The Camp David

8/6/2019 The Camp David

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The Camp David

is anagreement signed on September 17 1978 between the President of

Egypt Anwar Sadat and Prime Minister ofIsrael Menachem Begin after 12

days of negotiations at the presidential retreat Camp David in the stateofMaryland , near the capital ofthe United States and Washington . Where

the negotiations and the signing of the Convention under the auspices of

former U.S. President Jimmy Carter. As a result of this agreement

changes the policy of many Arab states towards Egypt, has been

suspended Egypt's membership in the League of Arab States from 1979 to

the year 1989 as a result of the signing of this Convention and on the other

hand got the two leaders shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978 after the

Convention, according to Helms the justification for grants to the tirelessefforts in achieving peace in the Middle East

The situation prior to the Convention

the October warand not the full application of the provisions ofResolution

338 and the results non-productive policy of shuttle talks pursued by the

State Department, which was about the use of a third party in the United

States as a mediator between two unwilling to talk direct, which was

Mtmthelp Arabs and Israel , these factors to find and stop sub- fully in the

peace talks and paved the way to the emergence of a consensus that the

U.S. administration of then U.S. PresidentJimmy Carterthat the bilateral

dialogue through a broker will not change the political reality of the Middle

East.

In Israel changes have taken place internal political, represented the victory

ofthe Likud Party in Israeli elections in 1977 and the Likud Party was a

trend closer to the middle of his main rival, the Israeli Labour Party , which

dominated Israeli politics since the early stages of the emergence of the

"state ofIsrael , "was the Likud's not opposed to the idea of Israel'swithdrawal from Sinai , but it was rejecting the idea of withdrawing from the

West Bank .

These events coincided with the release of the report of the Brookings

Institute, one of the oldest centers of political and economic research in the

United States text of the report on the need to adopt a "multi-stakeholder


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dialogue approach" to get out of the quagmire of a complete halt in the

peace dialogue in the Middle East

From the other side began to Egyptian President Muhammad Anwar

Sadat, gradually convinced of the futility ofResolution 338because of the

lack of full agreement of views with the stance adopted by Hafez al-Assad ,

which was more stringent in terms of acceptance to sit at the negotiating

table with Israel directly. These factors in addition to the deterioration ofthe

Egyptian economyand a lack of confidence Sadat intentions of the United

States to exercise any pressure of concrete on Israel , and Sadat was

hoped that any agreement between Egypt and Israel will lead to similar

agreements with other Arab countries with Israel and thus will lead to a

solution to the Palestinian cause .

Based on the former Egyptian President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak in his

interview with the media Adib in 2005 that the lateAnwar Sadat took a

decision to visit Israel after thinking long as Sadat visited Romania ,

Iran and Saudi Arabia before the visit and said in a speech before the

Egyptian People's Assembly was "ready to go to them in Israel "and also

visited Syria, such as the visit to Israel and returned at the end of the day

after that happened Big argument between him and the Syrians and theywere objecting to the visit [2] According to the Ibrahim Nafie,

President Roman Nicolae Ceausescu had said "that Menachem

Begin undoubtedly a Zionist The very Zionist, but a man of peace, because

he knows what war. but it also wants to leave his mark in the history of the

Jewish people .

Prior to Sadat's visit to Jerusalem, a group of confidential communications,

where he was preparing for a secret meeting between Israel and Egypt in

Morocco, under the patronage of King Hassan II , he met Moshe Dayan ,

Israeli Foreign Minister, and Hassan El- chaired by Deputy Prime Minister

of the Republic. In the wake of such a step preliminary Sadat visited a

number of countries, including Romania , and talked with President

Ceausescu on the seriousness ofBegin and his desire for peace, he

stressed that Ceausescu Begin a strong man and willing to achieve peace.


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At the opening session of the People's Assembly in 1977, and in this

meeting famous Sadat announced his willingness to go to Jerusalem and

even the Israeli Knesset, said: "Israel Stdhish hear me when I say to you

now I am ready to go to their home, to the Knesset itself and debate." And

poured a storm of applause from the members of the Council, this was notcheering and alignment means they believe that it really wants to go to

Jerusalem.

Sadat gave a speech before the Israeli Knesset on November 20 1977 . He

stressed in this speech that the idea of peace between him and Israel is not

new, and it targets a comprehensive peace, he called Sadat, Begin to visit

Egypt, and held a summit in Ismailia, began the Beijing talks about Israel's

right to retain the occupied territories, and the aggression of Egypt to Israel.

After the meeting of the Ismaili one month of the Political Commission metforeign ministers of Egypt and Israel and the United States in Jerusalem. In

the course of the Committee that Israel started to build new settlements in

the Sinai, to be used as a bargaining chip to Egypt. Begin was not ready to

accept concessions, and said Israeli Foreign Minister, "Moshe Dayan": "It is

better for Israel to fail the peace initiative that Israel is losing the elements

of security."

And presentation of Israelis to Egypt to leave the Gaza Strip, the Egyptian

Department of exchange for a promise not to take a starting point for the

work of suicide, and their aim was to not raise the issue of the West Bank,felt Sadat, the Israelis Imatalouna; and delivered a speech in July 1978, in

which: Begin refused to return land stolen by the only if took part, including

as it does to cattle rustlers in Egypt.

Established by Sadat's National Democratic Party and chaired, and

increased the grip of violent opposition forces for the directions, and then

resorted to a referendum on his person, there have been Egypt between

the move in the initiative or reject, but the intervention Carter weighed, and

called Sadat and Begin to the meetings at Camp David.

talks before the Convention

Arrived in the Egyptian and Israeli delegations to Camp David on

September 5, 1978. Sadat went to Camp David he does not want to

bargain, but echoed the draft Security Council resolution 242 as the basis


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for a solution.The Carter and Israeli They were convinced that Sadat would

never agree to any Israeli presence in the Sinai

the West Bank and Gaza and solutions to the issue ofIsraelisettlements and on the basis ofMubarak , the Sadat did not focus in his

talks as some think to solve the Egyptian side only of the case tried to the

U.S. administration to persuade both sides to avoid a focus on thorny

issues such as complete withdrawal from the West Bank and Gaza, and

get up discussions on issues of less sensitive, such as the Israeli

withdrawal from Sinai was the general structure of the talks, which lasted

12 days centered on three major themes

West Bank and Gaza Strip : based on this axis, the importance of the

participation ofEgypt and Israel and Jordan and representatives of the

people ofPalestinein the negotiations about resolving this issue, which

suggested the United States oftransitional measures for a period of 5

years for the purpose of granting full autonomy to these two areas and

the withdrawal ofIsrael full after popular elections in the two text The

proposal also to determine the mechanism of the election by Egypt ,

Israel , Jordan, that resides in the Palestinian delegation and Egypt and

Jordan .According to the suggestions in this axis was on Israel after the proposed

elections be set in a period of 5 years, the fate ofthe Gaza Strip and the

West Bank in terms of relationship of the two entities with Israel and other

neighboring countries

Relations with Egypt and Israel : This theme was based on the

importance of access to communication channels in terms of permanent

dialogue betweenEgypt and Israel and not to resort to violence to

resolve disputes and suggested the United States a period of 3 monthsfor both sides to reach a peace agreement.

Israel's relationship with the Arab states : According to the U.S.

proposal, Israel was working on similar peace agreements


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with Lebanon and Syria and Jordan,so that eventually lead to

confessions of mutual economic cooperation in the future

The Israeli position rigid militants refuse to give up, which made the Sadat

announces that his company had decided to withdraw from Camp David,

and someone U.S. Secretary of State, "Cyrus Vance" Carter to meet inprivate, and presidents met half an hour.[ edit ]Treaty

On March 26 1979 Following the talks at Camp David two sides signed

a peace treaty with Israel was the main axes of the Treaty is to end the

state of war and the establishment of friendly relations between Egypt and

Israel, and Israel's withdrawal from Sinai , which it occupied in 1967

afterthe Six Day Warand included the Convention shall also ensure the

passage of Israeli ships channel Suez and to consider the Strait ofTiran and the Gulf of Aqaba to be international waterways [news site

Jaffa Http://www.yafa-news.com/tareek1/t66.htm ]. Start The agreement

also included negotiations for the establishment of an autonomous region

for the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the full

implementation ofUN Security Council Resolution 242 .gratis President and General

The first agreement begins with an introduction about peace and the

imperatives and conditions, and then present the scenario that theConvention has been reached "for a lasting peace in the Middle East"

and provides the need for negotiations between Israel, Egypt and

Jordan and the Palestinians on the other hand.

The second agreement provided for the direct negotiations between

Egypt and Israel in order to achieve the withdrawal from Sinai, which

Israel captured in the war year 1967.

The Convention provides for the establishment of normal relations between

Egypt and Israel after the first stage of withdrawal from the Sinai.

Some political analysts that the Egyptian-Israeli peace did not lead at all to

full normalization of relations between Egypt and Israel even in the long run

was the Convention expression indirectly from the impossibility of the

imposition of will on the other party and the relations of the two countries

and yet are cold and cooling . The Convention was a 9 articles, including


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major agreements on the two armies and the military status and relations of

the two countries and scheduled Israeli withdrawal and an exchange of

ambassadors. Can read the nine articles of the Convention on this link .

Some argue that, to this day does not succeed the Israeli ambassadors

in Cairo since 1979 and in penetrating the psychological, social, politicaland cultural huge between Egypt and Israel are still many issues

outstanding between the two countries, including:

Issue of the trial of war criminals from the Israeli army accused of the

murder of prisoners of the Egyptian army in the Yom Kippur Warand

renewed Egypt given its claim in the case in 2003.

Failure ofIsrael to sign a treaty to prevent nuclear proliferation .

Question of the city or Rishrash and under the control of Israel and

called on the city name of the " Eilat "by the Israelis [citation

needed] . Where the other is convinced that the village or Rishrash or

Eilat has been occupied by Israel on 10 March 1949, and some studies

suggest that the Egyptian village ofUm al-Rishrash or Eilat was called in

the past (the village of pilgrims), where the Egyptian pilgrims were

heading to the Arabian Peninsula chilled.

Funds that it considers the issue ofEgypt "looted funds" as a result ofextraction ofIsrael for oil in the Sinai for a period of 6 years.

Begin took advantage of the days that followed the Camp David directly to

announce its intention to establish settlements in the occupied territories,

and then reached his peak in 1981 when he swore that he would not leave

any part of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights and

Jerusalem.

Convention on the impact of strategic and political

1. Terminated a state of war between Egypt and Israel.

2. Enjoyed both countries to improve diplomatic and economic ties with

European countries and the United States.


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3. Open the agreement and end the war in front of the door projects to

develop tourism, especially in Sinai.

4. Were suspended Egypt's membership in the League of Arab States

from 1979 to 1989 as a result of the signing of this

5. Agreement.6.

Reactions

Raised Conventions "Camp David" the reactions of the opposition in Egypt

and most Arab countries, in Egypt. Resigned as Foreign Minister

Mohammed Ibrahim Kamel for his opposition to the Convention and called

it a massacre concessions, and wrote an article full in his book "Peace lost

in the Camp David Accords," published in the early eighties that the "pre-

tags Sadat is far from a just peace," and criticized both the Camp Davidbecause they did not mention Frankly, the Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza

Strip and the West Bank and not to include the right of the Palestinian

people to self-determination.

And these Arab countries held a summit in which all rejected what was

issued. And later adopted the Arab League decision to move its

headquarters from Cairo toTunis to protest the Egyptian move.

On the Arab level there was an atmosphere of frustration and anger,

because the Arab street was then still under the influence of ideas of Arab

unity and the ideas ofGamal Abdel Nasser, especially

in Egypt and Iraq and Syria and Libya andAlgeria and Yemen.

Some argue that the Convention gave rise to the desires of regional

leadership and personal in the Arab world to fill the vacuum left

by Egypt and these signs clear to the leadership in Iraq and Syria, I tried

the two countries to forge unity in 1979 but collapsed after a few weeks andthe Iraq promptly convene a summit's University Arab states in Baghdad on

2 November1978 and rejected the Camp David and decided to move the

headquarters of the Arab League ofEgypt and the suspension of the

membership of Egypt and the region participated in this summit of 10 Arab

countries and the Palestine Liberation Organization , known to the summit


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as "rejectionist front". On 20November1979 summit was

held Tunisia regular application and confirmed the of a boycott on Egypt .Syria and Libya to a row of Iran occurred during this dispersioninvasion of Israel to Lebanon in 1982 under the pretext of

removing the PLO from southern Lebanon and was trapped in theLebanese capital for several months and raised the idea of "theMaghreb Union," which was based on the basis of belonging to Africaand not belonging to the Arab nationalism

References

Salah Akkad : Sadat and Camp David - Library Madbouly - Cairo -

without a date.

Ismail Fahmi : Negotiating for peace in the Middle East - LibraryMadbouly - Cairo - First Edition - 1985.

Gamal Ali Zahran : Foreign Policy of Egypt (1970 1981) - Library

Madbouly - Cairo - without a date.

Munir Ahamc : Peace convicted - Library Madbouly - Cairo - Second

Edition - 1970.

Hassan Abu Taleb : Egypt's relations with the Arab (1970 1981) - Center

for Arab Unity Studies - Beirut - 1998.

Dan Chirgi : America and the peace in the Middle East -

Translation Mustafa Mohamed Ghoneim - Dar Middle East - Cairo - FirstEdition - (1413 = 1993).

Documents

The Camp David