the BSS requirements (Regulatory Control of NORM): MALAYSIA · 2014-05-14 · Dr. TENG IYU LIN LICENSING DIVISION Atomic Energy Licensing Board Ministry of Science, Technology and

Dr. TENG IYU LIN

LICENSING DIVISION

Atomic Energy Licensing Board

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)

MALAYSIA

Practical challenges in implementingthe BSS requirements

(Regulatory Control of NORM):

MALAYSIA

Ensuring Safety, Security & Safeguarding Peaceful Nuclear Activities

http://www.aelb.gov.my

CONTENT AELB, ACT & REGULATIONS

NORM IN MALAYSIA

ACT 304

LICENSING REGULATIONS, 1986

BASIC SAFETY RADIATION PROTECTION, 2010

RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2011

EXEMPTION ORDER – LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL & SMALL AMANG FACTORY

CODE OF PRACTICE - OIL & GAS

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS BASED ON GSR PART 3

CHALLENGES

2

http://www.aelb.gov.my/


Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation

(General Secretary)

Minister of Science, Technology & Innovation

Director GeneralAELB Department

Executive Secretary

Nuclear Installation

Division

Policy, Code & Standard Division

Technical Support Division

Licensing Division

Enforcement Division

Administrative Services Division

Standing Safety

Committee

Sub-standing

Safety Committee

The Board(5 Members)

AELB, ACT & REGULATIONS

Regulatory Body:

• Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) was establish under Section 3 of the Act. 304

• Ensuring safety, security and safeguarding peaceful Nuclear Activities

Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984

(Act 304)

• To provide for the regulation and control of atomic energy;

• For the establishment of standards on liability for nuclear damage; and

• For matters connected therewith or related thereto.

3



• Regulations: provides more detailed

provisions entrusted by the Act.

Section 68 Act 304

• Provides guides, codes and standards

to comply with and achieve goal

impose in regulations

Hierarchy of Legal System

• Act: provides the basic law

concerning the development and

utilization of atomic energy and

safety regulations.

Orders and Conditions

of License

Guidelines, Codesand Standards

Atomic Energy Licensing Act (1984 )(ACT 304)

Regulations

• Provides additional requirement which

not stated in the regulations or special

matters related to provisions entrusted

by the Act

Orders: Sec 69 Act 304

Licence conditions: Section 17 Act 304

4



Scope of the Act 304

To control any :

radioactive materials,

nuclear materials,

prescribed substances, or

irradiating apparatus in

medical and non-medical

application.

ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING ACT 1984 (ACT 304)



ATOMIC ENERGY ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA

6

a. NON MEDICAL ACTIVITIES

Gamma sterilization

Non Destructive Testing

Gauging

Oil Logging

NORM/ TENORM

Research

Archeology

Others…

b. MEDICAL ACTIVITIES



NORM IN MALAYSIANORM vs TENORM:a) Milling of minerals containing naturally occurring radionuclides:

RAW MATERIAL – PROCESS PRODUCT + BY PRODUCT

(NORM) (TENORM)

b) Tin mining/ smelting activities

TIN MINING: TIN CONCENTRATE + TIN TAILING

TIN SMELTING: TIN INGOT + TIN SLAG

c) Oil and gas industries

OIL SCALE AND SLUDGE

7



NORM RESIDUES/ WASTESGYPSUM

IRON OXIDE

TIN TAILIN (AMANG)

TIN SLAG

OIL SLUDGE/ SCALE



RADIATION PROTECTIONREGULATIONS (LICENSING) 1986

Explain the procedure and information needed to obtain,renew and amend the license from the Board.



CLASS A

ACTIVITY

-Manufacture

-Trade in

-Produce

-Process

-Purchase

-Own

-Possess

-Transfer

-Handle

-Sell

-Store

-Import

-Export

RADIOACTIVE

MATERIAL

CLASS B

NUCLEAR

MATERIAL

CLASS C

IRRADIATING

APPARATUS

CLASS D

TRANSPORTATION

CLASS E

IMPORT &

EXPORT

CLASS F

NUCLEAR

INSTALLATION

CLASS G CLASS H

OTHERSDISPOSAL/STORAGE

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

BEFORE DISPOSE

ACTIVITY ACTIVITYACTIVITYACTIVITY ACTIVITY ACTIVITY ACTIVITY

-Same as

Class A

-Purchase

-Sell

-Trade in

-Transfer

-Import

-Export

-Possess

-Own

-Use

-Store

-Handle

-Transport -Import

-Export

-Same as

Class A

-Dispose

-Store

-Maintenance

-Leak test

REG 3:CLASSIFICATION OF LICENCE



Introduction

Atomic Energy Licensing (Basic Safety Radiation Protection)

Regulations 2010 [P.U.(A) 46] replaced the

[Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Standards) Regulations, 1988]

Come into operation on 15th February 2010; and

Describe the principles of radiation protection and safety such as, system of dose limitation (justification, optimization), medical exposure, operational radiation protection and role of licensee and radiation worker.

11

ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING (BASIC SAFETY RADIATION PROTECTION) 2010



ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING (RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT) REGULATIONS, 2011

1. COMMENCEMENT:

REGULATIONS COME INTO OPERATION ON 16 AUGUST 2011

2. APPLICATION:

SHALL APPLY TO ALL ASPECTS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND WASTE

MANAGEMENT ARISING FROM MEDICAL, INDUSTRY, RESEARCH &

ANY OTHER APPLICATION WHICH MAY BE SPECIFIED BY THE BOARD.

3. INTERPRETATION:

CLEARANCE LEVEL – THE VALUES ESTABLISHED BY THE BOARD

AND EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION OR

TOTAL ACTIVITY, AT OR BELOW WHICH THE SOURCE OF RADIATION

MAY BE RELEASED FROM CONTROL (2nd SCHEDULE)


P.U(A)274 - 2nd schedule.pdf


eg. SECOND SCHEDULE

13



EXEMPTION1. ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING (EXEMPTION) (LOW LEVEL

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL) 2002 - CALIBRATION SOURCE,CHECK SOURCE, STANDARD SOURCE, REFERENCE SOURCE

2. ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING (EXEMPTION) (SMALLAMANG FACTORY) 1994.

Small Amang Factory” means any factory processing amangwhich may cause exposure of ionizing radiation to the wholebody of a worker not exceeding 50 milisieverts (mSv) perannum.


Exemption Order - low level 2002.pdf

Exemption Order- Amang 1994.pdf


CODE OF PRACTICE ON RADIATION PROTECTIONRELATING TO TECHNICALLY ENHANCED NATURALLYOCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (TENORM) IN OILAND GAS FACILITIES

15

Parameter Control Limit

External dose rate 0.5 uSv/h

Contaminated materials: External dose rate at 5 cm from surface

0.5 uSv/h

Waste categorization based on TAC: Total Activity Concentration (TAC)

3.0 Bq/g (inclusive b/ground)

Waste disposal: - Dose to critical group

0.3 mSv/y



CODE OF PRACTICE ON RADIATION PROTECTION RELATING TO TECHNICALLY ENHANCED NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (TENORM) IN OIL AND GAS FACILITIES

16


http://www.aelb.gov.my17

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

IAEA: GSR PART 3

1. INTRODUCTION

2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRORECTION AND SAFETY

3. PLANNED ESPOSURE SITUATIONS

4. EMERGENCY EXPOSURE SITUATIONS

5. EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATIONS

AELB: Atomic Energy Licensing (Basic Safety RadiationProtection) Regulations 2010 [P.U.(A) 46]



1. INTRODUCTION

18

Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources:

International Basic Safety Standards (GSR Part 3) establish

requirements for the protection of people and the

environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and

for the safety of radiation sources which apply to the 3

categories of exposure:

a. Occupational exposure

b. Public exposure; and

c. Medical exposure



2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION AND SAFETY

19

Application of all principles of radiation protection for all exposure

situations

Establish and maintain an appropriate and effective legal and

regulatory framework for protection and safety

Training and recognition of competence workers in protection and

safety

Graded approach to the implementation of the system of protection

and safety

Protection and safety elements of the management system – Safety

culture/ human factors



ACT 304 GSR Part 3

Dose limits :8(1) Workers – 20 mSv/y9(1) Public – 1 mSv/y

Dose limits :Workers – 20 mSv/yPublic – 1 mSv/y

Competence workers – RPO/ RPA

Training and recognition ofcompetence workers in protection and safety

Training – Specified in Radiation Protection Program

20

REGULATORY CONTROL



REGULATORY CONTROL

Act 304 GSR Part 3

Authorization:Licensing (Class A-milling; Class G –store/ dispose of radioactive wastes; Class H- D&D, consultation)Enforcement: inspection, environmental monitoring & sampling etc

Graded approach to the implementation of the system of protection and safety

Registration: SEM, Lightning Arrester

Release from Regulatory Control:RADIOACTIVE WASTE (NORM): U/Th < 1 Bq/gOIL SLUDGE: TAC < 3.0 Bq/g









ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Monitoring methods

Soil

In-Situ TLD

Water

Air

ERMS



3. PLANNED EXPOSURE SITUATIONS

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SCOPE:

The mining and processing of raw materials that involve

exposure due to radioactive material;

Eg: rare earth extraction plants

Exposure due to natural sources (in general considered an

existing exposure situation), the relevant requirements for

planned exposure situations apply to: Exposure due to material

where the activity concentration in the material of any

radionuclide in the uranium or thorium decay chains is greater

than 1 Bq/g or the activity concentration of K-40 is greater than

10 Bq/g.

Eg: ex-mining activities (Amang plants)



3. PLANNED EXPOSURE SITUATIONS

26

GRADED APPROACH- Licensing: Processing of minerals containing NORM- Exemption & Registration: Amang plant

NOTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION- Section 12(1)(b) Act 304- Radiation Protection (Licensing) Regulations 1986

Class A (milling) licenceLicence conditions (import/ export/store/process etc)

EXEMPTION AND CLEARANCE- eg. Small Amang Plant Exemption Order 1994- Clearance levels Schedule 2 (Waste Regulations, 2011)



EXPOSURE DUE TO NATURAL SOURCES IS IN GENERAL CONSIDERED AN EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATION AND IS SUBJECT TO THE REQUIREMENTS STATED IN SECTION 5.

27

TABLE 1-3 LEVEL FOR CLEARANCE OF MATERIAL: ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES OF NAUTRAL ORIGIN

Radionuclide Activity Concentration (Bq/g)

K-40 10

Each radionuclides in the uranium and thorium decay chains

1



3. AUTHORIZATION: REQUIREMENTS

28

DOSE LIMITS

- Workers: 20 mSv/yr

- Public; 1 mSv/yr

SAFETY ASSESSMENT

- Shall be conducted at different stages including the stages of siting, design,

manufacture, construction, assembly, commissioning, operation, maintenance

and decommissioning.

MONITORING FOR VERIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE

- Review and approve monitoring & measurements program

- Emergency Preparedness and Response

- Maintain inventory records

- Occupational exposure – compliance with dose limits

- Monitoring of the workplace

- Workers health surveillance

- Training

- Classifications of working areas



4. EMERGENCY EXPOSURE SITUATIONS

Emergency management system is established and

maintained for the purposes of emergency response to

protect human life, health and the environment in the event

of a nuclear or radiation emergency.

Technical Guide:

- LEM/TEK/66: for the preparation of Emergency Plan and

Drill

- Training & Drill – once/year (internal)



National Radiological

Emergency Response Drill

30



5. EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATIONS

Existing exposure situations apply to:

i. Contamination of areas by residual radioactive material –past

activities that never subject to regulatory control, eg. Tin mining

ii. Exposure due to natural sources, in which the activity

concentration of no radionuclide in either the uranium or thorium

decay chains exceeds 1 Bq/g or the activity concentration of K-40

does not exceed 10 Bq/g

The regulatory body shall ensure:

Remediation of areas with residual radioactive materials

- Landfilling/ reclamation

Establish and implement an action plan for controlling public

exposure due to radon indoors

- ventilation

Establish and enforce requirements for the protection of workers

- environmental monitoring

- PPE provided to the workers



CHALLENGES

32

1. Existing exposure situation: Contamination of areas by residual

radioactive Material (tin mining activities); which radionuclide in either

the uranium or thorium decay chains exceeds 1 Bq/g or the activity

concentration of K-40 exceed 10 Bq/g [REMEDIATION]

2. Processing of raw materials that involve exposure due to material

where the activity concentration in the material of any radionuclide in

the uranium or thorium decay chains is greater than 1 Bq/g or the

activity concentration of K-40 is greater than 10 Bq/g.

[AUTHORIZATION]

3. Public acceptance – After the Fukushima accident, the decision making

process in controlling and supervising atomic energy activities,

especially related to mineral processing and disposal of radioactive

waste containing NORM had been reviewed. [PUBLIC

ACCEPTANCE]

4. Competence authority - Increase public confidence: 3S (SAFETY,

SECURITY & SAFEGUARD)



1. EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATION

Existing exposure situation: Contamination of areas byresidual radioactive Material (tin mining activities); whichradionuclide in either the uranium or thorium decay chainsexceeds 1 Bq/g or the activity concentration of K-40 exceed10 Bq/g

Isodose mapping throughout the country (environmentalmonitoring and sampling etc)

Remediation of ex-mining areas (landfilling/ reclamation)

Development of ex-mining areas (Future plan)

- Ventilation

- PPE to workers

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MONITORING EQUIPMENTS AND PPE



2. PROCESSING OF RAW MATERIALS

Processing of raw materials that involve exposure due tomaterial where the activity concentration in the material ofany radionuclide in the uranium or thorium decay chains isgreater than 1 Bq/g or the activity concentration of K-40 isgreater than 10 Bq/g.

Authorization: Licensing

Licence conditions: Import/ exports/ storage/ processing

Radioactive waste management

-waste minimization (Reduce, Reuse. Recycle)

- disposal facility

35



3. PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE

Indirectly, Fukushima accident also had influenced thedecision making process in controlling the atomic energyactivities in Malaysia. This also had given big impact on thelevel of thrust to the regulator in controlling andsupervising atomic energy activities, especially related tomineral processing and disposal of radioactive wastecontaining NORM.

Thus, AELB have increased its public engagement activitiesand make it a compulsory to all applicants for mineralcontaining NORM processing and radioactive wastedisposal activities.

36



Public Acceptance Activities Outreach/ Awareness program

- Outreach program – to the politicians, other governmental officers, industries, school and universities students

- Awareness program & Public communication - Address Public Concern, Ensure Safety & Health Of The Public, Workers And The Environment

Public Engagement- Media briefing

- Presentation

- FAQ (online)



NUCLEAR SECURITY & PHYSICAL PROTECTION:

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL CATEGORY 1-3:

SECURITY PLAN

THREAT ASSESSMENT

NATIONAL RADIOACTIVE AND NUCLEAR DETECTION SYSTEM(PORTAL MONITOR):

To prevent illicit trafficking/illegal movement of radioactive and

nuclear material

ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM (ERMS):

A detection of early warning sign of trans-boundaryradioactivity on the environmental in case of any radiation ornuclear contamination

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4. COMTEPENCE AUTHORITY: TO ENHANCE PUBLIC CONFIDENCE



INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MONITORING OF 3’S’: SAFETY, SECURITY AND SAFEGUARDS

- Incident

- Accident

- Sabotage

- Illicit trafficking

- Misused

Environmental radiation monitoring system

Illicit trafficking & border control

National Emergency Response Centre

39

NUCLEAR SECURITY & PHYSICAL PROTECTION


Malaysia have installed ten (10) units of Environmental RadiationMonitoring System (ERMS) throughout the country that gives a detection ofearly warning sign of trans-boundary radioactivity on the environmental incase of any radiation or nuclear contamination

Data from all site are transmitted and monitored at AELB control centre.

Environmental Radiation Monitoring System ERMS


Thank you


Documents

the BSS requirements (Regulatory Control of NORM): MALAYSIA · 2014-05-14 · Dr. TENG IYU LIN LICENSING DIVISION Atomic Energy Licensing Board Ministry of Science, Technology and