THE BRITISH CIVIL WARTHE BRITISH CIVIL WARChapter 21.1 and 21.2Chapter 21.1 and 21.2

Civil War?Civil War?

What’s the definition of a Civil War?What’s the definition of a Civil War?

What issue is the problem in England?What issue is the problem in England?

Who are the two sides at the start of the War?Who are the two sides at the start of the War?

Who’s got control as we begin?Who’s got control as we begin?

Why is Parliament in charge?Why is Parliament in charge?

By 1530, Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine. She “couldn’t” give him any “suitable” children.

You: What is a “suitable child” for a King?

For a divorce, Henry needed the Pope to agree as both he and Catherine were Catholic and had received special permission to marry in the first place. Catherine was related to an advisor to the Pope which didn’t make things easier.

You: What do you think the Pope said to Henry?

Why is Parliament in charge?Why is Parliament in charge?

Henry VIII formed his own Church which he called The Church Henry VIII formed his own Church which he called The Church of England.of England.

You: Who is at the head of the Church and what is the first order You: Who is at the head of the Church and what is the first order of business for this new church?of business for this new church?

To gain approval from Parliament for this move, Henry VIII gave To gain approval from Parliament for this move, Henry VIII gave Parliament control of the Country’s finances. Parliament control of the Country’s finances.

You:You: Write the “if-then” statement which Henry would have Write the “if-then” statement which Henry would have made to Parliament.made to Parliament.

Henry gets his wayHenry gets his waySo…So…

Henry divorces Catherine of Aragon in 1532Henry divorces Catherine of Aragon in 1532

He marries Anne Boleyn in 1533He marries Anne Boleyn in 1533

Beheads Anne in 1536Beheads Anne in 1536

Marries Jane Seymour in 1536 within 2 weeks of Anne’s Marries Jane Seymour in 1536 within 2 weeks of Anne’s execution. execution.

Queen Jane dies in 1537 of infectionQueen Jane dies in 1537 of infection

He marries Anne of Cleves in 1540, divorcing her the same year.He marries Anne of Cleves in 1540, divorcing her the same year.

He then marries Catherine Howard, but executes her in 1542He then marries Catherine Howard, but executes her in 1542

And finally marries Catherine Parr in 1543 to whom he remains And finally marries Catherine Parr in 1543 to whom he remains married until he dies in 1547.married until he dies in 1547.

Henry’s kids, The TudorsHenry’s kids, The Tudors

Henry VIII had three Henry VIII had three Children:Children:Mary with Catherine Mary with Catherine (Wife #1)(Catholic)(Wife #1)(Catholic)Elizabeth with Anne Elizabeth with Anne (Wife #2) (Church of (Wife #2) (Church of England)England)Edward with Jane Edward with Jane Seymore (Wife #3) Seymore (Wife #3) (Church of England)(Church of England)

Mary

Elizabeth

Edward

Henry VIII Dies, then…Henry VIII Dies, then…

Following Henry VIII’s death in 1547:Following Henry VIII’s death in 1547:

Edward VI becomes King. He dies in 1553.Edward VI becomes King. He dies in 1553.

Mary I becomes Queen in 1553 until she dies in 1558.Mary I becomes Queen in 1553 until she dies in 1558.

Elizabeth I becomes Queen in 1558 until 1603 Elizabeth I becomes Queen in 1558 until 1603

When she dies it is without a direct heir to the throne. When she dies it is without a direct heir to the throne. The line of Tudors is at it’s end.The line of Tudors is at it’s end.

You: Who becomes King?You: Who becomes King?

STuART RULEJames I is a Catholic and believer in the Divine Right of Kings.James I is a Catholic and believer in the Divine Right of Kings.

He is quoted below:

"Monarchy is the greatest thing on earth. Kings are rightly called gods since just like God they have power of life and death over all their subjects in all things. They are accountable to God only ... so it is a crime for anyone to argue about what a king can do."

You: According to the quote, what are the rights You: According to the quote, what are the rights of the citizens?of the citizens?

James I, king of england

James I of Scotland becomes James I of Scotland becomes King of England in 1603.King of England in 1603.

James Stuart was a relative James Stuart was a relative of Henry VII who was the of Henry VII who was the

first Tudor king and first Tudor king and

Elizabeth’s Grandfather.Elizabeth’s Grandfather.

Parliament’s RuleParliament’s RuleJames I asks Parliament for money and is rejected.James I asks Parliament for money and is rejected.They don’t like James because he’s Catholic, a believer in Divine right and They don’t like James because he’s Catholic, a believer in Divine right and

attempting to do as he wishes.attempting to do as he wishes.Members of Parliament were members of the Church of England Members of Parliament were members of the Church of England Some even become Puritans, hoping to “purify” the government of Catholics. Some even become Puritans, hoping to “purify” the government of Catholics.

You: Why do members of Parliament dislike James I?You: Why do members of Parliament dislike James I?

But James continued to make them madBut James continued to make them madHe made peace with the Spanish and the French who were CatholicHe made peace with the Spanish and the French who were CatholicHe didn’t like Parliament’s Puritans limiting his power.He didn’t like Parliament’s Puritans limiting his power.

You: Why did he think it was wrong for Parliament to limit his power?You: Why did he think it was wrong for Parliament to limit his power?

Conflict UnresolvedConflict UnresolvedTo get around Parliament’s control James…To get around Parliament’s control James…

sold titles of nobility for money.sold titles of nobility for money.

collected taxes on things that had not been taxed in a long time.collected taxes on things that had not been taxed in a long time.charged customs duties on importscharged customs duties on imports

You: What reasons would Parliament give to You: What reasons would Parliament give to explain why the actions of James I were wrong?explain why the actions of James I were wrong?

He dies peacefully in 1625 but the issues are far from solved. He dies peacefully in 1625 but the issues are far from solved.

What religion are many What religion are many members of Parliament?members of Parliament?

52%

0%

48%

0%

1.1. CatholicCatholic

2.2. JewishJewish

3.3. PuritansPuritans

4.4. Not religiousNot religious

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What is the primary conflict between What is the primary conflict between the King and Parliament?the King and Parliament?

57%

0%0%

43%

1.1. ReligionReligion

2.2. MoneyMoney

3.3. Court EtiquetteCourt Etiquette

4.4. International International RelationsRelations

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STuART RULE IISTuART RULE IIJames I’s son, Charles I takes the throne in 1625. James I’s son, Charles I takes the throne in 1625. He agrees to sign the Petition of Right. (4 Points)He agrees to sign the Petition of Right. (4 Points)He disbands Parliament because they won’t give him the He disbands Parliament because they won’t give him the

money he wants.money he wants.He attempts to raise the money on his own.He attempts to raise the money on his own.

He attempts to get Nobles to “loan” the govt. money.He attempts to get Nobles to “loan” the govt. money.He forces people to house troops at their own expense.He forces people to house troops at their own expense.He declares “marshall” or military law and controls the He declares “marshall” or military law and controls the lands himself as the head of the army.lands himself as the head of the army.

The money runs out and Charles I has to re-convene The money runs out and Charles I has to re-convene Parliament in 1628. Parliament in 1628.

But all they want to talk about the control of the money.But all they want to talk about the control of the money.

Which of the following is not a cost Which of the following is not a cost saving measure used by the King?saving measure used by the King?

74%

0%0%

26%

1.1. No more warsNo more wars

2.2. ““borrow” money from borrow” money from NoblesNobles

3.3. Soldiers housed at Soldiers housed at owners expenseowners expense

4.4. Put areas under Put areas under marshal or military marshal or military lawlaw

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Parliament’s Pretty UnhappyParliament’s Pretty UnhappyWhen Parliament is called back into session they pass the When Parliament is called back into session they pass the Petition of Petition of

Right (1628)Right (1628)::1. The king cannot collect taxes or force loans without 1. The king cannot collect taxes or force loans without Parliament’s consent.Parliament’s consent.2. The king could not imprison anyone without just cause2. The king could not imprison anyone without just cause3. Troops could not be housed against the will of the house’s 3. Troops could not be housed against the will of the house’s owner.owner.4. The king could not declare martial law unless the country was 4. The king could not declare martial law unless the country was at war.at war.

The king ignored the Petition of Right and disbanded the Parliament and vowed never to

reinstate them.

Why did the King reject the Petition of Right?

22%

4%0%

74%1.1. He suggested a better way He suggested a better way

of raising money.of raising money.

2.2. He thought the King He thought the King should have all the powershould have all the power

3.3. He didn’t and followed it’s He didn’t and followed it’s rules.rules.

4.4. He was Catholic and He was Catholic and thought the Church was thought the Church was more important.more important.

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THE SHORT OF ITAngry at Parliament, the King persecutes Puritans. They

couldn’t preach or publish. He had their books burned and publically whipped. In response, they leave for America. This is called the Great Migration.

At the same time, England is invaded by the Scots. The English attempts to force Church of England’s prayer book on them.

To defend the country the King recalls the Parliament. They will not do what he wants.

He disbands them after three weeks. This is called the SHORT PARLIAMENT

Realizing he needs Parliament to raise money, the King is forced to recall them.

This is becomes known as the LONG PARLIAMENT. Their goal was to decrease the power of the King.

TT

What causes the King to recall the Parliament?

26%

4%

26%

43%1. The King changed his mind

2. The Scots invaded

3. Parliament recalled the King

4. Germany declared war on England

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THE LONG OF ITTHE LONG OF IT

MAIN OBJECTIVE OF LONG PARLIAMENTTo take away the King’s power.

The disagreement becomes military pitting the Cavaliers vs. Roundheads.

Roundheads win the British Civil War.They try and execute Charles I in 1649.

The CommonwealthThe Commonwealth

The leader of the Roundheads, Oliver Cromwell, ends the monarchy and leads the Country, now a called a

“Commonwealth”.He eliminates the non-Puritans from Parliament leaving

behind the “Rump Parliament” then dismisses them ruling as “Lord Protector”

Governmental rule is strict until his death in 1658.His son, Richard, takes control for one year.

Then a newly elected Parliament restored the Monarchy

Who supports the Parliament?

0% 0%0%0%

1. The Roundheads

2. The Cavaliers

3. The Whigs

4. The Tories

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The “RESTORATION”The “RESTORATION”After one year under Richard Cromwell, Parliament

reinstates the Monarchy.

Charles I’s son, CHARLES II takes the throne.The Cavalier Parliament passes the Clarendon Code:

-Church of England is the official Church of Country

-Only Anglicans can attend universities or serve in Parliament.

-Forces King to follow the powers of the king outlined in the Constitution.

You: Why is it called the Restoration when Charles II takes the throne?

The Clarendon Code doesn’t reinforce which of the following?

0% 0%0%0%

1. Catholics are not powerful in England

2. The power of the Anglican Church

3. The control of the King over Parliament

4. The Government of England is connected to the Church of England

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GLORIOUS REVOLUTION IGLORIOUS REVOLUTION IParliament wants to keep James II from the throne.

Divided Whig and ToryTories defended the right of the next in line to the throne while Whigs

wanted to keep Catholic James II from the throne.

While Tories defeat Exclusion Bill (1679), they must accept Habeas Corpus

This rule made it illegal for the king or any government to hold anyone without just cause or without trial,

This increased the rights of the individual and decreasing the rights of the king.

James II takes the throne

Because Charles II didn’t have any children Because Charles II didn’t have any children when he died the throne went to his brother, when he died the throne went to his brother,

James II.James II.

Which of the following is False?

0% 0%0%0%

1. The Exclusion Bill failed to pass Parliament

2. The two sides of the Bill were the Whigs and Tories

3. The Exclusion Bill would have allowed Catholics to take the Throne

4. The Habeas Corpus principal was the compromise of this Bill’s outcome

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James’ Big Mistake

Being Catholic, James II demands Absolute PowerHis daughter from his first marriage is Mary, who is Protestant

and married to William who is the ruler of the Netherlands.His second wife has a son, who James II says will be Catholic. Parliament encourages William and Mary to attack James II who

has no support.The switch is made quickly:

James II is out and William and Mary take the throne

This is known as the Glorious RevolutionYou: Why were William and Mary the best

choice for King and Queen of England?

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION IIGLORIOUS REVOLUTION II

Under the rule of WILLIAM AND MARY the following laws pass thru Parliament:

BILL OF RIGHTS (1689):Trial by JuryOutlawed cruel and unusual punishmentLimitation on the amount of bailAbility to appeal to the king by ordinary citizens

You: Whose power does the Bill of Rights limit?

ACT OF SETTLEMENT (1701):“settles” the argument of who takes the throne next.

Banned Catholics from ever taking the ThroneCatholics of Ireland were forbidden from governing themselves.

You: Who was the last monarch affected by the Act of Settlement?

The Glorious Revolution was:

0% 0%0%0%

1. A war between France and England

2. A reinstatement of the King on the throne

3. The installment of a foreigner and his wife to the throne of England

4. A triumph of Catholics in the Royal house of Stuart.

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Which of the following did William and Mary not approve?

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. A law which added more individual rights

2. A law which forbade Catholics from taking the throne

3. A law which brought together Scotland and Ireland

4. The Bill of Right

5. The Act of Settlement

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Start of the American RevolutionStart of the American Revolution

Queen ANNE (Mary’s sister) (reign 1702-1714)Act of Union brings together Scotland and England into Great Britain

You: When did this problem begin?

GEORGE, GEORGE, GEORGEGeorge I (1714- 1727) is imported from Hanover, Germany thanks to the Act of Settlement. He’s Protestant but German.

The role of the Prime Minister grows during this time.

George II (1727-1760) Controlled by Parliament

George III (1760- grows the empire taking France’s holdings in America. Mistakenly, he attempts to pay for the French and Indian War with Colonial-raised tax money.

You: Why are the Georges good choices for kings of England?