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The Business Case for PV
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Representative Current PVSystem Costs
Grid Connected - No Batteries($/Watt DC)
Item ModuleHardwareInverterInstall Total
RetailHigh
6.10 (a)1.00 .751.759.60
RetailLow
4.30 (b)1.75 .752.409.20
Wholesale 3.50 (b)1.40 .502.407.80
(a) Crystalline Si (b) Thin film a-SiBased on typical small system (<5.0 kW), 2000 catalog pricesBP 0802
Total Installed PV System Costs – Representative Examples
Residential: Range = $9.00 - $12.00 per Watt or $9,000 - $12,000 per kW Example: 2.0 kWDC system = $18,000 - $24,000
Commercial: Range = $7.00 - $9.00 per Watt or
$7,000 - $9,000 per kW Example: 100 kWDC system = 100($9,000) = $900,000 500 kWDC system = 500($7,000) = $3,500,000BP 0403
PV System and Energy Costs ($/kWh)
($/Watt AC)
$10.50 8.50 6.00 4.50
Phoenix, AZ (6.5 PSH*)
0.26 0.21 0.15 0.11
Sacramento, CA (5.5 PSH*)
0.30 0.24 0.17 0.13
Spokane,WA (4.5 PSH*)
0.35 0.29 0.20 0.15
Phoenix,AZ (Tracker**)
0.20 0.17 0.13 0.10
Energy Cost (Cents/kWh)
* PSH = average annual peak solar hours from NREL weather data; fixed tilt at Lat** Single axis tracker increases generated energy by 34.4%; assume $1.00/W cost inc.
System Cost
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Data based on computer simulation
Average Monthly Savings on Electric Bill per kW of PVDC ($/Month)
City Sun Electric Utility Costs per kWhHrs $0.08 $0.10 $0.12 $0.14 $0.16 $0.18 $0.20
Denver, CO 6.06 4.53 13.59 16.31 19.03 21.74 24.46 27.78
Kansas City, 5.01 8.76 10.95 13.14 14.24 16.27 19.71 20.34 MOMiami, FL 5.18 8.86 11.07 13.28 15.50 17.71 19.93 22.14
Phoenix, AZ 6.63 11.50 14.37 17.24 20.12 22.99 25.87 28.74
San Francisco 5.76 8.03 12.81 15.37 17.93 20.50 23.06 25.62 CASeattle, WA 3.97 6.82 8.52 10.22 11.93 13.63 15.34 17.04
Source: “Home Power Magazine”, April/May 2003, pg31. NOTE: Does not consider tiered or time of use rate structure, which will greatly increase the savings.
PV System CostsSMUD Experience - 2000
Item
Cost to SMUD ($/watt approx)Cost to retail customer ($/watt)Equiv. Energy cost (cents/kWh)Avg SMUD res rate (cents/kWh)
Cost
4.252.40 6.78-12
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PV and Tiered Utility Rates
1015
1820
600 1,000 1,500
25EnergyCost(cents)
Energy (kWhrs)
PV currently competitive at peak and higher tiers
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Based on Tiered rates for PG&E, Northern California
Source: Internet ExplorerClean Power Estimatorwww.clean-power.com/cec/default.asp
1.0 kW Residential System - Case Study
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1.0 kW Case Study - System CostB
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1.0 kW Case Study - System Cost (cont.)
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1.0 kW Case Study - ProductionB
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1.0 kW Case Study - EconomicsB
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1.0 kW Case Study - Economics (cont.)
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1.0 kW Case Study - Net Cash FlowB
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5.0 kW Residential System - Case Study Is More Better ?
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5.0 kW Case Study - ProductionB
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5.0 kW Case Study - Monthly Economics
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5.0 kW Case Study - The Cash Flow Black Hole
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3.5 kW Case Study - Break Even
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3.5 kW Case Study - Break Even
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3.5 kW Case Study - Break Even
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