prevalent in Japan at the time. Since then, the company has continued to contribute to the promotion of peoples' health through its ophthalmic equipment and digital radiography systems. Canon is now expanding its business in the fields of medical care and health.

Electrical signal

This structure, contained within the imaging device, converts X-rays into digital data

Scintillator

Optical sensor

X-rays

Light

Converts X-rays into visible light

Captures visible light and converts it into electrical signals

● Detector Cross-Section



Modern eye medical care has developed hand-in-hand with progress in retinal imaging technologies. For example, the emergence of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has led to a dramatic leap in the understanding of retinal diseases. Attention is now turning to next-generation retina imaging technologies that are expected to make possible the examination of the retina at the cellular level. Canon's adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) employs a wavefront sensor that enables the high-speed measurement of ocular aberrations unique to each individual, and a wavefront correction device that corrects for these aberrations to produce detailed retinal images with a resolution of around 5μm, facilitating the detailed observation of photoreceptor cells, blood flow and vascular walls. Amid high expectations within the medical community for the AO-SLO as a next-generation ophthalmic examination tool, Canon is currently carrying out collaborative clinical evaluations with universities and research institutes in Japan and abroad.

Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO)

OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)

OCT for 3-D Retinal Scanning and Retina Cross-Section Imaging and Analysis————————————————

The retina is the only tissue where blood vessels can be observed directly. Retinal examinations can be used to detect such diseases as hypertension and arterial sclerosis. As a pioneer of the non-mydriatic retinal cameras used to perform these examinations, Canon has been a market leader since the 1970s.

While retinal cameras capture two-dimensional images of the surface of the retina, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) adds depth information to enable three-dimensional image analysis. Using optical coherence, OCT makes possible the creation of a cross-sectional view of the retina by shining a weak infrared light on the retina, a structure at the back of the eye, and analyzing the light that is reflected. This

allows the viewing of retinal structures that cannot be discerned from the surface alo-ne, facilitating early-stage detection of retinal disorders that can often lead to vision loss, such as

age-related macular degeneration or glaucoma, as well as making possible the elucidation of pathological conditions and greater diagnostic accuracy.

Automatic Fundus Tracking Enables Two-Second Retinal Scans————————————————

The OCT-HS100, launched in 2012, is a high resolution OCT system with 3μm axial optical resolution. Because the eye is constantly moving, accurate retinal imaging had required a great deal of skill on the part of the instrument operator. The OCT-HS100, however, offers a range of automatic functions, including auto anterior eye alignment, auto focus and auto fundus tracking, for exceptional operating ease. The device’s ease of use and high scanning speed enabling two–second examinations

has earned it accolades from the market.

Through advances in image and signal processing, the evolution of OCT continues even today. Ophthalmic equipment lets us see things that we were never before able to observe and Canon is applying its optics expertise to the development of new medical devices that are safe and easy to use.

High-speed scanning using infrared light enables the creation of a cross-sectional image of the retina

A 3-D image of the retina. Each layer of the retina can be viewed separately


Terahertz Imaging

Enables Material Identification by Passing Through Objects Like Radio Waves————————————————

Terahertz (THz) radiation consists of electromagnetic waves with a frequency of roughly 1 THz, a range which lies between radio waves and visible light. Terahertz radiation shares a number of properties with both radio waves and light, namely that it has difficulty passing through metal or water, but can easily travel through such materials as paper, plastic and powder. In addition, various substances are able to absorb intrinsic frequencies of terahertz radiation.

This property of terahertz radiation holds tremendous potential for such applications as non-destructive product inspection, pharmaceutical quality inspection, blood testing and pathological diagnosis of cancer cells.

Systematizing the World's Most Advanced Devices————————————————

Using resonant tunneling diodes, Canon developed a terahertz oscillator that delivers a frequency of 1.4 THz, which is among the highest in the world. The detector, capable of detecting 1.6 THz radiation at room temperature, is created by using LSI process technology to fabricate a Schottky barrier diode on an Si substrate. The test specimen is sandwiched between the oscillator and the detector, and the spectrum from passed and reflected terahertz radiation is measured to identify substances and see inside objects. Canon is developing an imaging system using these devices and is developing technologies to further

While various diagnostic devices, such as X-ray, CT and MRI systems, have been developed for use in the medical field, there is a need for diagnostic devices that are both radiation-free and non-invasive in order to provide even higher levels of safety. Canon is further enhancing its imaging technologies while also pursuing the development and practical application of such devices as cutting-edge laser-driven light source technologies, terahertz oscillation and detection devices, and ultrasonic sensors. Through its development activities, the company aims to create new modalities for medical care.

Imaging Technologies Paving the Way to the Future of Medical Care

● Differences in Physical Properties (Refractive Index) Between Normal Cells and Tumor Cells

2.20

2.15

2.10

2.05

2.00

1.95

Refr

activ

e in

dex

Frequency (THz)0.8 0.9 1.1 1.31.0 1.2 1.4 1.5

50µm 50µm

50µm 50µm

Normal cells

Tumor cells

accelerate visualization processing and achieve higher resolution imaging.

Exploring Applications Through Industry-Academia Collaboration————————————————

In a joint effort with the Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Canon is carrying out research into the use of terahertz radiation to distinguish between normal cells and tumors. This research has revealed that it is possible to see differences in substances without having to stain tissue.


Photoacoustic Tomography

3-D Imaging of Blood Vessels————————————————

When objects are illuminated to light, they emit ultrasonic waves. Applying this principle, when the human body is exposed to near-infrared laser light, the hemoglobin within the blood absorbs the light energy, expanding due to heat, and emits weak ultrasonic waves. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) detects these ultrasonic waves and reconstructs 3-D images from the detected data, making possible the visualization of blood vessels.

Device Development and System Creation Targeting New Modalities————————————————

Canon is engaged in the development of cutting-edge laser light sources and ultrasonic sensor devices employing MEMS technology, as well as high-speed algorithms for reconstructing 3-D images from detected ultrasonic signals, and image-processing technologies that reduce signal noise to create high-definition images. Based on these elemental technologies, the company is making use of the knowledge it has gained through clinical evaluation to develop photoacoustic tomography as a new medical modality.

One of the notable features of this system is that it uses different probes for different parts of the body in order to visualize their respective vascular networks. As a result, it offers the potential for a radiation-free, noninvasive approach to diagnosing such major diseases as cancer and arterial plaque build-up.

Industry-Academia Collaborative Clinical Evaluation————————————————

Canon has worked with Kyoto University to develop photoacoustic mammography for use in early stage breast cancer detection and qualitative cancer diagnosis. Achieving success in visualizing new blood vessels through photoacoustics, Kyoto University has been carrying out clinical evaluations since 2010. These clinical evaluations focus on the diagnostic effectiveness of these systems and their safety, reliability and usability.

Applications in Fields Other than Medical Care————————————————

Terahertz imaging and photoacoustic tomography are also expected to offer applications in fields other than medical care. For example, they can be used in safety inspections for food and pharmaceutical tablets, non-destructive product testing and security testing. In this way, through further development, they may provide solutions to various safety and security issues faced by society.

Creating a New Growth Industry Through Innovative Visualization TechnologyI am one of the 12 program managers in "ImPACT," a program of the Japanese Cabinet Office's Council for Science, Technology and Innovation dedicated to creating innovative visualization technologies. Successfully realizing these technologies, led by Canon's cutting-edge PAT technology, would spur innovation driving major industrial and societal transformation.

Canon's role in "ImPACT" is the creation of a 3-D imaging system for producing high-resolution images of the interiors of living organisms and highly sensitive ultrasonic sensors which would make such imaging possible. Producing these would create modalities and health and medical services that rival CTs and MRIs, creating new growth industries in the medical, preventive medicine and health and cosmetic fields.

Furthermore, the ability to identify substances and functions within objects non-destructively could be used in such areas as quality inspection, safety inspection and environmental measurement. In the food and industrial product fields, such capabilities could also contribute to the creation of a new inspection industry.

Canon's PAT Selected for a National Project in JapanPAT Used in "ImPACT" the Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies Program

Takayuki Yagi Program Manager

Joined Canon Inc. in 1983Appointed "ImPACT" program manager in September 2014On assignment to the Japan Science and Technology Agency from Canon Inc.

Laser

Tissue

Ultrasound sensor

Blood vessel

Ultrasonicwaves

● The Principle Behind Photoacoustic Tomography

PAT 3-D image of the vascular network of a hand



Imaging System Technology with a Focus on Image Quality————————————————

To effectively address the wide range of challenges customers face, Canon network camera systems combine such core camera technologies as optical systems, imaging sensors, image processors and video content analysis software, with technologies essential in creating solutions. These include the video management software of Denmark’s

Responding to Customer Needs Through Comprehensive Services————————————————

Network cameras can now be found not only in shops and stores, but also in hospitals, offices and public facilities, with users finding an increasingly diverse range of applications. For example, these devices are now used in food processing plants to ensure food safety by detecting intruders and monitoring production processes.

The network camera market is expected to realize massive growth, with sales of network cameras alone accounting for 8.3 billion U.S. dollars globally in 2018. Looking at system integration, which includes system design and maintenance, the market is expected to reach 25 billion U.S. dollars.

Catching the momentum of this growth wave, Canon launched its Network Visual Solution (NVS) Business Promotion Headquarters in January 2013, offering not only network camera hardware but also a comprehensive range of services that includes system design, installation, operation and maintenance. Capitalizing on the high-image-quality technologies that the company has cultivated through its digital SLR cameras and digital compact cameras, the Headquarters is working to increase Canon’s share in this burgeoning market.

The VB-H43 Full HD pan/tilt/zoom network camera features 20x optical zoom and 12x digital zoom

The Good Design Award-winning VB-S30D micro dome Full HD network camera

Ensuring Safety, Security and Convenience Through High-Image-Quality Technologies and Solutions

● Advanced Imaging Technologies in a Compact, Lightweight Body Design

Increasing worldwide interest in crime prevention has fueled growth in the market for network cameras, which are being used in an increasing range of applications in such fields as security, management and marketing. Canon, leveraging its optical and image-processing technologies, supports safety and security through the company’s high-image-quality network camera systems.

Network Cameras

Height: 54 mm

Diameter: 120 mm

LensSensor signal Image data

Network streaming

As wide as one's palmAs tall as a credit card is high

Pedestrian �ow analysisBehavior analysisStatus monitoring

JPEGH.264

Advanced data-processing capabilities for vivid color reproduction with low noise

Streams full HD video at 30 fps

Image processorDIGIC DV III

Image compression and transmission processor

DIGIC NET IIVideo content analysis server

Video management

software

Volume detection

Moving object detection

Camera tampering detection

Removed object detection

Abandoned object detection

Passing detection

Intelligent functions built into the camera


Furthermore, network cameras can be installed to provide coverage across wide areas with captured video collected and analyzed in the cloud to support such applications as the monitoring of crop growth or commuter flows on public transportation. Additionally, by combining such visual data with other information accessible through various sensors, such as temperature, humidity and sound volume, network cameras can provide a means to improving productivity or developing new services.

Milestone Systems A/S, which recently joined the Canon Group, and the network-control technologies and cloud services developed for Canon business machine systems.

For example, the VB-S30D, which won a Good Design Award in 2014, has a compact body measuring just 120 mm wide and 54 mm high, but features pan/tilt capabilities with a tilt-angle range of 90 degrees and a pan-angle range of 350 degrees. It is one of the world's smallest high-performance Full HD models, packed with such Canon imaging technologies as a 3.5x zoom lens, low-light performance enabling color image capture in environments with as little as 0.95 lux of illumination (equivalent to the illumination of a single candle), and six intelligent functions—the highest number of built-in analytics of any device in its class.

Combining such high-performance network cameras with advanced video content analysis software enables the creation of systems designed to meet specific customer needs, including the ability to recognize people's faces or license plate numbers even late at night.

Developing Applications for Network Cameras that Go Beyond Surveillance————————————————

Canon is bolstering its ability to deliver solutions that don't stop at surveillance, but offer protection in the form of proactive safety. In fields in which safe environments are essential, such as nursing care, child care and education, network camera systems provide safety and security by making possible the anticipation and prevention of problems before they occur.


● Surveillance System Market Scale (Worldwide)

Millions of dollars35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

02013 2014 2015

(Projection)2016

(Projection)2017

(Projection)2018

(Projection)

Based on a Canon survey

SI servicesAccessoriesRecording hardware / softwareNetwork cameras

An increasing number of kindergartens and nursery schools are using network cameras, which enable monitoring via a tablet computer or smartphone

Cutting-Edge Video Content Analysis Technology: Multi-Person Tracking

Multi-person tracking technology makes possible the identification and detection of individual subjects appearing in the video frame by distinguishing the characteristics of each individual subject. As such, it enables the high-speed, high-accuracy tracking of multiple subjects by identifying and comprehensively analyzing individual movements.

Through such technology, network cameras are finding widespread currency in a range of new fields, enabling stores, event sites and other facilities to determine ideal floor layouts for smooth customer flow and effective product displays and staff placement by determining how people move and where they may congregate based on congestion conditions.


Pursuing the Potential of CMOS Sensors————————————————

If image processors correspond to the human brain in digital cameras, then CMOS sensors, which receive light and convert it into electrical signals, correspond to the retinas.

Canon, one of the first companies to recognize the advantages of CMOS sensors, began research and development into the technology in the 1990s, a time during which CCD sensors were still the image sensor of choice. While CMOS sensors are recognized for offering such advantages as fast readout speeds, low power consumption and their suitability for larger chips, one of their drawbacks is that they generate noise.

Addressing this issue, Canon developed a unique double sampling noise-cancellation method, a technology that was recognized with the Invention Prize in 2004 at Japan’s National Commendation for Invention.

Since the launch in 2000 of the approximately 3.25-megapixel EOS D30 digital SLR camera, Canon CMOS sensors have evolved in step with advances in digital SLR cameras, as evidenced in the EOS-1Ds, released in 2002, featuring a 35 mm full-frame approximately 11-megapixel CMOS sensor, and the EOS Digital Rebel (EOS 300D Digital in other regions), launched in 2003, equipped with an approximately 6.3-megapixel CMOS sensor.

Key to improving the performance of CMOS sensors is increasing sensitivity, reducing noise, and increasing speed (to support video recording). These technologies have been thoroughly refined and applied not only to the development of digital SLR cameras, but also high-definition video camcorders and digital cinema cameras.

Leveraging the company’s CMOS sensor technology cultivated through the development of digital SLR cameras, Canon is now pursuing the new domain of ultra-high-sensitivity, ultra-high-resolution CMOS sensors.

Ultra-High-Sensitivity 35 mm Full-Frame CMOS Sensors for Full HD Video Capture

Making Possible Clear Image Capture with Just the Light of a New Moon————————————————

An effective way to increase the sensitivity of CMOS sensors is to increase the size of the pixels, thus boosting the amount of light they are able to receive. Canon's 35 mm full-frame ultra-high-sensitivity CMOS sensor* for Full HD video capture features pixels measuring 19 microns square. Compared with the CMOS sensor incorporated in Canon's top-of-the-line EOS-1D X digital SLR camera, with pixels measuring 7 μm per side, this represents a more than 7.5-fold increase in surface area, resulting in an even higher level of sensitivity.

Sensitivity and Resolution—Keys to the Future of Imaging Technology in Advanced Domains

Yaeyama-hime fireflies amid jungle vegetationPhoto courtesy of Ishigaki City, Okinawa Prefecture (Japan)

Camera prototype equipped with the newly developed 35 mm full-frame CMOS sensor

CMOS sensors represent an important core technology in the realization of high-sensitivity, high-quality image capture. Canon CMOS sensors, developed through the company's proprietary technologies and expertise, are creating new potential in the academic and industrial arenas.

Cutting-Edge CMOS Sensors

This ultra-high-sensitivity CMOS sensor makes possible high-clarity image capture even in extremely dark shooting environments in which the naked eye would have difficulty discerning surrounding objects. The sensor is capable of capturing video with a mere 0.03 lux of illumination, equivalent to the light of a new moon. In addition to astronomical and natural observation, Canon is looking into applying this CMOS sensor to video production and medical research, as well as surveillance and crime-prevention equipment.* An imaging element (aspect ratio: 16:9) that corresponds to the largest image circle size possible when shooting with a Canon EF lens.

Canon Succeeds in Capturing Nighttime Video of Yaeyama-hime Fireflies————————————————

In 2013, Canon successfully captured video footage of Yaeyama-hime fireflies, which inhabit Japan’s Ishigaki Island, using a camera prototype equipped with the newly developed 35 mm full-frame CMOS sensor.

No artificial lighting was used during shooting, which took place after sunset amid the mountains on the island under extremely low light conditions, with an ambient luminance of less than 0.01 lux. Not only was the sensor able to capture the light emitted by the fireflies, each of which measures only a few millimeters in length, but also the surrounding vegetation, which would be all but invisible to the naked eye.


The World's Largest Ultra-High-Sensitivity CMOS Sensor

Ultra-High Resolution 120-Megapixel CMOS Sensor

Enabling Ultra-High-Definition Video Capture with Roughly 60 Times the Resolution of Full HD————————————————

One facet of CMOS sensors in which Canon has been focusing its energies is increasing pixel count. Accordingly, the company has developed a CMOS sensor with approximately 120-megapixels, a pixel count that corresponds to the number of photoreceptors in the human eye. Employing parallel signal processing technology for the rapid readout of signals from its vast number of pixels, the sensor makes possible the capture of ultra-high-definition video with a resolution approximately 60 times that of Full HD (1920 x 1080 pixels). Also, it allows the extraction of any specified region of the overall frame for use as Full HD, 4K, or 8K video, enabling high levels of definition and clarity even for video that has been cropped or digitally magnified. This sensor technology is expected to offer great potential not only in video production applications, but also in such fields as surveillance, aviation and space exploration.

With the approach of the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, the world of broadcast imaging is expected to move from Full HD to 4K, a Any region of the captured video can be extracted as high-definition video (shown

on the display at left)

Kiso Observatory observation dome (Japan)(Photographed amid illumination of 0.1–0.3 lux with an ultra-high-sensitivity CMOS sensor featuring the world's largest surface area)

World's largest ultra-high-sensitivity CMOS sensor (left) alongside a 35 mm full-frame CMOS sensor

120-megapixel CMOS sensor

Achieving Wide-Field-of-View Video Recording of Meteors with Equivalent Apparent Magnitude of 10

In 2010, Canon developed an ultra-high-sensitivity CMOS sensor with a chip size measuring 202 x 205 mm, the world’s largest size* that can be produced from a 12-inch (approximately 300 mm)-diameter wafer. In January 2011, this CMOS sensor was installed in the 105 cm Schmidt telescope at the Kiso Observatory of the University of Tokyo’s Institute of Astronomy, School of Science, where it captured video images at approximately 60 frames per second. The sensor made possible the video recording across a wide 3.3° x 3.3° field of view of meteors with an equivalent apparent magnitude of 10. This achievement, presented at the 2011 meeting of the Astronomical Society of Japan, was met with high acclaim.* As of January 21, 2015. Based on a Canon survey


Screenshot from nighttime video captured at an airport using a camera prototype equipped with the newly developed high-sensitivity 35 mm full-frame CMOS sensor for video capture (ISO 200000 equivalent)

205mm

quadrupling of the number of pixels overall, and then on to 8K, or "Super HV," bringing yet another four-fold increase in pixel count.

In anticipation of this evolution, Canon will move forward with the development of the elemental technologies essential to the further development of CMOS sensors.


Leveraging Advanced Technologies for SocietyAiming to realize the dreams of humankind and contribute to society, Canon taps into the

knowledge of its engineers around the world, leveraging a diverse range of elemental and

innovative technologies in search of solutions to various challenges. To respond to the

needs of society, Canon is exploring uncharted territories to create superior technologies.



Human

Technology

Social



Seeing Farther, With Greater Clarity————————————————

Since the time of Galileo Galilei, observational astronomy has developed hand-in-hand with the telescope. The intellectual curiosity of astronomers—the desire to see farther and with greater clarity—enjoyed a major boost with the completion of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan's Subaru Telescope, which has made possible such achievements as the discovery of a galaxy located 12.9 billion light-years from Earth.

Supporting the Subaru Telescope’s outstanding observational capabilities is the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) ultra-wide-field prime-focus camera. Canon was responsible for the development and production of the HSC’s corrector lens, which corrects for light aberrations.

And now, with the launch of the TMT Project, astronomers will explore the mysteries of the universe beginning from an even earlier time in cosmic history than the galaxies glimpsed by the Subaru Telescope, which date back to about 800 million years after the Big Bang. With more than 10 times the light-gathering power of the Subaru Telescope, the TMT is expected to enable the discovery of first-generation stars and galaxies in the distant universe as well as shed light on the massive black holes of the early universe. In this project as well, Canon is playing a major role.

Driven by the Demand for 2-Micron Level of Precision————————————————

The TMT's 30-meter-diameter primary mirror will comprise an array of 492 segments, the fabrication of which is being carried out in Japan, the United States, China and India. Japan is responsible for the processing of approximately 30% of the 492 segments (574 including replacement segments). Plans call for Canon to handle such work as spherical and aspherical grinding, aspherical polishing, outer-shape cutting and support-assembly mounting. In 2014, the company began mass production of the aspherical grinding process. To meet the demands of this mission, Canon is drawing on the production technologies, facilities and technical skills it has cultivated through the manufacture of lithography equipment for flat panel displays and semiconductors.

Mass production has just started. The hexagonal segments, made of ultra-low-expansion glass, each measure 1.44 meters diagonally with a thickness of 45 millimeters. The sag of each segment is approximately 4 millimeters and maximum asphericity is 0.2 millimeters, requiring

Construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), an extremely large 30-meter-diameter telescope, began in 2014 near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, an optimal site for astronomical observation. With completion scheduled for 2022, the TMT aims to contribute to the achievement of unprecedented, completely new astronomical research. Canon is providing support for this major project, which seeks to explore the secrets of the cosmos, through the company’s state-of-the-art optical technologies and high-precision processing and measurement technologies.

The Thirty Meter Telescope to Offer New Insight into Astronomy

Photo illustration of the completed TMT (courtesy of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan)TMT Extremely Large Telescope


a level of precision of less than 2 microns Peak-to-Valley. Precise measurement of the aspherical surface of the segment is critical in achieving the required degree of precision. Precision polishing is made possible through Canon’s proprietary contact-type free-form measurement machine (A-Ruler), which enables the confirmation of polishing accuracy and was also used in the production of the Subaru Telescope's HSC.

New Challenges Necessitate New Steps————————————————

Today, Canon continues to deal with frequently occurring challenges. Although the company had initially intended to employ a polishing machine developed in-house for aspherical polishing, a new challenge arose: ripples appeared when the machine was used. To solve this problem, a new approach was promptly explored, which led to the verification of a processing technique called the bending method.

In aspherical processing through the bending method, mirror

blanks are polished with a large polishing dish while in a bent state. Once the stress is removed, the mirror takes on its desired aspheric shape while suppressing the occurrence of ripples. Because, however, this method had a limited track record, achieving the required level of precision posed a challenge. In order to gain necessary know-how, multiple simulations were performed and prototypes created. These efforts pointed the way to solutions enabling reductions in form errors caused by bending and the retention effect during processing, paving the way to mass production. As other countries also working to fabricate the mirror segments face similar challenges and seek out solutions, Canon’s efforts marked a first step toward success for this joint project.

Working Across Generations————————————————

Several of the key members now working on the TMT Project were also involved in the development of the Subaru Telescope, and the valuable experience and skills they have garnered are being carefully handed down to new team members. As a means of addressing the many challenges that arise during the course of the project, Canon, which boasts a proud history of having cultivated a wide variety of imaging technologies, employs the unique approach of incorporating advice from other divisions within the company.

The TMT is scheduled to be completed in 2022. By that time, project members now in their 20s will be playing a large role as engineers. In this way, Canon engineers continue embracing the many challenges that lie along the way to realizing an extremely large telescope that will serve future generations.

● The segmented-mirror method employed in the primary mirror

30-meter primary mirror composed of 492 segments

Configuration of the 492-segment primary mirror

Prototype fabricated by Canon of a segment from the primary mirror

● Polishing through the bending method

zyx

z

x

Bending load


TMT: A Five-Nation Project

The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is an international collaborative project supported by Japan, the United States, Canada, China and India. The Japanese astronomy community, centered on the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, is promoting this plan with the aim of playing a leading role in cutting-edge astronomy. Japan is also proactively participating in the construction of the telescope. In addition to the mirror segments, the fabrication of which Canon is undertaking, the telescope's main structure, as well as a portion of the observation equipment, is being handled by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan along with other Japanese companies.


Passing Cultural Assets On To Future Generations

A high-resolution facsimile of "The Wind and Thunder Gods" by Tawaraya Sotatsu (National Treasure, Kennin-ji Temple collection)

A digital SLR camera, mounted on a spe-cially designed pan-tilt head capable of precise position control of less than 0.1 millimeters, is used to photograph the works. The multi-segmented image data is digitally combined on a computer to create an image containing some 200 to 300 million pixels per folding screen panel. The pan-tilt head reduces the space required for equipment and makes possible image capture in confined areas

An imagePROGRAF large-format inkjet printer with a 12-color pigment ink system is used to output the data after image processing. The printer faithfully repro-duces the three-dimensional feel created by the tonal subtleties and shading of ink wash paintings, the delicate weathering of time seen on the original works, and even the texture

Preserving Original Cultural Assets While Making Facsimiles Available to the Public————————————————

The Tsuzuri Project is a social contribution program that combines Canon's advanced digital imaging technologies with traditional Kyoto craft techniques. The Project was launched in 2007 as a joint initiative with the Kyoto Culture Association (NPO). Temples in Japan that own Japanese cultural assets are struggling to ensure the preservation of these assets, many of which are fragile due to age and can be easily damaged. That’s where Canon came in, building a system that leverages the company’s advanced imaging technologies—from input (image capture) to output (printing)—to make possible the creation of high-resolution facsimiles. The original cultural assets can be preserved in a controlled environment while the near-perfect replicas are widely exhibited to the public to realize a win-win solution for all parties.

Faithfully Reproducing the Tonal Subtleties of Traditional Japanese Ink Wash Paintings, Down to the Signs of Aging————————————————

Canon's EOS 5D Mark III digital SLR camera and imagePROGRAF large-format inkjet printer are used to create the high-resolution facsimiles. A specially designed pan-tilt head is used to shoot multi-segmented images of the original with the camera. The images are then digitally combined on a computer to create a high-resolution image containing some 200 to 300 million pixels per folding screen panel.

The images are then output using an imagePROGRAF printer that is capable of faithfully reproducing the distinctive expressive subtleties of Japanese ink wash paintings, and even the signs of aging. Skilled Kyoto craftsmen then add touches as needed, such as applying gold leaf and mounting the reproduced works.

Development of a High-Accuracy Color Matching System————————————————

The Tsuzuri Project also makes use of a highly accurate color matching system. Dynamic color matching automatically analyzes the color distribution of each cultural asset and reproduces colors that are true to the original work. Canon also succeeded in dramatically reducing the amount of time required for color matching, thereby minimizing the burden on the cultural asset.

To date, high-resolution facsimiles of some 29 works have been created (as of February 2015). Many of the facsimiles produced through the Tsuzuri Project are donated to the former owners of the original works before they found their way overseas and are widely exhibited at temples, galleries and museums. They are also used in classroom visits and workshops as dynamic learning resources for teaching Japanese history. By providing opportunities for a wide audience to experience these precious ancient Japanese cultural assets, the Tsuzuri Project contributes to the passing down of these cultural legacies to future generations.

● Input ● Output

Some historic Japanese cultural assets and works of art are rarely seen by the general public due to a need to preserve them, while others have found their way into overseas collections. The Tsuzuri Project is a social-contribution program that makes use of Canon’s proprietary input and output technologies to share these works with a wider audience.

Tsuzuri Project


Only conveys the appearance of a plated surface

Even the rough metallic feel of the object is reproduced

A Canon-original image-capture system for high-precision measurement

Faithfully Reproducing Material Appearance

Creating a New Dimension in Photography and Printing Through Material Appearance Acquisition-Supported Output————————————————

Material Appearance refers to those qualities of an object that determine its look and feel, such as glossiness, plasticity, surface contours and transparency. The acquisition of this information, such as surface reflectance, in addition to color data is essential for reproducing an object's texture in photographs and other printed items. Canon is carrying out research into the acquisition of high-accuracy material appearance information by way of digital cameras and other input devices, and technology for output of the acquired information by way of printers.

Acquiring Material Appearance Information From Any Direction in Any Illumination Environment————————————————

The surface reflectance of an object undergoes complex changes depending on the object’s material and shape, the incidence angle of light and the viewing direction. As a result, the object must be shot from multiple directions and under various light sources, a process that requires a great amount of time.

That is why Canon developed technology capable of acquiring an object's material appearance information, such as minute surface contours and reflectance, at a resolution of several dozen microns. This is achieved by shooting an object from all directions in an arbitrary illumination environment using multiple cameras. In this way, the company is carrying out research and development that will enable the quick and easy acquisition of the material appearance information.

A Printing Revolution Through the Output of Material Appearance Opens the Door to New Possibilities————————————————

Until recently, with the popularization of digital cameras, the conventional direction taken in the development of printers and printing technology was to bring the output as close to the vividness of images seen on a display. The ability to acquire material appearance information, however, will result in major changes in output technologies.

Canon is carrying out research that will enable the optimal control and output of material appearance data according to the characteristics of the paper or colorants used, or the printer's performance capabilities. This will make it possible for printers to reproduce the actual material appearance of an object, such as its glossiness and three-dimensionality.

In the future, the company aims to expand the application of this technology, from photo printing to the creation of wall paper and other interior design materials, advertising signage and product packaging.

● When only glossiness is acquired and reproduced ● When glossiness and minute surface contours are obtained and reproduced using Canon's material appearance-acquisition and output technology


The expressive capabilities of printers can be dramatically enhanced if, in addition to color data, the material appearance data can also be acquired. To enable this, Canon is carrying out research into digital image-processing technologies that capture and faithfully reproduce the reflectance properties of light on the surface of objects.

Material Appearance- Acquisition and Output Technology

Even the material appearance information of a translucent glass vase is acquired with high precision

THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/201637 THE CANON FRONTIER 2015/201637 THE CANON FRONTIER 2015

Supporting the Global Canon BrandThe Canon brand was born in 1935 with the aim of creating a world-class camera brand.

Since that time, Canon has continuously pursued technological innovation while evolving

as a company recognized for its strong brand presence. In addition to its vigorous

research and development activities, Canon places emphasis on the pursuit of design, the

company’s intellectual property activities, and global R&D. Canon aims to realize great

strides as a truly global company.



Design

Global R&D

IntellectualProperty



Canon DesignFocusing on Enhancing Product Quality and Brand Value

Design is an integral factor in enhancing brand value. And Canon, through its high-quality designs for products, services and other diverse business activities, offers new value.



Product Design————————————————

Styling in Consideration of Users and Usage EnvironmentsCanon values the joy that users feel when they hold a Canon product in their hands, and the excitement they experience when they use the company’s products. To ensure that designs will harmonize with the environments and interiors in which they will be used, the company creates sophisticated products designed to meet various demands based on repeated on-site surveys and analysis.

Usability Design————————————————

Analyzing Ease of Use for Enhanced User FriendlinessTo ensure ease of use, products are thoroughly analyzed from various perspectives, including the subjective assessments and observations of users and measured data. Sensory information, which is hard to measure, is translated into data so it, too, can be reflected in products. In this way, Canon pursues user friendliness that is backed by objective analysis.

User Interface (UI) Design————————————————

UI That Facilitates Intuitive Use of Any ProductCanon pursues user-friendly UIs not only for its digital cameras and printers, copying machines and medical equipment but also the company’s websites, applications for computers and smartphones, and software products. Considerable thought goes into the design of icons and parts, screen layouts and transition methods to deliver UIs that facilitate intuitive use.

Visual Design————————————————

Leaving a Lasting Impression that Says CanonWhether through packaging, logos, graphics used for photo services, business cards, event graphics or sports team uniforms, Canon strives to create products and project a corporate image that leave a lasting impression with users.

Advanced Design————————————————

Creating Products and Services of the FutureWhat kind of changes can we expect in society five or ten years from now, and how will they affect us in our daily lives? Canon strives to envision what lies ahead in the future, proposing new products and services that will be a part of that future.



Understanding How Cameras Are Used On the Set————————————————

It was in December 2009 that the business division contacted the design team with a request to design a new product. Although Canon had a proven track record in the design of professional video camcorders, the design of a cinema camera marked a new challenge.

The first question that needed to be answered was: How are cinema cameras used on-set? With no prior experience, the team decided to go on-location to see how cinema cameras were actually put to use. They soon realized that the kind of research that was called for would be impossible amid the frenzy of activity that takes place on a movie set. So, the decision was made to produce an original movie, commissioning filmmakers to shoot the work. The project allowed the team to scrutinize the hand movements of cinematographers as they worked, as well as observe other techniques involved in film direction.

Pursuing the Ideal Form, Fueled by a Passion for Visual Expression————————————————

When shooting a movie, three crewmembers, including the camera operator, share the responsibility of operating each camera. Watching the filmmakers working to realize their vision provided tremendous insight in terms of design. One example is so-called “kissing-distance” filming, in which a camera is positioned as close as physically possible against a wall or the ground.

Thorough research identified the need for cinema cameras that are compact and lightweight. Another keyword was mobility—enabling shooting immediately upon arrival at the location. Experimenting with the basic design of the cinema camera, the design team fashioned and assembled electronic components as if they were toy blocks, then tested the operability of each configuration by going through the motions of shooting, repeatedly trying out different shooting positions and discussing the findings within the team.

An Unconventional Vertical Design Based on the Mobile Core Concept————————————————

Narrowed down to four models, the design that was ultimately adopted featured a slim, vertically-elongated body with minimal front-to-back depth. This provided the basis for the Mobile Core Design concept. The upright orientation of the design facilitates shooting in confined spaces

Development of Digital Cinema Cameras—A Canon FirstThe Birth of a New Form of Cinematic Expression

The Frontline of Design

In 2014, Canon Cinema EOS System digital cinema cameras were recognized with the Prime Minister Prize in the National Commendation for Invention (hosted by the Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation). This prestigious prize in the field of design was a historic first for Canon. It was the fruits of a new challenge launched by the company, which began with understanding the techniques of professional filmmakers and demanded the development of a new approach to design.

Cinema EOS System


while also providing stability with minimal back-and-forth camera shake. What is more, the team was convinced that the unconventional design would open up new possibilities in visual expression.

A Presence and Functional Beauty That Lit Creative Fires————————————————

The focus on maneuverability can be found throughout the Cinema EOS System, from the placement of the control buttons and the highly scalable handle to the design of the user interface.

While some people believe that design is not an important factor in professional equipment provided it is capable of capturing quality images, the camera plays a central role on a film set. If the camera has a captivating presence and functional beauty, it will help to motivate those on the set. It is because it is a product intended for professionals that the design should motivate those who use it. These are the lessons that the design team members learned from their experiences on the frontlines of filmmaking. This high-caliber product design was made possible through the can-do attitude and actions of the designer in charge, supported by the collaborative effort of the design team.

While Canon’s Design Center carries out the strict assessment of its own designs, it also proactively participates in design award competitions in Japan and overseas. Ultimately, improving design quality is for the sake of the company’s customers, who use the products. The opportunity to have designs evaluated by knowledgeable outside authorities not only further enhances the quality of Canon designs, but also leads to the growth of the company’s designers. Numerous Canon designs have received awards, garnering recognition in Japan and abroad.

Design Awards

Study-Abroad System for Engineers

As part of the globalization of its R&D operations, Canon launched a study-abroad program for its engineers in 1984 in which engineers are dispatched each year to universities abroad.

The Design Center also utilizes this program to send its design engineers to study abroad, enabling them to acquire not only specialized knowledge, but also the culture and language of their study destination. This experience adds significantly to their design development.

Major Design Awards ReceivedGood Design Award, iF Design Award (Germany), Machine Design Award and Japan Package Design Award

EOS C500




Every year, Canon engineers submit more than 10,000 ideas. Patents are filed by country and region, and, through the company’s enterprising activities, Canon has been the top-ranked U.S. patent recipient among Japanese companies for 10 straight years.

There are two aspects to Canon's intellectual property strategy. The first is defensive—to protect Canon's proprietary core technologies from being infringed upon by others. The second is offensive—to support and

Canon the Top U.S. Patent Recipient Among Japanese Companies for 10 Consecutive Years Through Proactive IP Activities————————————————

Canon believes that intellectual property (IP) activities are vital to support business development. At the same time, the company firmly believes that products and IP are the fruits of effective R&D activities.

Intellectual Property ActivitiesSupporting Canon's R&D and Global Strategy Through Advanced Intellectual Property ManagementCommon epigram heard within Canon's research and development division include, "If you’re going to read a research thesis, read a patent instead” and “Don't write a report, write a patent application instead." Since the company’s founding, Canon's philosophy has been to place emphasis on technology with a focus on proprietary technology, and acquiring rights for inventions that provide the foundation for Canon's development. It is in Canon's DNA to avoid patents held by other companies and develop original technology—protecting that technology through patents.

● Number of U.S. Registered Patents ● What Are IP Activities?

Year Rank overall (Rank among Japanese companies) No. of patents

2014 3rd (1st) 4,055*1

2013 3rd (1st) 3,820

2012 3rd (1st) 3,173

2011 3rd (1st) 2,818

2010 4th (1st) 2,551

2009 4th (1st) 2,200

2008 3rd (1st) 2,107

2007 3rd (1st) 1,983

2006 3rd (1st) 2,366

2005 2nd (1st) 1,829

Figures tabulated by Canon based on annual information issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce*1 2014 figures based on preliminary figures released by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

Newcomer

Newcomer

Protection realized through patent rights To prevent others from piggybacking on inventions, it is also important

to take out a patent when creating new products

Protecting the Achievements of R&D Contributes to Business Activities

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Research and development

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Award ceremony for the internal Invention Awards


The idea behind Canon's Bubble Jet printer, a product that spawned a core business for the company, was sparked when the needle of a syringe containing ink accidentally came into contact with a heated soldering iron, causing ink droplets to spurt from the tip of the needle. The basic patent application for the world's first thermal inkjet (Bubble Jet) technology, invented by Canon, was filed on October 3, 1977. In 1994, this invention was recognized with the Imperial Invention Prize at Japan's National

Commendation for Invention (hosted by the Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation).

Technologies that are granted patents are the result of assiduous R&D activities. Canon, through the establishment of its internal Commendation for Invention system, gives special recognition to the efforts of engineers and other meritorious individuals for their outstanding technologies and inventions.

promote the generation of inventions through collaboration between engineers and the company’s IP division. Defensive and offensive intellectual property management strengthens Canon's patent acquisition abilities, thus supporting the company's development capabilities.

Patent Strategy Triggered by Licensing Negotiations with Xerox————————————————

"R&D does not conclude when the product goes on sale. It concludes only when the originally developed technology is made proprietary." This stance, which places emphasis on ownership of intellectual property rights, dates back to the 1960s, when Canon entered the field of copying machines.

In order to break through the airtight patent wall that U.S.-based Xerox had erected for its copying machines, Canon invented the NP method, an all-new electrophotographic technology that did not infringe on Xerox's patents. By making the technology proprietary, the company was able to use it when negotiating licenses for required technologies. This experience created the foundation for Canon's intellectual property strategy and has been passed down through the generations as part of Canon's corporate DNA.

Encouraging the Expansion of Engineers’ Ideas—Also a Role of the Patent Engineer ————————————————

One characteristic of Canon's IP strategy is the active exchange of communication between engineers and patent engineers, who are in charge of intellectual property. Canon has some 300 patent engineers at its R&D bases throughout Japan, who promote the acquisition of patents by working closely with engineers. The patent engineers examine the new ideas and research results of engineers from various angles and may expand on an engineer’s idea or identify ways to maximize the number inventions that can be generated.

Canon National Commendation for Invention Special Prize and Internal Invention Awards Over the Past 20 Years

Business Collaborations as a Means of Protecting IP Rights————————————————

In this age where cars are equipped with multiple cameras and some 100,000 patents exist for smartphones, it has become increasingly difficult for Canon to protect its technologies on its own. In particular, because the products of manufacturers around the world now incorporate information technology, there is increased likelihood of competition from companies in different industries in such areas as communication technology and user interface.

In a move to assert the company’s legitimacy and circumvent international patent disputes, Canon signed a cross-licensing agreement*2 with Microsoft in July 2014. Furthermore, with the aim of reducing patent litigation risks involving patent trolls (companies specializing in filing patent-related lawsuits in an attempt to collect licensing fees), six companies, including Canon and Google, established the License on Transfer (LOT) Network. Through its IP, Canon is working to strengthen its international competitive edge, including forming alliances with other companies.*2 In a cross-licensing agreement, patent right holders (companies, etc.) grant a license to

each other permitting the use of a patent or patents held by the other party.

Two "Commendations for Invention" For Superior New Technologies and Products

Canon's Basic Policies on Intellectual Property Intellectual property activities are vital activities supporting

business operations The fruits of R&D activities are products and intellectual

property Other parties’ intellectual property rights should be respected

and attended to properly.

Name of invention

The Special Prize, National Commendation for Invention, Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation Internal Invention Awards

Year Name of Award/Prize Year Name of Award/Prize

Design of a compact, lightweight digital cinema camera with outstanding mobility 2014 The Prime Minister Prize 2013 President's Award for IP

Achievement

Invention of printer using intermediate transfer member, without a cleaning mechanism 2013 The Prize of The Minister of Education,

Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 2004 President's Award for IP Achievement

Box-shaped inkjet printer 2006 The Asahi Shimbun Prize 2005 President's Award for Excellence

Large-area sensor for real-time digital radiography system 2005 The Imperial Invention Prize 2001 President's Award for Excellence

Invention for a small-size optical system capable of high-speed zoom 2003 The Asahi Shimbun Prize 2004 President's Award for Excellence

Slim flatbed scanner design 2002 The Prize of The Chairman of HATSUMEI KYOKAI (JIII) 2001 President's Award for IP

Achievement

Ozone-less charging method 1999 The Prize of Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office 1991 President's Award for Excellence

Invention of active type distance measuring device 1997 The Asahi Shimbun Prize 1996 President's Award for IP Achievement

BJ printer apparatus 1994 The Imperial Invention Prize 1986 President's Award for Excellence



Three Regional Headquarters Management System————————————————

In order to realize a truly global R&D structure, Canon has enhanced its innovation centers not only in Japan but also in Europe and the United States with the aim of establishing a Three Regional Headquarters management system.

For example, in the United States, which stands at the vanguard of cutting-edge technologies in the medical field, Canon established the Healthcare Optics Research Lab (HORL) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to carry out R&D that applies the company’s expertise in optical technologies. In 2012, HORL began playing a central role in collaborative research with Harvard-affiliated medical institutions in the U.S., along with Canon’s Japan-based research and development divisions.

By leveraging the characteristics and capabilities unique to Japan, the U.S. and Europe, mobilizing the leading minds of each region, and undertaking basic research, applied research and other R&D, Canon will be able to generate new businesses in the future and develop them globally.

Industry-Academia Alliances————————————————

To strengthen its research and development, Canon also proactively takes part in alliances with universities. In 2007, the company jointly established the Center for Optical Research & Education (CORE) in Japan with Utsunomiya University. The Center offers a graduate-school-level optics curriculum to carry out R&D in state-of-the-art optical technologies while raising the overall standard of optical technology in Japan.

Furthermore, in 2012, clinical evaluations for medical imaging equipment were launched at Kyoto University's Clinical Research Center for Medical Equipment Development (CRCMeD). Canon supported establishment of the CRCMeD. Canon will continue to promote joint research with universities and research institutes in Japan and abroad with the aim of developing and commercializing science and technology.

Global R&D

Canon Information Systems Research Australia Pty. Ltd.Sydney, AustraliaResearch themes: Image information processing, graphics

Canon Research Centre France S.A.S.Rennes, FranceResearch themes: Wireless communications, video transmission

R&D Activities and Programs That Support Canon Globally

The Canon Group conducts business in more than 220 countries and regions around the world. Today, sales outside of Japan account for more than 80% of Canon's consolidated net sales. To ensure that the research themes the company pursues around the world will bear fruit as businesses in the future, the Canon Group actively collaborates with and engages in exchanges with external research institutes.



Study-Abroad Program————————————————

Since 1984, Canon has offered its engineers a study-abroad program as one of the globalization initiatives of its research and development operations.

The objective of this program is to nurture international engineers as well as acquire technologies that will play a central role in Canon’s future. Engineers who participate in this program study cutting-edge or specialized technologies for two years at universities outside of Japan. The hope is that after their return, they will be able to fulfill their responsibilities with both specialized expertise and foreign language skills.

To date, more than 90 Canon engineers have studied abroad at more than 40 universities, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (U.S.A.), Carnegie Mellon University (U.S.A.) and the University of Cambridge (U.K.).

Primary Businesses of Offices in Japan————————————————

Headquarters R&D Division

Yako Office Development of inkjet printers and inkjet chemical products

Kawasaki Office R&D and manufacturing of production equipment and metal molds, R&D of semiconductor devices

Tamagawa Office Development of quality-management technologies

Kosugi Office Development of software for office imaging products

Hiratsuka Plant Development of displays, R&D and manufacturing of micro devices

Ayase Plant Development and manufacturing of semiconductor devices

Fuji-Susono Research Park R&D of electrophotographic technologies

Utsunomiya Office

| Utsunomiya Plant Manufacturing of various lenses

| Utsunomiya Optical | Products Plant

R&D, manufacturing and servicing of semiconductor lithography equipment and flat panel display (FPD) lithography equipment

| Optics R&D Center R&D of optical technologies

Toride PlantManufacturing of office imaging products and chemical products, R&D, mass production trials and support of electrophotographic technologies

Ami Plant Manufacturing of FPD lithography equipment parts

Kamisato Office Development of devices for medical equipment

Oita Plant Manufacturing of semiconductor devices

Imaging Systems Research Div. (Canon U.S.A.) San Jose, California

Research themes: Computational imaging

Canon U.S. Life Sciences Inc. Rockville, Maryland

Research theme: DNA diagnostics

Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory (Canon U.S.A.)Cambridge, Massachusetts

Research themes: Biomedical optical imaging, Medical robotics


Prototype of an ultra-miniature endoscope

DNA diagnosis cartridge


© Canon Inc. 2015 PUB.CFTE01 0615

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