The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire and Russiaand Russia

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire

►ObjectivesObjectives Identify the factors that contributed to the Identify the factors that contributed to the

growth & strength of the Byzantine Empiregrowth & strength of the Byzantine Empire Explain how the Christian church came to Explain how the Christian church came to

be dividedbe divided Analyze the cultural contributions made by Analyze the cultural contributions made by

the Byzantinesthe Byzantines Explain the factors that contributed to the Explain the factors that contributed to the

down fall of the Byzantine Empiredown fall of the Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire

► Justinian Code was a Justinian Code was a collection of Roman lawscollection of Roman laws Code- contained useful Code- contained useful

Roman lawsRoman laws Digest- summarized Digest- summarized

Roman legal opinionsRoman legal opinions Institutes- guide for law Institutes- guide for law

studentsstudents Novellae- laws passed Novellae- laws passed

after AD 534after AD 534

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire► Justinian CodeJustinian Code

Formed basis of Byzantine lawFormed basis of Byzantine law Provided framework for many European legal systemsProvided framework for many European legal systems Preserved Roman idea that people should be ruled by Preserved Roman idea that people should be ruled by

laws, not by leaders whimslaws, not by leaders whims

► Able AdvisorsAble Advisors TheodoraTheodora- encouraged Justinian to increase women's - encouraged Justinian to increase women's

rightsrights►Altered divorce laws, allowed Christian women to own Altered divorce laws, allowed Christian women to own

property equal to a property equal to a dowrydowry BelisariusBelisarius- General of the army, ended Nika revolt- General of the army, ended Nika revolt

Strengths of the EmpireStrengths of the Empire

► Strong and Centralized GovernmentStrong and Centralized Government► Officials were skilled, efficient, well paidOfficials were skilled, efficient, well paid► Created alliances through marriagesCreated alliances through marriages► Military forces well trained, Military forces well trained,

weapons/armor well designedweapons/armor well designed Greek FireGreek Fire- chemical weapon of the - chemical weapon of the

Navy, liquid that burst into flamesNavy, liquid that burst into flames► Eastern Roman EmpireEastern Roman Empire

Constantinople was source of Constantinople was source of strength, location allowed control of strength, location allowed control of sea trade routes between Europe sea trade routes between Europe and Asiaand Asia

The Christian Church

► Icon- holy picture of Jesus, the Virgin Mary,

or the Saints

► Iconoclasts- believed having icons was the

same as worshipping idols

► Iconoclastic Controversy was a battle about

the use of icons in the Christian Church

The Christian ChurchRoman Catholic

Eastern Orthodox

Clergy No Married Priests Married Priest allowed

Icons No icons allowedIcons rejected at first then later accepted

Leadership

Roman Pope was supreme church

authority

Patriarch of Constantinople

TrinityAccepted Holy

Trinity

Believed God the Father was more

important than the Son or Holy Spirit

Byzantine Culture

► Cyril and Methodius created the Cyrillic alphabet to teach the Bible to Slavs

► Art Religion was the main

subject Murals, Paintings, icons,

and mosaics Location of image

important Helped people look toward

the afterlife

Byzantine Culture

► Architecture Built the Hagia Sophia…a church Byzantines were the 1st to solve the issue of putting a

dome over a rectangular building

The Decline

► After Justinian died the empire was weakened and taken

over by various groups from different locations

The Seljuiq Turks capture of Asia Minor affected the

empire because it was a source for food and soldiers.

Western Roman Empire helped regain Constantinople

but later captured the city

► The Byzantine Empire was conquered by the Ottoman

Turks

The Rise of Russia

►Objectives

Explain why different peoples settled in

Eastern Europe

Describe how Kievan Russia differed from

the Byzantine Empire

The Setting and People

► Ural Mountains serve as a border between Europe and Asia

► The steppe covers the southern part of the great plains of Russia

► Rivers crisscross the plain to provide transportation

► Eastern Europe primarily populated by the Slavs

► Vikings moved into Eastern Europe to build trade routes

Kievan Russia

► Cities of Kiev and Novgorod lie along the Viking trade route

► Rurik- leader of the Rus people

► Kiev prospered bc of location as trade route between Constantinople and the Baltic Sea

► Kiev served as the capital for 300 years

Kievan Government

► Governed by princes and a council of nobles called boyars

► Held town meetings (veche) to and discuss important matters…war and disputes between princes

► Yaroslav the wise introduced the Pravda Russkia, a code of laws

► “Russian Justice” was a combination of fines and vengeance

Kievan Religion

► Traders and Greek missionaries brought Christianity to the area

► Vladimir I- 1st Russian ruler to convert to Christianity in order to marry Byzantine emperor daughter

► Ordered Kievan Russia to become Christian

► Many worshipped the spirits of their ancestors or gods of nature

► Religious writings, singing, and art dominated the culture

Kievan Economy► 2 agricultural regions, the steppe and taiga► Traded agricultural products and provided slaves to

the Byzantines► Trade helped develop Kievan into a strong, wealthy

power► Kievan Class Society

Local Princes and family Boyars Town Artisans and merchants devoted to trade Peasants, produced all crops that fed Russia Clergy- performed religious ceremonies and ran

the hospitals and charities

Russia and the Mongols

►Objectives

Identify the ways in which Mongol rule

affected Kievan Russia.

Describe the effects of Moscow’s growing

power and independence.

Attacks on Kiev

► Reasons for decline

Declined due to infighting among Kievan rulers

sons

Turkish Polovtsy controlled trade south of Kiev

Competition with Italian city-states that

developed new trade routes

The sacking of Kiev

Mongol Invasion

Kievan under the Mongols

► Ruled from 1240 to about 1500

► Gained wealth by taxing heavily

► Used peasants for as labor for projects

► Mongol influence

Built roads to improve transportation

Improved communication

Customs, traditions, behavior, and some language entered Russian Society

Kievan Russia & its neighbor

► Lithuania and Poland established hostile kingdom to

the eastern Slavs

► Poland converted to Catholicism (Western

Christianity)

► Other Slavs kept the eastern Orthodox religion

► Slavs become suspicious of Western Europeans

Rise of MoscowRise of Moscow

► Prince Ivan I was known as the Prince Ivan I was known as the Great Prince by the MongolsGreat Prince by the Mongols

► Head of the Orthodox Church Head of the Orthodox Church moved to Moscowmoved to Moscow

► Ivan the Great Ivan the Great Took control and power away Took control and power away

from the Mongolsfrom the Mongols Established independent state Established independent state

of Russiaof Russia Began absolute monarchy in Began absolute monarchy in

RussiaRussia

Ivan IV…the TerribleIvan IV…the Terrible

► Became heir to throne at age of 3Became heir to throne at age of 3

► Took the title of Took the title of czarczar

► Developed modern legal system and codeDeveloped modern legal system and code

► Renewed trade with Western EuropeRenewed trade with Western Europe

► Formed the Formed the oprichnikioprichniki to arrest to arrest boyarsboyars

► Laid foundation for new Russian state that Laid foundation for new Russian state that

stretched from Siberia to the Caspian Seastretched from Siberia to the Caspian Sea

Church GrowthChurch Growth

► Grew richly by acquiring land and donationsGrew richly by acquiring land and donations

► Became the center of the Orthodox Church after Became the center of the Orthodox Church after

the fall of Constantinople the fall of Constantinople

► Called Moscow the Called Moscow the “Third Rome”“Third Rome”

► Elaborate dome churchesElaborate dome churches

► Thought churches would inspire people & make Thought churches would inspire people & make

Russia the spiritual light to the whole world.Russia the spiritual light to the whole world.