THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND RUSSIA

ROC

EK

VOCABULARY

Schism

• A permanent split

Czar

• The Russian word for “Caesar”

Ethnic Group

• A large group of people who share the same language and cultural heritage

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

Constantinople

• German invaders pushed into the western Roman empire• Emperors moved into the eastern Mediterranean

• Constantine (an emperor) rebuilt the Greek city Byzantium, renaming it “Constantinople”

• Eastern Roman empire became known as the Byzantine empire

• Constantinople thrived in the Middle Ages, having control over key trade routes in Europe and Asia

JUSTINIAN’S CODE

Justinian

• Emperor, ruled from 527 to 565• Set up commission to collect and organize laws of ancient

Rome• Known as “Justinian’s Code”

• By 1100’s the code reached to Western Europe and had effect on laws and principles of the Roman Catholic Church and medieval monarchs

• Preserved heritage of Roman law

BYZANTINE CHRISTIANITY

Separation

• Byzantine Christians and Roman Catholics became divided• Emperor controlled Church affairs in Byzantine empire

• This went against the pope’s claim of authority over all Christians

• Byzantine clergy also retained the right to marry

• Caused a schism between Eastern (Greek) Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches by 1054

• Byzantine empire was falling by the time of the schism• Constantinople fell to the Ottoman empire by 1453

• Eventually renamed Istanbul and became a part of Muslim culture

BYZANTINE HERITAGE

Byzantine civilization had a big influence on society, mixing Christian beliefs with Greek science, philosophy, arts, and literature

• Byzantines also expanded on Roman achievements in engineering and law

• Greek scholars left Constantinople to teach Italian universities and took valuable manuscripts to the West, as well as their knowledge of Greek and Byzantine culture

• The work of scholars contributed to the Renaissance

THE RISE OF RUSSIAEarly History of Russia

• Began in fertile area of present-day Ukraine• The Slavs moved into southern Russia and were followed by the

Vikings traveling Russian rivers in 700s and 800s• Vikings also traded with Constantinople

• Kiev, a city in the Ukraine, became the center of the first Russian state and a vital trade center

• Constantinople sent missionaries to convert the Slavs to Christianity• 863- Greek monks adapted Greek alphabet so they could translate

the Bible into Slavic languages. It became the script still used in Russia and Ukraine

• Russians now had a written language, forming a class of educated people

• They adapted Byzantine art, music, and architecture

THE MONGOL CONQUEST

Early 1200s- Mongols of central Asia took control of land from China to Eastern Europe

• Absolute power of Mongol leaders served as a model for later Russian rulers

Mongol rule cut Russia off from Western Europe, therefore cutting Russians off from the advancements in arts and sciences taking place in Europe

RISE OF MOSCOW

Princes of Moscow defeated the Mongols

• Between 1462 and 1505, Ivan III, known as Ivan the Great, gained rule over most of northern Russia

• Took the title “Czar”• Ivan the Great passed on absolute rule to successors, and

Ivan IV increased his power to the extreme, earning the title “Ivan the Terrible”

SHAPING EASTERN EUROPEEastern Europe had no region dominated by a single ethnic group

Many groups settled in Eastern Europe

• Slavs came from Russia and Asian groups moved into the land, such as the Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Magyars

• Germanic people came as well

Byzantine missionaries brought Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Byzantine culture to the Balkans

• German knights and missionaries brought Roman Catholic Christianity

Eastern Europe was a refuge for Jewish settlers, giving them escape from their Western Europe Christian persecutors in the Middle Ages

SHAPING EASTERN EUROPE (CONT.)

Kingdoms and small states arose in Eastern Europe

• Poland battled Germans, Russians, and Mongols

The Magyars of Hungary controlled parts of present-day Slovakia and Romania

Late 1100s- Serbs built a kingdom in the Balkan peninsula

1500s- Ottoman Turks ruled much of southeastern Europe

REVIEW

What was the name of the Eastern Roman Empire? Byzantine empire

What was the church called in this Eastern Roman Empire? Eastern Orthodox

Who created a code of laws that we base our laws on today? Byzantine emperor Justinian

What is a SCHISM? A permanent split

What was the name of the Trading Center in the Ukraine in the first Russian state, it was the capital? Kiev

Who invaded Russia from the West and influenced the idea of absolute rule? Ivan III

What is a CZAR? A Russian ruler

What was Ivan the IV known as? “Ivan the Terrible”

What is an ETHNIC GROUP? A large group of people who share the same language and cultural heritage

Which crusade sacked and looted Constantinople? The Ottoman Empire

SOURCES

World History textbook

Pictures:

http://www.parallelsixty.com/history-russia.shtml

en.wikipedia.org